Health Informatics

What are the advantages of mobile technology in e-research? (select all that apply) -Small form factor -Mobile status -Very short battery life -Much faster to input than paper-based check box forms

-Small form factor -Mobile status

Which one of the following is an attribute of an open access journal? -Free access for readers -Free for authors to publish -Easy searchable -Evidence based

-Free access for readers

Which of the following statements are true regarding OpenClinica? (select all that apply) -Free -Open source -E-case report forms -Will import and export in multiple formats

-Free -Open source -E-case report forms -Will import and export in multiple formats

Select known barriers to telemedicine. (select all that apply) -Limited reimbursement -No national telemedicine organizations -Lack of standards -Interstate licensure laws

-Limited reimbursement -Lack of standards -Interstate licensure laws

Which of the following are limitations of paper-based research, compared to e-research? (select all that apply) -Paper forms are difficult to create -Paper forms are more difficult to share -Paper forms require more storage space -Paper forms lack automatic data validation

-Paper forms are more difficult to share -Paper forms require more storage space -Paper forms lack automatic data validation

What is a receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve used for? (select all that apply) -Provides a performance measurement for regression models -Plots true positives on Y axis against false positives on X axis -Provides a performance measurement for classification models -Displays area under the curve (AUC)

-Plots true positives on Y axis against false positives on X axis -Provides a performance measurement for classification models -Displays area under the curve (AUC)

Confidence intervals can be used for which of the following? (select all that apply) -Precision of the estimate -To compare studies -To determine sample size -To prove cause and effect

-Precision of the estimate -To compare studies -To determine sample size

The eHealth Exchange will include which of the following partners? (select all that apply) -Federal agencies - Joint Commission -Health Information Organizations -The Institute of Medicine (National Academy of Medicine)

Federal agencies Health information organization

Listing from the fastest to the slowest which combination is correct below? -Modem>T1>802.11g>Fiber>DSL -Fiber>802.11n>LTE>DSL -Fiber>modem>T1>DSL>802.11n -T1>DSL>fiber>modem>LTE

Fiber>802.11n>LTE>DSL

Health Information Organizations (HIOs) should be considered part of what overall system or network? CCHIT CCD NwHIN or eHealth Exchange EHRs

NwHIN or eHealth Exchange

EHRs have the potential to save money through which of the following mechanisms? (select all that apply) -Improved patient satisfaction -Decreased cost related to record storage -Improved coding -Reduced transcription costs

Decreased cost related to record storage Improved coding Reduced transcription costs

Studies using predictive analytics to analyze hospital readmissions have had mixed results. True or False? -True -False

True

Telepsychiatry is well received by most patients. -True -False

True

Text messaging has been used for reminders and chronic disease. True or False? -True -False

True

The NCBI is part of the National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Medicine. -True -False

True

The REDCap e-research platform includes an online survey tool. -True -False

True

The continuity of care document (CCD) utilizes the clinical document architecture (CDA). -true -false

True

Why are CPGs important? (select all that apply) - Medical care in the United States is non-standardized -CPGs may help in chronic disease management -Best care practices may save money -CPGs are mandatory by Medicare

- Medical care in the United States is non-standardized -CPGs may help in chronic disease management

Which of the following represents a datum? -ICD-9 -14 -HL7 -Chest x-ray

-14

MedlinePlus is an example of which type of content? -Aggregated -Annotated -Full text -Bibliographic

-Aggregated

Which of the following is NOT a SQL command? -Create -Read -Delete -Alter

-Alter

What are important enterprise-level issues related to smartphones? (select all that apply) -Answer Infection control -Security -Device loss -Who owns the data on the phones?

-Answer Infection control -Security -Device loss -Who owns the data on the phones?

