Health Promotions and Psychosocial

The nurse is conducting a client interview. Which response by the nurse is an example of back channeling?

"All right, go on..." back channeling involves the use of active listening prompts such as "go on" , "all right", and "uh-huh". these prompts encourage the client to complete the full story

Which is the expected monthly increase in head circumference from 4-6 months of age?

1 cm (0.4 inch)

At which age does the anterior fontanel of the skull close?

12-18 months

Which is the recommended protein intake for preschoolers?

13 g/day 13-19 g/day Children over 2 years cholesterol intake should be less than 300 mg/day Calcium allowance for children 1-3 years is 700 mg

For which pediatric client would the nurse use the Age and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) as a developmental screening tool during a health maintenance assessment?

15 month old toddler client appropriate for pediatric clients from 1 month to 4.5 years of age

What is the minimum acceptable respiratory rate in a normal adolescent?

16 breaths/ minute

At which age is a toddler physiologically and psychologically prepared for toilet training?

22 months

How many days is the neonatal period?

28

Which ages are the most critical for speech development during the preschool years?

3 and 4 years

What is the average height of a 4 year old child?

3 feet, 4.5 inches 2 year old: 2 feet, 10 inches 3 year old: 3 feet, 1.5 inches 5 year old: 3 feet, 7.5 inches

If hearing loss is detected early, proper intervention can help a child achieve normal language development. Which should be the latest age that hearing loss should be detected to ensure that a child achieves normal language development?

3 months If a health care provider detects hearing loss before the child is 3 months old and an intervention is initiated within 6 months, the child can achieve normal language development

Which is the average weight of a 5 year old child?

41 pounds 3: 32 lbs 4: 37 lbs

In which stage of Eriksons theory does the child initiate self-care activities?

Autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt Initiative versus guilt: children like to pretend and try out new roles Integrity versus despair: adults view their lives with a sense of satisfaction Generatively versus self-absorption and stagnation: middle age adults. individuals contribute to future generations through parenthood, teaching, community involvement.

According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, which stage must a 3-year old accomplish?

Autonomy versus shame (18 months to 3 years) industry versus inferiority stage is associated with middle childhood generatively versus stagnation is middle adulthood

At which age would the nurse expect permanent dentition to erupt?

Begins at 5 years

Which age would the nurse teach the parents of a school-age client to expect mandibular second molars to erupt?

Between 11-13 years

In a child with lead poisoning, where is lead stored while remaining inert?

Bones

The nurse is performing a neurologic assessment of an adolescent with a seizure disorder. How would the nurse test cranial nerve XI?

By telling the adolescent to shrug the shoulders The accessory nerve 11 innervates the SCM and trapezius muscle

Which ethnic group has a greater incidence of osteoporosis due to musculoskeletal differences?

Chinese Americans

Which interview technique is the nurse using when asking a client to score his or her pain on a scale from 0-10?

Closed-ended questioning

According to the Piaget's theory, which behavior does a 9-year-old child show?

Concrete Thinking 11 years: logical reasoning birth and 2: object permanence

Which would the nurse ID as a group of hospitalized toddlers most important needs?

Contact with their parents separation anxiety becomes an issue at this age. parents provide sense of security

Which finding in older adult clients is associated with aging?

Decrease in height

The parents of an adolescent treated for allergies privately tell the nurse that they suspect that their child is a hypochondriac. Which therapeutic response would the nurse provide?

Discuss developmental behaviors of adolescents Adolescents are very aware of their changing bodies and become especially concerned with any alteration resulting from illness or injury

Which factors influence vocabulary, speech, and comprehension in preschoolers?

Environment and Cognitive ability

Immediately after birth, a newborn is dried before being placed in skin to skin contact with the mother. Which type of heat loss would this intervention prevent?

Evaporation Radiation: loss of heat to colder solid surfaces that are not in direct contact Convective: loss of heat as a result of contact of the exposure skin with cooler surrounding air currents Conduction: heat loss is a result of direct skin contact with a cold solid object

Which pain scale is used to measure the intensity of pain in preschoolers?

FACES Scale

Which Korotkoff sound represents the diastolic BP in an adolescent?

