Health Education, Chapter 10, health promotion
Any combination of planned experiences based on sound theories that provide individuals, groups, and communities the opportunity to acquire the information and skills needed to make quality health decisions is known as: health promotion. health counseling. health education. health knowledge.
health education. Any combination of planned experiences based on sound theories that provide individuals, groups, and communities the opportunity to acquire the information and skills needed to make quality health decisions is known as health education. This process involves several key components including the use of teaching-learning strategies.
Which of the following interventions can be appropriately applied by the nurse, after clarifying behaviors which the person is willing to change? Select all that apply. Motivate using personalized messages. Assess and offer resources to decrease barriers to change. Implement compliance as a condition of continued care. Assess and increase self-efficacy. Enlist persons from the same culture to apply pressure for healthy choices.
-Motivate using personalized messages. -Assess and offer resources to decrease barriers to change. -Assess and increase self-efficacy. After clarifying behaviors that a person is willing to change, the nurse can use the following framework for developing interventions for behavior change: Assess the behavior. Educate about the need for and benefits of change. Motivate using personalized messages. Assess and increase self-efficacy. Assess and offer resources to decrease barriers to change. Assist with goal setting to modify behavior. Practice the skills needed to change behavior. Plan ways to monitor and maintain the behavior change. Theories of health behavior change are at the heart of health education. The theories presented in this section help the nurses to assess an individual's stage in the behavior change process and to develop appropriate teaching plans. The goals of the teaching plans and the strategies selected will differ depending on the factors affecting the individual's readiness to learn and to change.Nurses must never lose sight of the principle of patient autonomy. For that reason choices c and e are incorrect. We don't pressure patients and we don't make care contingent upon compliance. Per the text, choices about health care practices belong to individuals, not health care providers. All competent persons have the right to autonomous choice. Nurses should respect decisions made by persons and families, even when the choice is not what the nurse might do or suggest or is considered "unhealthy."
What are some of the components of the Health Belief Model that can assist nurses in determining the probability of an individual to make change? Select all that apply. External pressure to change The value of health as determined by significant others Perceived susceptibility to a health problem, disease, or complications Perceived seriousness of disease Risk factors of disease attributed to heredity, race, or culture
-Perceived susceptibility to a health problem, disease, or complications -Perceived seriousness of disease -Risk factors of disease attributed to heredity, race, or culture The Health Belief Model is a paradigm used to predict and explain health behavior. It can assist the nurse in formulating an action plan that meets the needs and capabilities of the individual making health behavior changes. Nurses utilize the following guidelines to analyze the probability of a person making an appropriate plan of action: Individual perceptions or readiness for change The value of health to the individual compared with other aspects of living Perceived susceptibility to a health problem, disease, or complications Perceived seriousness of the disease level threatening the achievement of certain goals or aims Risk factors to a disease attributed to heredity, race or culture, medical history, or other causes Perceived benefits and barriers of health action The Health Belief Model does not involve concepts of external pressure to change. Neither does it concern what significant other's perceive. The model deals with health beliefs from the patient's perspective.
Which of the following statements accurately describe one of the five stages of health-related behavior change according to the Transtheoretical Model (TTM)? Select all that apply. Sustained change over time occurs in the contemplation phase. When a person is considering the adoption of a change within the next 6 months, she or he is said to be in the precontemplation phase. Small, sporadic changes occur in the planning phase, as the individual is seriously thinking about making a change within the next month. In the action phase, the person has made behavior change which has persisted for 30 days. Maintenance begins 6 months after the action has started and continues indefinitely.
-Small, sporadic changes occur in the planning phase, as the individual is seriously thinking about making a change within the next month. -Maintenance begins 6 months after the action has started and continues indefinitely. The Transtheoretical Model (TTM), or the stages of change model, is useful for determining where a person is in relation to making a behavior change. The TTM proposes that behavior change progresses through five stages regardless of whether the person is quitting or adopting a behavior. The five stages are: Precontemplation: A person is not thinking about or considering quitting or adopting a behavior change within the next 6 months (not intending to make changes). Contemplation: A person is seriously considering making a specific behavior change within the next 6 months (considering a change). Planning or preparation: A person who has made a behavior change is seriously thinking about making a change within the next month (making small or sporadic changes). Action: The person has made a behavior change and it has persisted for a period of 6 months (actively engaged in behavior change). Maintenance: The period beginning 6 months after action has started and continuing indefinitely (sustaining the change over time).
Nurses play an active role in __ individuals to make their own informed decisions about health care. empowering coercing persuading directing
-empowering Applying principles of respect, autonomy, justice, and beneficence, nurses have an active role as advocates in empowering individuals to make their own informed decisions about their health and care. The nurse works as partner, facilitator, and resource for the care recipient and family. Choices about health care practices belong to individuals, not health care providers. All competent individuals have the right to autonomous choice. Nurses should respect decisions made by persons and families, even when the choice is not what the nurse might do or suggest, or is considered "unhealthy," and avoid labeling them as noncompliant.