Which one of the following has been an instrumental in mobile technology app development? -Email -Application programming interface (API) -Machine learning -Bluetooth

-Application programming interface (API)

Market basket analysis is an example of what category of descriptive analytics? -Sequence rules -Clustering -Association rules -Regression

-Association rules

MEDLINE is an example of which type of content? -Aggregated -Annotated -Full text -Bibliographic

-Bibliographic

Which of the following are under the purview of public health informatics? (select all that apply) -Bioterrorism -Infectious disease outbreaks -Natural disasters -Malpractice

-Bioterrorism -Infectious disease outbreaks -Natural disasters

What are reasons CPGs face adoption problems? (select all that apply) -Not enough CPGs available on the Internet -Cost to purchase is too high -CPGs may be too long -No uniform level of evidence (LOE)

-CPGs may be too long -No uniform level of evidence (LOE)

Gene/DNA manipulation may prove useful for which of the following situations? (select all that apply) -Cancer treatment -Waste processing -Drought and disease resistant plants -Developing personalized drugs

-Cancer treatment -Waste processing -Drought and disease resistant plants -Developing personalized drugs

When discussing database systems what does a "one to one relationship" refer to? -The ACID model -Table normalization -Cardinality -The number of tables

-Cardinality

Select the reasons telehomecare is gaining traction as part of medical delivery models. (select all that apply) -Chronic diseases are on the rise -Audio-video telecommunications has improved -There are now simple networks to transmit home data to a central location -Cheaper to pick up problems at home and prevent hospital admissions

-Chronic diseases are on the rise -Audio-video telecommunications has improved -There are now simple networks to transmit home data to a central location -Cheaper to pick up problems at home and prevent hospital admissions

Which of the following statements are true about the Biosense program? (select all that apply) -Created by the CDC -Considered classified information -Cloud based program -Part of the National Syndromic Surveillance Program (NSSP)

-Created by the CDC -Considered classified information -Part of the National Syndromic Surveillance Program (NSSP)

Select the correct statement regarding ResearchMatch -Created for patients -Created for researchers -Created for both

-Created for both

What are considered good reasons to learn EBM? (select all that apply) -Current information is heavily influenced by pharmaceutical companies -Much of what is currently practiced medically is not supported by high quality medical studies -It is very difficult to stay up to date -EBM will answer all questions

-Current information is heavily influenced by pharmaceutical companies -Much of what is currently practiced medically is not supported by high quality medical studies -It is very difficult to stay up to date

Which of the following are reasons that the Web encourages e-research collaboration? (select all that apply) -No audit trail -Data access from multiple organizations -Can't be exported to statistical software programs -Role based security can be designated

-Data access from multiple organizations -Role based security can be designated

Which of the following are advantages of web-based forms? (select all that apply) -Easier to share with outside collaborators -Less expensive than paper to create -Data validation is possible -Only requires a web browser to access

-Easier to share with outside collaborators -Data validation is possible -Only requires a web browser to access

Select the following technologies that facilitate e-research. (select all that apply) -Electronic health records -Health information organizations -Electronic forms -Telegraph

-Electronic health records -Health information organizations -Electronic forms

Which of the following statements are true about mHealth in low and middle-income countries? (select all that apply) -Evaluation studies are often short team -Many consumers owned a smartphone and never owned a landline phone -Text messaging is the least important feature -Major challenge is competing priorities

-Evaluation studies are often short team -Many consumers owned a smartphone and never owned a landline phone -Major challenge is competing priorities

Select all attributes of an ideal CPG (select all that apply) -Evidence based -Considers important patient outcomes -Level of evidence available -Addresses patient values and preferences

-Evidence based -Considers important patient outcomes -Level of evidence available -Addresses patient values and preferences

Which of the following are limitations of EBM? (select all that apply) -Experts don't always agree -High quality studies may not be available for every issue -Some feel that EBM may result in "cookbook medicine" -Different levels of evidence are used by different organizations

-Experts don't always agree -High quality studies may not be available for every issue -Some feel that EBM may result in "cookbook medicine" -Different levels of evidence are used by different organizations

Normalizing data is considered a part of what process in data analysis? -Data pre-processing -Exploratory data analysis -Data modeling -Data visualization and communication

-Exploratory data analysis

A disadvantage of electronic case report forms is that they are more expensive to use for more subjects. -True -False

-False

Clinical research informatics is a sub-domain of computational biology. -True -False

-False

Which of the following are obstacles to widespread genetic prediction? (select all that apply) -Genetic testing must be highly sensitive and specific -Genetic information must be highly secure -Genetic information is most valuable for rare diseases -There are not enough geneticists and genetic counselors