Fifth 1st: sharp, represents systolic (heard in everyone) 3rd: crisper, more intense tapping 4th: muffles and low. corresponds to diastolic pressure in the toddler

Which hormone aids in regulating intestinal calcium and phosphorous absoprtion?

Glucocorticoids Adrenal glucocorticoids aid in regulating intestinal calcium and phosphorous absorption by increasing or decreasing protein metabolism Insulin: acts with GH to build and maintain healthy bone tissue Thyroxine: increases the rate of protein synthesis in all types of tissues Parathyroid hormone: increases in response to decreased serum calcium concentration and stimulates the bones to promote osteoclastic activity

A 10-year-old child has been working on earning all of the scouting badges. Which of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development is this child achieving?

Industry

According to Erikson's psychosocial stage of development, which developmental conflict affects a 4-year-old child?

Initiative versus guilt preschool child the child will feel guilty if initiative is stifled by others School-age child: conflict versus inferiority Trust versus mistrust: 0-18 months Autonomy versus shame: 18 months to 3 years

Ingestion of which chemicals may cause chemical pneumonia?

Light fluid (hydrocarbons)

Which is a consequence on the neonate of maternal smoking during pregnancy?

Low birth weight smoking causes a decrease in placental perfusion, resulting in a newborn who is small for gestational age

Which education would the nurse provide about the side effects of Hib vaccine?

Low-grade fever

The nurse is assessing a client's nails and finds a slight convex curve at the angle from the skin to nail base of about 160 degrees. Which condition would the nurse suspect?

Normal Finding Clubbing: change in the angle between the nail and the nail base larger than 180 degrees Paronychia: inflammation of the skin at the base of nail Koilonychia: concave curves on the nail

Which statements regarding the adverse effects of immunizations are true?

Oral poliovirus vaccine causes paralytic poliomyelitis swelling of glands in the cheeks and neck is an adverse effect of the measles vaccine Fever and erythema at the injection site are common adverse effects of all vaccines

The nurse is discussing the neurological reflexes seen in an infant with the parents. Which reflex would the nurse state as being present indefinitely?

Parachute appears at 7-9 months and persists indefinitely Landau: appears at 6-8 months and lasts until 12-24 months Body righting appears at 6 months and lasts until 24-36 months. Neck righting appears at 3 months and lasts until 24-36 months

Which type of rehabilitation is an essential component to a client's recovery from Guillain Barre syndrome?

Physical therapy

Which structure is removed during circumscision?

Prepuce, the skin folding over the glans

Which statement is true regarding the physical development of a preschooler?

Preschoolers grow 6.2-7.5 cm per year they grow 5 lbs per year they grow double their length at around 4 years old average weight of a 4 year old is 37 lbs

Which hormone is crucial in maintaining the implanted ovum at its site?

Progesterone

The nurse understands which vaccine may cause intussusception in children?

Rotavirus intussusception: form of bowel obstruction in with the bowel telescopes in on itself

Which stage of development classifies boys and girls as differing very little in terms of size?

School-age during toddler, preschool, and adolescence stages of development boys are often larger than girls

Which toys would the nurse suggest to the parent of a 4-month old infant to help promote the child's growth and development?

Soft squeeze toys 12-24 months: push and pull toys toddler 16 months: nesting toys 12-18 months: banging toys

At which stage of Kohlerg's theory would a child exhibit fear of punishment?

Stage 1 Stage 2: child recognizes that there is more than 1 correct viewpoint Stage 3: individual seeks the approval of and maintains the expectations of one's immediate group Stage 4: an individual expands focus from a relationship with others to societal concerns

Which gross motor skill is found in children between 2 to 4 months of age?

The child can bear weight on forearms when prone

Which statement is true?

The incidence of poisoning is very common in toddlers 18 month: uses 10 words A toddler gains 5-7 pounds each year The toddler engages in parallel play during toddlerhood but also engages in solitary play

During which week of pregnancy does placental development occur?

Third

Which hormone increases the rate of protein synthesis?

Thyroxine

Which is true regarding a toddlers sleep?

