Health informatics
Tacit knowledge is easy to convey, transmit, or share. T/F
F
Projects are static, and typically few or no changes occur during the SDLC. T/F
FALSE
The OOSD model is a highly linear approach. T/F
FALSE
Information science is the science of information, studying the application and usage of information and knowledge in organizations and the interfacings or interaction between people, organizations, and information systems. True False
T
Processed data is information when it has meaning. True/False
T
_______ is an analytic, logical process with the ultimate goal of forecasting or prediction. a) Data mining b) Knowledge discovery c) Data exploration d) Big data
A: Data mining
________ is possible because data mining looks at the data from different vantage points, aspects, and perspectives and brings new insights to the data set. a) Information prediction b) Knowledge discovery c) Data exploration d) Big data
B: Knowledge discovery
Healthcare does not generate big data. T/F
F
Information science and computational tools are of little value in enabling the processing of data, information, and knowledge in health care. T/F
F
Health information organizations (HIOs) have been established to support data sharing via health information exchanges (HIE) promoted by the meaningful use criteria of the electronic health record (EHR). T/F
T
Big data is the process of using software to sort through data to discover patterns and ascertain or establish relationships T/F
T
The knowledge used to develop and glean knowledge from valuable information is generative (having the ability to originate and produce or generate) in nature. True False
T
The term knowledge discovery is key, as data mining looks at data from different vantage points, aspects, and perspectives and brings new insights to the data set. T/F
T
Unstructured big data resides in text files, which represent more than 75% of an organization's data. T/F
T
Data mining tools scan databases and identify previously hidden patterns. Question options: True False
TRUE
The complete sequencing of the human genome has led to systems biology referred to as omics and has elevated scientists' ability from studying one gene or protein to studying fundamental biological processes. T/F
TRUE
On the biomedical side of informatics, we must be cognizant of the fact that medical data typically are extracted from personal, confidential, and legally protected medical records. The protection of human subjects must be paramount and all ethical, legal, and social issues (ESLI) must be addressed. T/F
True
_______ is an analytic, logical process with the ultimate goal of forecasting or prediction. a) Data mining b) Knowledge discovery c) Data exploration d) Big data
a) Data mining
Which of the following is not a goal of evidence-based practice? a) Improve professional satisfaction b) Decrease practice variability c) Increase patient safety d) Eliminate unnecessary cost
a) Improve professional satisfaction
Linda is an occupational therapist who works for a home health agency based in Pennsylvania, very near the Ohio border. She is assigned to monitor the home telehealth patients for one week to cover for another therapist who is on vacation. Which of the following is true? a) Linda must be licensed to practice occupational therapy in both Pennsylvania and Ohio if telehealth patients are located in both states. b) Linda must be licensed to practice occupational therapy in Pennsylvania because that is where the agency is located. c) Linda must be licensed to practice occupational therapy and be certified as a home telecare therapist in order to provide vacation coverage. d) Linda must be licensed to practice occupational therapy in Pennsylvania because that is where the agency is located and be certified as a home telecare therapist in order to provide vacation coverage.
a) Linda must be licensed to practice occupational therapy in both Pennsylvania and Ohio if telehealth patients are located in both states.
What term refers to the second most commonly used input device manipulated by the user's hand to point, click, and move objects around the computer screen? a) Mouse b) Printer c) Monitor d) Keyboard
a) Mouse
________ is a data-driven method to eliminate defects, waste, or assess quality control issues. It is aimed at decreasing disparities in a business and manufacturing process through dedicated improvements. a) Six Sigma b) CRISP-DM c) SEMMA d) Data exploration
a) Six Sigma
_________ is a data-driven method to eliminate defects, waste, or assess quality control issues. It is aimed at decreasing disparities in a business and manufacturing process through dedicated improvements. a) Six Sigma b) CRISP-DM c) SEMMA d) Data exploration
a) Six Sigma
Presenting a research project at a national conference is an example of: a) disseminating knowledge. b) acquiring knowledge. c) generating knowledge. d) sharing wisdom. e) None of these is correct.
a) disseminating knowledge.
When a healthcare professional uses information from other sources to help reth ink, revise, and apply knowledge to a clinical situation, this is known as: a) feedback .b) knowledge processing. c) knowledge engineering. d) inquiry. e) None of these is correct.
a) feedback
Bioinformatics tools: a) help biomedical informaticists and healthcare personnel tackle the analysis of large data sets. b) interpret data. c) provide access to biomedical data for health informaticists. d) None of these is correct.
a) help biomedical informaticists and healthcare personnel tackle the analysis of large data sets.