-Genetic testing must be highly sensitive and specific -Genetic information must be highly secure -There are not enough geneticists and genetic counselors

Which of the following information technologies or platforms may be important to public health reporting? (select all that apply) -Health information organizations -Nationwide Health Information Network -Electronic health records -Voice recognition

-Health information organizations -Nationwide Health Information Network -Electronic health records

Select a good starting point for hospitals to create or use an existing CPG. (select all that apply) -High cost diseases -High volume diseases -Patient safety areas -High litigation area

-High cost diseases -High volume diseases -Patient safety areas

Which of the following statements is true about Apple HealthKit? (select all that apply) -Also works with Android OS -It is a software development kit or SDK -Based on APIs -Also works on Apple Watch OS

-It is a software development kit or SDK -Based on APIs -Also works on Apple Watch OS

Which of the following statements is true concerning the absolute risk reduction? -It is usually larger than the relative risk reduction -It is the difference between the experimental event rate (EER) and the control event rate (CER) -When multiplied by 100 you get the number needed to treat -It is used to calculate return on investment

-It is the difference between the experimental event rate (EER) and the control event rate (CER)

Which one of the following is true about pharmacogenomics? -It studies genetic information looking for new targets for drugs -It studies how genes can be manipulated for better drug effect -It studies how genetic information determines drug allergies -It studies how drugs affect genetic material

-It studies genetic information looking for new targets for drugs

What tests/algorithms are shared between statistics and machine learning? -Bayes, decision trees, neural networks -Linear regression, logistic regression, neural networks -Bayes, linear regression, logistic regression -Linear regression, logistic regression, decision trees

-Linear regression, logistic regression, decision trees

Which one of the following statements is true about the human genome? -Humans have a single unit of 23 chromosomes -Humans have about 700,000 genes -Males have an X and Y chromosome and females have two X chromosomes -Genetic variations are extremely rare

-Males have an X and Y chromosome and females have two X chromosomes

Which of the following is considered secondary knowledge-based information? (select all that apply) -Medical blog -Editorial in medical journal -Article in the New England Journal of Medicine -Textbook

-Medical blog -Editorial in medical journal -Textbook

Gender is an example of what type of data? -Nominal -Ordinal -Interval -Ratio

-Nominal

What characteristics are associated with parametric data? -Normal distribution and utilizes mode -Normal distribution and utilizes mean, mode and median -Abnormal distribution and utilizes mode -Abnormal distribution and utilizes mean, mode and median

-Normal distribution and utilizes mean, mode and median

Which of the following is the correct definition of precision? -Number of retrieved and relevant documents divided by the number of documents retrieved -Number of documents retrieved divided by the number of retrieved and relevant documents -Number of relevant documents divided by the recall of the documents -Number of retrieved and relevant documents multiplied by the number of relevant documents in the database

-Number of retrieved and relevant documents divided by the number of documents retrieved

Which of the following is the correct definition of recall? -Number of retrieved and relevant documents multiplied by the number of relevant documents in the database -Number of relevant documents in a database divided by the number of retrieved and relevant documents -Number of retrieved and relevant documents divided by the number of relevant documents in the database -Number of relevant documents divided by the precision of the documents

-Number of retrieved and relevant documents divided by the number of relevant documents in the database

Radiology and dermatology often use which telemedicine transmission mode? -Store and forward -Real time -Remote monitoring

-Store and forward

Page Rank is an example of automatic indexing by Google. Select the correct statement about page ranking. -Ranks based on how common a web page is -Ranks based on how up to date a web page is -Ranks based on how often a page is cited by other pages -Ranks based on the number of tags

-Ranks based on how often a page is cited by other pages

Weight is an example of what type of data? -Nominal -Ordinal -Interval -Ratio

-Ratio

Which data standard is likely to be used by electronic health records for genetic information? -HL7 -ICD-10 -LOINC -SNOMED-CT

-SNOMED-CT

Which of the following communication modes can be considered telemedicine? (select all that apply) -Secure patient-physician e-mail -Phone call for physician to patient -Psychiatrist contacting patient at home using Skype -E-ICUs