Total sleep averages 12 hours a day

which joint is an example of a condyloid joint?

Wrist it is the joint between the radial and carpals

Which age should an infant develop binocularity?

3 to 4 months ability to fixate on one visual field with both eyes simultaneously

The nurse is learning about the shift in total body fluid that occurs from infancy to adulthood. Which percentage of body weight is the weight of extracellular fluid (ECF) in an infant at term?

44% 20% in an adult

How many words would the nurse expect the 3-year old child to acquire each day?

5 to 6

Which blood glucose levels would the nurse ID as hypoglycemia?

68 mg/dL Normal: 72-108 mg/dL

How long will a clients ovum stay viable for fertilization after its release?

72 hours

How many hours of sleep would the nurse recommend for the 11 year old client?

9 10 hours is not recommended for school-age client 5 year old school age client required 11.5 hrs/ night 11-12 hours is not recommended for an 11 year old school-age client

From which client would the nurse expect dramatic physical growth and marked development?

9 -month-old infant

The nurse performs a gross motor skills assessment on an infant. Which age should the infant obtain the ability to crawl?

9 months: starts to crawl along the floor and can pull humself or herself to a standing or sitting position 3 months: lift head and chest and is able to sit erect with support 5 months: can support much of his or her own weight when pulled to standing 7 months: can sit alone without support, can bear his or her full weight on his or her feet, and can hold on to furniture

To which client would the nurse provide education regarding the pubertal growth spurt?

A 12-year old school age female client Male: 14 years

Which personality disorder would the nurse suspect in a client telling a rambling, lengthy, unclear, and overly detailed story about their dog who they say is the president?

A: Schizotypal demonstrate symptoms that are strikingly strange and unusual, such as magical thinking, odd beliefs, strange speech patterns, and inappropriate affect Schizoid: lack of interest in social relationships paranoid: longstanding distrust and suspicion of others based on the belief that others want to exploit, harm, or deceive the person. Histrionic: excitable and dramatic yet often high functioning Borderline: severe impairments in functioning caused by patterns of marked instability in emotional control or regulation, impulsivity, identity or self-image distortions, unstable mood, and unstable interpersonal relationships Narcissistic: feelings of entitlement, an exaggerated belief in one's own importance, and a lack of empathy

Which stage describes the Oedipus complex, according to Freud's theory?

A: Stage 3 (also known as the phallic stage) Stage 2: anal stage Stage 4: latency stage Stage 5: genital stage

The first day of a client's last menstrual period was July 22. Which is the estimated date of birth?

April 29 Naegele's Rule: Last menstural period + 1 year - 3 months + 7 days

Which clinical finding is associated with high-dose lead exposure?

Blindness could indicate the client is suffering from encephalopathy Low dose exposure: hyperactivity, hearing impairment, and mild intellectual deficit

Which transformations occur during the mid-puberty stage of a normally developing adolescent female?

Breast enlargement and growth of pubic hair Late puberty: scanty and irregular menstrual periods Early puberty: first appearance of pubic hair, and increase in normal vaginal discharge, changes in the nipple and areola, and the development of a small big of breast tissue occur during early puberty.

Which term refers to the Cowper gland?

Bulbourethral gland -accessory glands of the male reproductive system Skene glands: part of female reproductive system Bartholin glands: female reproductive system

How does exercise help relieve menstrual discomfort in adolescents?

By reducing ischemia By reducing pelvic discomfort By releasing endogenous opiates

Which of these stages is followed by the society-maintaining orientation, according to Kohlberg's theory?

Good boy-nice girl orientation (stage 3) Stage 4: Society maintaining orientation Stage 5: Social contract orientation Stage 2: Instrumental relativist orientation Stage 1: Punishment and obedience orientation

A female adolescent reports excessive hair growth in the pubic region and under the arms. Which may be responsible for these changes?

High levels of estrogen (in the later stages of puberty generally promote the growth of pubic and axillary hair)

The nurse is educating a couple concerning the process of fertilization. The nurse explains to the couple that which component stimulates the release of estrogen and progesterone after fertilization?

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin After fertilization, HCG stimulates the corpus luteum to produce estrogen and progesterone