Patient-centered care means that practitioners should focus on: a) the subjective experience of patients. b) data gathered by technology. c) objective signs and symptoms. d) his or her interpretation of the patient's experience.
a) the subjective experience of patients.
Two ethics approaches that emphasize considerations for human needs and responsibility to meet needs are: a) virtue and care ethics. b) bioethics and casuistry. c) beneficence and care ethics. d) principlism and antiprinciplism.
a) virtue and care ethics.
Which of the following is an example of a professional database? a) Wiki b) CINAHL c) Google d) Skype
b) CINAHL
_______ is done to determine the length, amount, and pattern of exposure to the potentially hazardous material. a) Hazard identification b) Exposure assessment c) Dose-response assessment d) Risk characterization
b) Exposure assessment
The dynamic system development method (DSDM) is: a) a four phase approach. b) highly user oriented during phase 3. c) highly iterative. d) detail-oriented with minimal user involvement.
c) highly iterative.
________ is possible because data mining looks at the data from different vantage points, aspects, and perspectives and brings new insights to the data set. a) Information prediction b) Knowledge discovery c) Data exploration d) Big data
b) Knowledge discovery
What term refers to an external device that yields a hard copy of your documents? a) Mouse b) Printer c) Monitor d) Keyboard
b) Printer
Which of the following creates the information that becomes the basis for knowledge in the field of public health? a) Theoretical analysis of recent research b) The collection and processing of population health data c) Examination of school aged children d) None of these is correct.
b) The collection and processing of population health data
_______ is sometimes thought of as the highest form of common sense, resulting from accumulated knowledge or erudition (deep, thorough learning) or enlightenment (education that results in understanding and the dissemination of knowledge). a) Data b) Wisdom c) Information d) Knowledge
b) Wisdom
Information literacy is: Question options: a) the most important aspect in information discovery, retrieval, and delivery and is the ability to acquire, process, generate, and disseminate knowledge in ways that help those managing the knowledge reevaluate and rethink the way they are understanding and utilizing what they know and have learned. b) an intellectual framework for finding, understanding, evaluating, and using information activities that may be accomplished in part through fluency with information technology and sound investigative methods, but most importantly, through critical reasoning and discernment. c) the basis for forming a commonality to all learning environments, disciplines, and levels of education. d) the use of health informatics in all aspects of clinical practice, research, administration, and education.
b) an intellectual framework for finding, understanding, evaluating, and using information activities that may be accomplished in part through fluency with information technology and sound investigative methods, but most importantly, through critical reasoning and discernment.
Clearing the mind of preconceived notions and expectations based on a patient's diagnosis is known as: a) centered caring. b) bracketing. c) active listening. d) healing consciousness.
b) bracketing.
Knowledge that can be exchanged or shared in the form of data, manuals, product specifications, principles, policies, and theories is known as: a) tacit knowledge. b) explicit knowledge. c) the foundation of knowledge. d) knowledge feedback.
b) explicit knowledge.
A community of practice (CoP) would best be described as: a) groups of people working on a unit in an institution or organization. b) groups of people who share a concern or a passion for something they do and learn how to do it better as they interact regularly. c) groups of people who work together in a specialty area. d) groups of people who share the same educational levels.
b) groups of people who share a concern or a passion for something they do and learn how to do it better as they interact regularly.
The core skill set related to the use of computers, electronic health records, healthcare technologies, and knowledge generation in a discipline is known as: a) informatics wisdom. b) informatics competency. c) the DIKW paradigm. d) essential practice.
b) informatics competency.
When a professional determines the extent of information needed, accesses information effectively and efficiently, and evaluates information sources critically, he or she can be described as: a) an information broker. b) information literate. c) technologically savvy. d) All of these are correct.
b) information literate.
Using knowledge without being consciously aware of what aspect of knowledge we are using at any given moment during our practice is known as knowledge: a) processing. b) transparency. c) feedback. d) management.
b) transparency.
Object-oriented systems development (OOSD) uses object-oriented modeling to represent real: a) institutional objects. b) world objects. c) systems objects. d) user objects.
b) world objects.