-Secure patient-physician e-mail -Phone call for physician to patient -Psychiatrist contacting patient at home using Skype -E-ICUs

What are the forces behind teleneurology? (select all that apply) -Shortage of neurologists willing to see emergency patients -Ability to have neurologists remotely access imaging studies -Medicaid covers teleneurology -National standard of treating stroke victims within 3 hours

-Shortage of neurologists willing to see emergency patients -Ability to have neurologists remotely access imaging studies -National standard of treating stroke victims within 3 hours

List the reasons virtual intensive care units have appeared on the medical scene. (select all that apply) -Shortage of nurses -Shortage of intensivists -The desire to decrease ICU mortality and length of stay -Larger ICU monitors

-Shortage of nurses -Shortage of intensivists -The desire to decrease ICU mortality and length of stay

Select the primary reasons telemedicine is gaining in popularity. (select all that apply) -Shortage of specialists -Shortage of physicians in remote rural area -Technology has become simpler and less expensive -Insurance coverage is universal

-Shortage of specialists -Shortage of physicians in remote rural area -Technology has become simpler and less expensive

Define a data mart -An enterprise clinical data warehouse -Where data is sold -Where analytics are not performed -Small data warehouse where the focus is on one subject area

-Small data warehouse where the focus is on one subject area

Define standard deviation -Variance squared -Mean divided by .05 -Square root of the variance -Square root of the mean

-Square root of the variance

Which of the following are challenges to global public health informatics? (select all that apply) -Widespread indifference -Systems need to integrate zoonotic with human data -Inability to handle massive outbreaks of disease -Better diagnostic tools

-Systems need to integrate zoonotic with human data -Inability to handle massive outbreaks of disease -Better diagnostic tools

Which of the following is not a skill set required by data scientists? -Telecommunications expertise -Big data expertise -Programming expertise -Database systems expertise

-Telecommunications expertise

Which one of the following statements is false regarding the Human Genome Project? -It finished ahead of time -The goal was to do DNA sequencing on all 23 chromosomes -The ethical, social and legal issues were not reported -Huge relational databases are necessary for analysis of the data

-The ethical, social and legal issues were not reported

Which one of the following statements is true about public health? -It is involved with personal health issues -Its main focus is on state-level health issues -The focus is on population health -Most electronic health records automatically generate public health reports

-The focus is on population health

What is the most common type of study that addresses medical questions? -Prognosis -Diagnosis -Harm -Therapy

-Therapy

The null hypothesis means which of the following? -There is no statistical difference between the means of two different observations -The p value is less than .05 -Not enough information to calculate an answer -There is a statistical difference between the means of two different observations

-There is no statistical difference between the means of two different observations

Microsoft HealthVault is an untethered PHR. -True -False

-True

This highest level of medical study in the evidence pyramid is the meta-analysis. -True -False

-True

Those medical apps related to treatment or clinical decision support will require FDA approval. True or False? -True -False

-True

Which of the following statements is true of the Public Health Information Network? (select all that apply) -Specific secure network -Uses the Internet -Currently consists of multiple disparate programs -Same as the Nationwide Health Information Network (NHIN)

-Uses the Internet -Currently consists of multiple disparate programs

What do you need to consider when appraising evidence? (select all that apply) -Whether the study is believable or valid -Are the results truly significant -Whether the article includes an abstract and acknowledgement section -Are the results applicable to the average patient population?

-Whether the study is believable or valid -Are the results truly significant -Are the results applicable to the average patient population?

Data mining is an example of data-based knowledge CDS (True or False?) -True -False

-true

In 2016, what is the approximate percentage of US medical office EHRs which demonstrated meaningful use? -5% -15% -60% -90%

60%

Ethernet is both a cable type and a network description. -True -False

True

The Federal Trade Commission is responsible for the National Broadband Plan. -True -False

False

Traditional telemedicine programs include continuing medical education. -True -False

False

Which one of the following is considered primary knowledge-based information? -Medical blog -Editorial in medical journal -Article in the New England Journal of Medicine -Textbook

Article in the New England Journal of Medicine

Which web service frequently uses XML? -RESTful -SOAP -Both RESTFul and SOAP -Neither