Nurses provide health education to people to assist them in achieving a goal of: Select all that apply. enhanced wellness. physician-directed care. lifestyle behaviors to prevent chronic illness. admission to tertiary-care facilities. Improved health literacy. patient empowerment.
-enhanced wellness. -lifestyle behaviors to prevent chronic illness. -Improved health literacy. -patient empowerment. The goal of health education is to help individuals, families, and communities achieve, through their own actions and initiative, optimal states of health. Health education facilitates voluntary actions to promote health. Another important goal of health education is improving health literacy.Health education encourages positive, informed changes in lifestyle behaviors that prevent acute and chronic disease, decrease disability, and enhance wellness. Another goal of health education that may foster successful changes in health behavior is empowerment. People who believe that they can make a difference in health and who are involved in decision-making are more likely to make changes.Changes in health behaviors that are related to health education help prevent disease and disability. Two main objectives of health education and counseling are to change health behaviors and to improve health status. Information alone does not change behavior.Health education and health counseling are mutually supportive activities. Health educators often use one-to-one and group counseling techniques as strategies for active health learning. Counselors may refer people to health-education resources or assist them in acquiring information pertinent to solving a health problem.
Working families with an income too low to purchase health insurance and too high to qualify for Medicaid would be an example of which of the following issues? Low health literacy Health disparity Federally subsidized health care Poor quality health care
Health disparity Health disparities are systematic, potentially avoidable health differences that adversely affect socially disadvantaged groups. Groups affected are those with characteristics such as race/ethnicity, skin color, religion, language, or nationality; socioeconomic resources or position; gender, sexual orientation, or gender identity; age; physical, mental, or emotional disability or illness; geography; political or other affiliation; or other characteristics that have been linked historically to discrimination or marginalization. Examples of public health interventions to reduce health disparities in the United States include vaccines for children (VFC); "Many Men, Many Voices," for black men who have sex with men; "Healthy Love," to reduce risk of HIV in heterosexual black women; and an initiative to reduce motor vehicle accidents in four Native American nations.Health literacy refers to the patient's ability to obtain and utilize health care information. Medicaid would be a form of subsidized health care, however, the family income is too high to qualify. There is not sufficient information to state that the family is receiving poor quality health care. They will need to pay for whatever health care they need but the quality of that care may be up to standard.
The communication of health information in a manner which is clear and understandable fosters which of the following? Empowerment Health literacy Health disparities Health education
Health literacy Health literacy is defined as "the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions." Health literacy includes the ability to read, write, speak, listen, compute, and comprehend, and to apply those skills to health situations. Empowerment is a goal of health education where successful change is fostered in people to promote healthful changes. Health disparities are health differences that adversely affect socially disadvantaged groups. Health education is a process of teaching and learning that encompasses ensuring the understanding of the information delivered.
The nurse incorporates cultural considerations into the health teaching plan by: assessing a person's beliefs. using medical terminology. presenting evidence-based information. explaining that universal health practices are the best.
assessing a person's beliefs. The health professional needs to take the time to assess cultural beliefs that influence social and health practices and make an effort to analyze educational interventions that are acceptable and satisfying to the individual. Social marketing processes and the diffusion of innovations model discussed in the next section help identify characteristics, interests, and concerns of target populations.When teaching people of different cultural, racial, and ethnic groups, the nurse endeavors to provide culturally sensitive education. Nurses recognize that the person's or group's background, beliefs, and knowledge may differ significantly from their own and seek to understand and show respect for these differences.
A hospital creates a Facebook page for the bariatric surgery program. The owner of the site posts healthy recipes, lifestyle information, and information about upcoming workshops. This is an example of: health literacy. coercive advertising. a teaching plan. social marketing.
social marketing Social marketing is defined as "a process that uses marketing principles and techniques to influence priority audience behaviors that will benefit society as well as the individual. The process relies on creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for individuals, clients, partners, and society at large." The primary objective of social marketing is to change behavior. Social marketing provides a strategy for reaching members of the group and implementing a service that will satisfy these members as consumers.Social marketing communication reaches beyond the individual level to influence social conditions, policy, legislation, and normative group behavior. Key attributes of a social marketing approach are the offering of benefits and the reduction of barriers to influence the target group's behavior. Social marketers attempt to modify the attractiveness of specific behavioral options to favor one choice over competing alternatives. The systematic approach to understanding and responding to specific audience characteristics makes the messages more appealing. Social marketing strategies could be used in designing programs for health promotion (tobacco use, obesity), injury prevention (seatbelt wearing, gun storage), and environmental protection (pesticides, water conservation). Any information about the target population that is generated by social marketing strategies will improve the nurse's ability to develop effective educational interventions.Health literacy pertains to an individual's ability to obtain and assimilate health information. The teaching plan would be created after the planning for the seminar or courses are under way. This type of marketing would not be considered coercive because it is up to the individual to respond to the information.