Considering principles of cognitive informatics when designing technology interfaces helps to mitigate: a) information processing. b) use of resources. c) human mental workload. d) None of these is correct.
c) human mental workload.
Which of the following web domain suffixes is more likely to contain quality health education material? a) .ca b) .net c) .org d) .com
c) .org
Using a clinical practice guideline as a basis for practice is an example of: a) knowledge processing. b) knowledge generation. c) knowledge application. d) generating wisdom.
c) knowledge application.
Which of the following statements best describes caring as defined by Watson's Theory of Human Caring? a) Caring is cognitive energy focused on changing data into knowledge in a patient encounter. b) Caring is conscious awareness of one's strengths and limitations in a patient encounter. c) Caring is healing consciousness and intentionality to care and promote healing. d) Caring is the focus of the energy on efficient completion of assessment and diagnosis in a patient encounter.
c) Caring is healing consciousness and intentionality to care and promote healing.
Vendor-owned cloud computing might offer the benefit of reduced costs of maintaining hardware and IT support in an individual healthcare system. What is the main reason that cloud computing is not widely accepted in healthcare? a) Concern about vendor support and functionality of the products b) Concern about usability and interoperability of systems c) Concern about information security and privacy d) Concern about data storage and retrieval
c) Concern about information security and privacy
Which one of the following is the component of cognitive science that uses computer modeling through artificial neural networks to try to explain human intellectual abilities? a) Epistemology b) Wisdom c) Connectionism d) Knowledge
c) Connectionism
What term refers to using layered architecture with a protected executive layer that allows additional environment subsystems to be added without affecting the executive layer? a) Security b) Compatibility c) Extensibility d) Portability
c) Extensibility
From which perspective does cognitive science study the mind, intelligence, and behavior? a) Philosophical b) Sociological c) Information processing d) Discipline science
c) Information processing
How would you best describe the throughput or processing components of computers? a) Any software can be used to process information no matter what applications are available on the specific computer. b) The mouse gets all of the user's attention because it must be manipulated. c) Input devices and the computer monitor are examples of visible throughput components. d) None of these is correct
c) Input devices and the computer monitor are examples of visible throughput components.
When a healthcare professional is largely competent in carrying out care, efficient with interventions, but inattentive to communication and nonverbal cues projected by patients and families, we say the professional is: a) fully present. b) demonstrating transcendent presence. c) physically present. d) None of these is correct.
c) physically present.
Clinical data captured electronically and transmitted to another location where it is interpreted by another clinician is known as: a) interactive telehealth. b) remote monitoring. c) store-and-forward telehealth. d) telephony.
c) store-and-forward telehealth.
An emerging technology in healthcare education, simulation, is used to allow students to: a) They all share some characteristics b) It is difficult to find a "pure" experience in any of the genres c) Simulations may have game-like qualities, and virtual worlds may be used to present a simulation d) All of these are correct.
d) All of these are correct.
Clinical decision support systems help users to: a) consider consequences of alternative actions. b) provide stores of information. c) make decisions in unfamiliar circumstances. d) All of these are correct.
d) All of these are correct.
Context of care evidence may be gathered from: Question options: a) audit and performance data. b) the culture of the organization. c) local or national policy. d) All of these are correct.
d) All of these are correct.
Essentially, a computer is: a) an input-output system. b) an electronic information-processing machine that serves as a tool to manipulate data and information. c) a machine that accepts data inputted via a variety of devices, processes data through logical and arithmetic rendering, stores the data in memory components, and outputs data and information to the user. d) All of these are correct.
d) All of these are correct.
Healthcare professionals ethically apply knowledge acquired through: a) education. b) research. c) practices. d) All of these are correct.
d) All of these are correct.
Home care telehealth includes which of the following activities? a) Providing customized patient education in dietary or exercise needs b) Review of results of medical tests and exams c) Assistance to physicians in the implementation of medical treatment protocols d) All of these are correct. e) Both providing customized patient education in dietary or exercise needs and review of results of medical tests and exams
d) All of these are correct.
Reliable information comes from: a) reliable or clean data. b) authoritative sources. c) credible sources. d) All of these are correct.
d) All of these are correct.
Simulation episodes are concluded with: a) instructor feedback. b) debriefing. c) interactive review of the simulated episode by the team. d) All of these are correct.
d) All of these are correct.