Both Restful and soap

Which data standard supports the sharing of patient summaries? -CCD -SNOMED CT -ICD-10 -LOINC

CCD Continuity of car document

Which of the following are common HIO functions? (check all that apply) -Clinical messaging -Alerts to physicians -Connectivity to EHRs -Electronic prescribing

Clinical messaging Alerts to physicians -Connectivity to EHRs -Electronic prescribing

Select known EHR obstacles (select all that apply) -Little government interest -Slow computer speed -Cost -Altered workflow

Cost Altered workflow

Ethernet networks are faster, less expensive and more secure than wireless networks. -true -false

True

Which one of the following is a sentinel surveillance system? -Behavioral risk factor surveys -Electronic health record alert for elevated cholesterol -Designated location that can generate high quality data that may predict a larger population -Emergency room visit for fever

Designated location that can generate high quality data that may predict a larger population

BioSense is a Homeland Security program. -True -False

False

Genomics covers only the human species. True False

False

Which of the following statements is false regarding the LOINC standard? -It is a vocabulary standard -RELMA helps with mapping to LOINC codes -LOINC is divided into lab, clinical and HIPAA sections -LOINC can be purchased from the American College of Physicians

Helps with messaging between labs and outpatient EHRs

Which one of the following is not a syndrome that is part of most syndromic surveillance programs? -Febrile (fever) illness -Rash associated illness -High blood pressure illness -Shock or coma

High blood pressure illness

In order for family histories to be analyzable, the data must be in a computable format. -True -False

True

Which of the following affect transmission performance? (select all that apply) -Jitter -Packets loss -Bandwidth -End-to-end delay

Jitter Packet loss Bandwidth End-to-end delay

Which one of the following is true regarding SNOMED CT? -Maps (links) to LOINC and ICD-9/10 -Currently only used in the US -Provides about the same detail as ICD-9 -Not ready for Meaningful Use

Maps (links) to LOINC and ICD-9/10

Which one of the following is considered the world's largest biomedical research center? -GenBank -The Human Gene Mutation Database -CaBIG -National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)

National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)

Which of the following represent challenges to physicians who are trying to remain current? (select all that apply) -Overload of information -Finding relevant and current information -Internet is too slow to allow information retrieval -Information retention is not an issue

Overload of information Finding relevant and current information

To connect to a wired network, which of the following can be used? (select all that apply) -Phone lines -Power lines -RFID -Ethernet

Phone lines Power lines Ethernet

Which one type of analytics would be used to analyze hospital readmission rates for heart failure? -Opportunistic -Descriptive -Predictive -Prescriptive

Predictive

Which one of the following is NOT true of Bluetooth 5.0? -Requires encryption to work -Has a range of about 100 meters -Doesn't require line of sight -It requires very little power

Requires encryption to work

Which one of the following is NOT clinical decision support? (select all that apply) -Secure messaging -Drug allergy alerts -Reminders for preventive medicine -Calculators

Secure messaging

MeSH is an example of manual indexing. (True or False?) -True -False

True

Most biosurveillance programs have a geographic information system (GIS) component. -True -False

True

Classification models use nominal data as the target or outcome. True or False? -True -False

True

A federated data sharing model implies the data will not reside in a central data repository (CDR). -True -False

True

ICD-10 has which of the following attributes? (select all that apply) Has 10 digit codes Will provide more detail than ICD-9 ICD-10 only exists in the United States ICD-10 was expensive to implement

Will provide more detail than ICD-9

Select the correct statements about smartphone health apps? -Worldwide adoption continues to accelerate -About 24% of apps have more than 50,000 downloads -Consumer health apps are most common -Roughly half of consumer health apps deal with chronic disease

-About 24% of apps have more than 50,000 downloads -Consumer health apps are most common -Roughly half of consumer health apps deal with chronic disease

Why did medical ethics and the Nuremberg Code evolve from the Nuremberg trials? -Because many people died -Because so many people were tortured -Because German physicians were involved in medical experiments -Because euthanasia was a new medical concept

-Because German physicians were involved in medical experiments

Which of the following statements is true concerning order sets (select all that apply) -Can be home grown or purchased -Can integrate with EHRs -There is an HL7 order set standard -Order sets are not allowed in all states

-Can be home grown or purchased -Can integrate with EHRs -There is an HL7 order set standard

Which government agencies/departments have been involved with medical quality and information technology? (select all that apply) -Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services -Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality -Institute of Medicine -Joint Commission

-Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services -Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

Which of the following can help convert information into knowledge? -Unstructured data -Voice recognition -Electronic health records -Clinical data warehouses

-Clinical data warehouses

What technique is considered unsupervised learning? -Clustering -Classification -Regression -Neural networks

-Clustering

Which of the following statements is true? -Computer science tends to deal with data -Informaticians deal primarily with data -Information technology professionals deal mainly with information -Computer science tends to deal with knowledge

-Computer science tends to deal with data

What do Bayesian networks predict? -Risk ratios -Number needed to treat -Linear regression -Conditions probabilities

-Conditions probabilities

Select those factors that have encouraged consumer informatics. (select all that apply) -Consumers are more tech savvy -Patients are frustrated with the current medical system -Privacy and security have gotten so much better -The widespread use of the Internet for medical answers

-Consumers are more tech savvy -Patients are frustrated with the current medical system -The widespread use of the Internet for medical answers

Which of the following standards is used to for sharing images? -HL7 -LOINC -DICOM -IEEE

-DICOM

Select one the main reasons health informatics is difficult -Data are scarce -Data are structured -Data are vague, imprecise and inconsistent -Lack of adequate data warehouses

-Data are vague, imprecise and inconsistent

What are some of the challenges facing data analytics? (select all that apply) -Data may be incomplete -Data may be inaccurate -Cause and effect may be difficult to prove with any data analysis -Time period not long enough

-Data may be incomplete -Data may be inaccurate -Cause and effect may be difficult to prove with any data analysis -Time period not long enough

Which of the following are characteristics of blockchain technology? (select all that apply) -Decentralized technology -Distributed transaction ledger -Secure framework -High profit margins

-Decentralized technology -Distributed transaction ledger -Secure framework

Which of the following statements is true concerning the FHIR standard? (select all that apply) -Developed by HL7 -Based on RESTful API -Can only retrieve documents -Can use XML or JSON for data representation

-Developed by HL7 -Based on RESTful API -Can use XML or JSON for data representation

What are the potential benefits of CDS? (select all that apply) -Dissemination of expert knowledge -Improvement in patient safety -Improvement in population health -More effective telemedicine

-Dissemination of expert knowledge -Improvement in patient safety -Improvement in population health

Which one of the following is a true statement? -Early CDS programs were linked to electronic medical records -Early CDS programs are popular today -Early CDS programs were often based on rules and/or the Bayes approach -Early CDS programs could be easily shared

-Early CDS programs were often based on rules and/or the Bayes approach

Select the most likely source of data for a clinical data warehouse -Electronic health records -E-mail -The Internet -The intranet

-Electronic health records

In the Institute of Medicine's second report which of the following were promoted to improve healthcare? (select all that apply) -Information technology infrastraucture -Electronic medical records with clinical decision support -Personal health records -Mobile technology

-Electronic medical records with clinical decision support -Personal health records -Mobile technology

Which of the following represents healthcare information? -Elevated fasting blood sugar and HbA1c providing diabetes -26 -Jpg -MP3

-Elevated fasting blood sugar and HbA1c providing diabetes

A breach in ethics is always associated with breaking the law. True or False? -True -False

-False

Software cost is the number one reason physicians infrequently communicate with their patients via e-mail. -True -False

-False

There is a standard informed consent form used by most countries. True or False? -True -False

-False

Which one of the following is not a feature of most patient web portals? -Secure m -Online appointments -Patient education -Family genealogy

-Family genealogy

Which one of the following is NOT a barrier to the adoption of health information technology? -Governmental support -Cost of technology -Interoperability -Physician resistance

-Governmental support

Which of the following represents healthcare knowledge? -14 -ICD-9-CM code of 250.0 -HIV infections leads to opportunistic infections -ICD-10-CM code of B20

-HIV infections leads to opportunistic infections

Which of the following statements is true about ELINCS? -It is essential for billing -Helps with diagnosis -Helps with messaging between labs and outpatient EHRs -It is part of LOINC