Skills related to health information literacy include: a) differentiating between scholarly and popular journals. b) locating and retrieving information from credible sources. c) recognizing a need for information. d) All of these are correct. e) differentiating between scholarly and popular journals and locating and retrieving information from credible sources.
d) All of these are correct.
The scientific basis of practice in a discipline is dependent on: a) gathering and using information. b) applying knowledge to a problem. c) acting with wisdom. d) All of these are correct.
d) All of these are correct.
Transcendent presence requires which of the following? a) Centering and clearing the mind of potential distractions b) Calling the patient by name and using gentle touch to convey interest and responsiveness c) Meditation prior to the patient encounter d) Both centering and clearing the mind of potential distractions and calling the patient by name and using gentle touch to convey interest and responsiveness.
d) Both centering and clearing the mind of potential distractions and calling the patient by name and using gentle touch to convey interest and responsiveness.
A practice council is focused on reducing workarounds related to medication administration. Which approach is likely to be more successful? a) Developing an explicit policy requiring adherence to medication administration guidelines b) Developing an education program to improve understanding of medication administration c) Searching the literature for research studies related to medication administration workarounds d) Collecting data in the institution by asking professionals to journal examples of workarounds
d) Collecting data in the institution by asking professionals to journal examples of workarounds
What term refers to a prime input device resembling a typewriter? a) Mouse b) Printer c) Monitor d) Keyboard
d) Keyboard
Which of the following best describes the central goal of health informatics? a) To foster interdisciplinary collaboration and communication in a healthcare organization b) To promote patient safety and prevent falls by assigning a fall risk number to hospitalized patients c) To increase efficiency of care delivery and help manage costs d) To manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in the delivery of healthcare e) To assist healthcare professionals with obtaining and maintaining clinical competency
d) To manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in the delivery of healthcare
Much of our ______ is unstructured and resides in text files representing more than 75% of an organization's data. This data is not contained in databases and can be easily overlooked. It is important because we can identify patterns and provide meaningful insights. Question options :a) data mining b) knowledge discovery c) data exploration d) big data
d) big data
Much of our ______ is unstructured and resides in text files representing more than 75% of an organization's data. This data is not contained in databases and can be easily overlooked. It is important because we can identify patterns and provide meaningful insights. a) data mining b) knowledge discovery c) data exploration d) big data
d) big data
Psych Info, OTR Seeker, and SpeechBITE are examples of: a) print resources. b) online databases. c) credible information sources. d) both online databases and credible information sources.
d) both online databases and credible information sources.
Health informatics competencies related to using an EHR include all of the following except: a) identify and adhere to discipline-specific classification health-related terminologies for coding of procedures. b) use remote access tools for documentation in the EHR, such as workstation on wheels (WOW), tablets, smartphones, smart-room technology, and telehealth tools. c) use the EHR to exchange information with other providers, coordinate care, avoid duplication of services, promote safe practice, and increase patient satisfaction. d) follow security and privacy policies and procedures for the use of networks, including intranet and Internet.
d) follow security and privacy policies and procedures for the use of networks, including intranet and Internet.
One of the ways that healthcare organizations can utilize informatics for patient education is via: a) brochures. b) group education classes. c) videotapes. d) kiosks.
d) kiosks.
Strategies for active listening include all except: a) getting down to the level of the patient. b) making eye contact. c) giving full attention and restating and clarifying. d) sharing test results.
d) sharing test results.
The most reliable source of research evidence for informing practice is: a) the opinion of experts. b) qualitative research. c) quasi-experimental research. d) the randomized controlled trial.
d) the randomized controlled trial.
A meta-analysis helps to generate new practice evidence and knowledge by: a) combining results of quantitative and qualitative studies. b) examining the theoretical basis of the research literature. c) providing guidelines for designing laboratory-based experiments to generate new evidence. d) using statistical methods to combine the results of several quantitative studies.
d) using statistical methods to combine the results of several quantitative studies.
Computer technology has ushered in what has been called the Information Age, an age when: a) data, information, and knowledge are both accessible and able to be manipulated by more people than ever before in history. b) data and information are both accessible and able to be manipulated by more people than ever before in history. c) knowledge is accessible and able to be manipulated by more people than ever before in history. d) None of these is correct.
data, information, and knowledge are both accessible and able to be manipulated by more people than ever before in history
Epidemiology is: a) identifying things that come upon the people. b) incidence, prevalence, and control of disease. c) case finding. d) case finding and incidence, prevalence, and control of disease. e) All of these are correct.
e) All of these are correct.
Collecting health data in a data warehouse and mining that data for new relationships and new understanding is an example of: a) processing knowledge. b) disseminating knowledge. c) acquiring feedback. d) processing feedback. e) generating knowledge.
e) generating knowledge.
According to Jessup and Valacich (2008), computer-based information systems can be defined as combinations of hardware, software, and telecommunications networks that people build and use to collect, create, and distribute useful data, typically in organizational settings. True/False
T
Bagging is a term for the use of voting and averaging in predictive data mining to synthesize the predictions from many models or methods or the use of the same type of a model on different data. T/F
T
Bioinformatics (BI) is a less mature scientific discipline which aims to research and develop algorithms, computational and statistical techniques which solve biological problems. T/F
T
Data mining is concerned with extracting what is needed, and it applies statistics so that organizations can gain an advantage by manipulating information for practical applications. T/F
T
Data mining tools scan databases and identify previously hidden patterns. T/F
T
Determining the presence of risk factors in community is a key part of a community risk assessment (CRA). Communities may be concerned about which elements in the environment affect or may affect the community's health, the level of environmental risk, and other factors that should be included in public health planning. T/F
T
Dr. John Snow can be designated as the "father" of public health informatics. T/F
T
Exploration begins with exploring and preparing the data for the data mining process. T/F
T
Farr and Cressey (2015) found that intangible tacit knowledge was just as important to the personal perception of quality of performance as more standardized rational measures. T/F
T
Games promote critical thinking and teamwork by pushing students to work together in groups to find answers. T/F
T
Public health informatics (PHI) represents "a systematic application of information and computer science and technology to public health (PH) practice, research, and learning". T/F
T
Which of the following statements is correct about the waterfall model? a) It is one of the newest methods b) Each phase flows back and forth c) It is a sequential development process d) All of these are correct.
c) It is a sequential development process
When students in an online course engage in discussion in an electronic forum, they are involved in which of the following type/s of interaction? a) Learner-interface b) Learner-instructor c) Learner-learner d) Both learner-instructor and learner-learner
c) Learner-learner
Which of the following tools organize information from webpages into simple menus so that the user may choose what they want to view and how they want to view it? a) Blogs b) List-servs c) Portals d) Podcasts
c) Portals
_______ allows users to apply their intellect to accomplish their tasks while the tools housing the information disappear from conscious thought. a) Utility b) Reproducibility c) Transparency d) Verifiability
c) Transparency
Data are dirty when there are errors such as: a) duplicate entries. b) incomplete or outdated records. c) both duplicate entries and incomplete or outdated records. d) None of these is correct.
c) both duplicate entries and incomplete or outdated records.
The joint AHIMA-AMIA task force identified five domains for informatics competencies for all healthcare workers. They are health information literacy, health informatics skills using the EHR, privacy and confidentiality of health information, health information and data technical security, and: a) computer programming. b) software management. c) computer literacy. d) database construction. e) All of these are correct.
c) computer literacy.
A major goal of the eHealth Initiative is to: a) promote technology as a means of improving health information. b) manage health information. c) empower consumers to understand their health needs. d) promote the ability to understand the economics of payment for services.
c) empower consumers to understand their health needs.
The study of informatics provides healthcare professionals with: a) a core skill set related to the use of computers. b) skills related to managing electronic health records and healthcare technologies. c) an understanding of how knowledge is generated in a discipline. d) All of these are correct.
d) All of these are correct.
Which of the following activities are used to build a foundation of knowledge in professional practice? a) Reading research and theory articles b) Attending continuing education programs c) Consulting with expert colleagues and using clinical practice guidelines d) All of these are correct.
d) All of these are correct.
Which of the following statements are correct about the input components of computers? a) They include the keyboard, mouse, joysticks (usually used for playing computer games), game controllers or pads, web cameras (webcams), styluses (often used with tablets or personal digital assistants), image scanners for copying a digital image of a document or picture, or other plug-and-play input devices, such as a digital camera, digital video recorder (camcorder), MP3 player, electronic musical instrument, or physiologic monitors. b) Input devices are the origin or medium used to input text, visual, audio, or multimedia data into the computer system for viewing, listening, manipulating, creating, or editing. c) The two primary input devices on a computer are the keyboard and mouse. d) All of these are correct.
d) All of these are correct.