-Helps with messaging between labs and outpatient EHRs

Production rules or expert systems are based one which of the following? -IF-THEN statements -Bayesian networds -Table based -Configuration

-IF-THEN statements

Which of the following are CDS challenges? (select all that apply) Not supported by national healthcare organizations -Not supported by national healthcare organizations -Interoperability -Labor intensive -Lack of long term proven benefit

-Interoperability -Labor intensive

The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment was terminated for which of the following reasons? -It was discovered by the press -Because of the Nuremberg Code -Because the experiment had ended -Because of the outcome achieved

-It was discovered by the press

Which of the following are considered obstacles to PHRs? (select all that apply) -Lack of a sustainable business model -Lack of interoperability -Privacy and security concerns -Lack of perceived value to all

-Lack of a sustainable business model -Lack of interoperability -Privacy and security concerns -Lack of perceived value to all

What is the most common degree pursued in health informatics? -Associate degree -Certificate -Masters -PhD

-Masters

According to the literature which one of the following is true? -Most patients access their EHR data -Most patients contact their physician several times a month -Most patients who do access their electronic data find it valuable -Most patients utilize e-visits

-Most patients who do access their electronic data find it valuable

Why are healthcare systems analyzing hospital readmission data? (select all that apply) -New Medicare regulations are not reimbursing for readmission for certain diseases -Readmissions are costly -Readmissions must be tracked as part of stage 2 meaningful use -Readmissions must be tracked according to the Joint Commission

-New Medicare regulations are not reimbursing for readmission for certain diseases -Readmissions are costly

Which factors are more likely to make a patient email their physician? (select all that apply) -Older age -Higher education -Higher income -Female gender

-Older age -Higher education -Higher income -Female gender

The Affordable Care Act was associated with which of the following? (select all that apply) -Disease registries -Patient portals -Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute -CMS Innovation Center

-Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute -CMS Innovation Center

What type of decision making is appropriate for CDSSs? (select all that apply) -Preventive measure reminders -Drug-drug interaction alerts -Drug cost when ordering -The imaging modality of choice for knee pain

-Preventive measure reminders -Drug-drug interaction alerts -Drug cost when ordering -The imaging modality of choice for knee pain

To be effective as a healthcare data analyst which skill sets are required? (select all that apply) -Programming skills -Knowledge of statistics -Good communication skills -Domain knowledge

-Programming skills -Knowledge of statistics -Good communication skills -Domain knowledge

Which of the following can be facilitated by clinical data warehouses? (Select all that apply) -Quality measurements -Comparative effectiveness research -Population health -Disease management

-Quality measurements -Comparative effectiveness research -Population health -Disease management

List secondary uses (or re-uses) of healthcare data (select all that apply) -Quality reports -Research -Public health -Stock market

-Quality reports -Research -Public health

What attributes have contributed to mobile technology adoption? (select all that apply) -Small form factor -Internet access -Low cost medical software -2G cellular networks

-Small form factor -Internet access -Low cost medical software

Why are medical calculators an important part of mobile technology? (select all that apply) -Smartphones can calculate quickly -Screen size less of an issue -Reimbursed by Medicare -Mandated by the Joint Commission

-Smartphones can calculate quickly -Screen size less of an issue

Select the current PHR modalities, according to Tang (select all that apply) -Tethered -Autonomous -Standalone -Interconnected

-Tethered -Standalone -Interconnected

Moore's Law pertains to which of the following concepts? -The cost of technology advances exponentially -The number of transistors in a computer chip doubles every 1.5 years -The speed of Internet access doubles every 1.5 years -Moore is less

-The number of transistors in a computer chip doubles every 1.5 years

The IMIA Code of Ethics reviews ethical principles and rules for individuals, professionals and institutions? True or False? -True -False

-True

The VA Blue Button option allows patients to download their CCD. True or False? -True -False

-True

Which of the following characteristics are associated with HIO success? (select all that apply) -Trust in the network -Well thought out business plan -Federal approval -Provide multiple services that have been requested

-Trust in the network -Well thought out business plan -provide multiple services that have been requested

According to the ONC data presented in figure 12.2 what the most common reasons for patients to access data? (select all that apply) -View lab results -View medical problem list -View medications -View insurance coverage

-View lab results -View medical problem list -View medications

Which of the following statements is true? -Information is derived from knowledge -Vocabularies help convert data to information -Computers convert data to information -Computers convert information to data

-Vocabularies help convert data to information

Select one of the main reasons health IT fails -Inadequate marketing by vendors -We are data rich but information poor -HIT is too new -The US is the only country to use HIT

-We are data rich but information poor

Which data standards are related to diagnoses? (select all that apply) -HL7 -ICD-10 - SNOMED CT - CPT

-icd -10 -SNOMED CT

HL7 is a data standard for messaging for which of the following? (select all that apply) -Lab results interface -Authentication -Security -Electronic health records

-lab results -electronic health records

On average, for every 1 hour spent on clinical care how much time is spent on the EHR documenting care? -1/2 hour -4 hours -2 hours -1 hour

2 hours

Medical studies suggest that laboratory results are missing in paper charts approximately what percent of the time? -5% -20% -50% -70%

20%

Medical studies suggest that paper charts, on average, are missing what percent of the time? -5% -20% -50% -75%

20%

What is information brokerage? -Medical data repository -Bi-directional sharing of information -Marketing of health information -Use of information by IT staff

Bi-directional sharing of information

Which of the following is true regarding Evaluation & Management Codes? (select all that apply) Used primarily for diagnosis Can be automatically generated Will help justify billing level or CPT Used for personal health record

Can be automatically generated Will help justify billing level or CPT

Which of the following are accurate statements about the results of the meaningful use (MU) program? (select all that apply) -Reports are mixed -MU tends to help processes and not patient outcomes -MU program reduced ICU mortality -MU program cost 10 million US dollars

Reports are mixed MU tends to help processes and not patient outcomes

Which of the following is not a type of electronic registry that could be part of an EHR? (select all that apply) -Chronic disease -Immunizations -Cancer -Return on investment (ROI)

Return on investment (ROI)

A Global Area Network (GAN) is associated with which of the following attributes? (select all that apply) -Will be slower but less expensive than WiFi -Does not require cell tower technology -Same as 5G network -Same as broadband

Same as broadband

The health information network is comprised of which of the following features. (select all that apply) -Standards -Specifications -Policies -T-1 lines

Standards -Specifications -Policies

What is data science? -Use of statistics -Computer science -Understanding of the data and domain -All of the above

All of the above

What is text mining? -Analysis of Microsoft plain text documents -Data mining of unstructured data -Data mining of only big data -Same as business intelligence

Data mining of unstructured data

Select the one feature not found in most drug look up programs? -Drug cost -Drug-drug interaction -Drug addiction programs -Drug warnings

Drug addiction programs

All RHIOs are regional. -True -False

False

Data analytics can't be used in the genomics field due to large data sets. True or False? -True -False

False

Which one of the following is NOT a driving force for the adoption of health information technology? -Natural diffusion of technology into the medical field -Lower healthcare costs -Improved medical quality -Improved Joint Commission Scores

Improved Joint Commission Scores

Select factors that might help merge bioinformatics with health informatics -Save costs -Both use online courses -Master degrees for both -Incorporation of genetic information into the electronic health record

Incorporation of genetic information into the electronic health record

Which organization has been the leader in promoting information technology to decrease medical errors? -Institute of Medicine -Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services -Department of Health and Human Services -Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Institute of Medicine

What is the greatest obstacle to establishing a Health Information Organization (HIO)? Select only one answer -Long term business plan -Cooperation among partners -Physician participation Payer participation Data standards

Long term Business Plan

Which of the following are advantages of the application service provider (ASP) model? (select all that apply) -Lower initial costs -Decreased need for in-house IT support -Improved speed -Better warranties

Lower initial costs Decreased need for in-house IT support

Direct secure messaging is a "push" technology application. -True -False

True

RESTful services is less complicated than web services based on SOAP. -True -False

True

Which network is likely to be used by a physician accessing his/her work EHR remotely? -PAN -VPN -VoLAN -GAN

VPN