Healthcare Informatics Assessment 1

Knowledge dissemination

Distribution and sharing of knowledge.

Report

Documents that contain data or information based on a query or investigation designed to yield customized content in relation to a situation and a user, a group of users, or an organization. Designed to inform, reports may include recommendations or suggestion based on programming and other embedded parameters.

Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

Essential building block of the central processing unit of a computer that digitally performs arithmetic and logical functions

Civil monetary penalties (CMP)

Fines laid out by the Social Security Act, which the Secretary of Health and Human Services can assess fro many types of noncompliant conduct.

Instant message (IM)

Form of real-time communication between two or more people based on typed text conveyed via computer connected over a network.

Video adapter card

A board or card that is inserted or plugged into a computer to provide display capabilities.

Indiana Health Information Exchange (IHIE)

A collaborative effort among institutions in Indiana to provide high-quality patient care and enhance the safety and efficiency of health care.

Consolidated Health Informatics (CHI)

A collaborative effort to adopt health information interoperability standards, particularly health vocabulary and messaging standards, for implementation in federal government systems

Clinical Database

A collection of related patient records stored in a computer system using software that permits a person or program to query the data to extract needed patient information.

Sound card

A computer expansion card that facilitates the input and output of audio signals to and from a computer under control of computer programs. Also known as an audio card.

Main memory

A computer's internal memory.

Electronic health record (EHR)

A computer-based data warehouse or repository of information regarding the health status of a client that is replacing the former paper-based medical record; it is systematic documentation of a client's health status and health care in a secured digital format, meaning that it can be processed, stored, transmitted, and accessed by authorized interdisciplinary professionals for the purpose of supporting efficient, high-quality health care across the client's health care continuum. Also known as electronic medical record.

Summaries

A condensed version of the original designed to highlight its major points.

Massachusetts Health Data Consortium (MHDC)

A consortium of regional health care organizations that collects data, publishes comparative information, supports and promotes electronic standards, educates, and researches.

Relational database

A database that can store and retrieve data very rapidly. "Relational" refers to how the data are stored in the database and how they are organized.

Touchscreen

A display used as an input device for interacting with or relating to the display's materials or content. The user can touch or press on the designated display area to respond, execute, or request information or output.

Federal Health Information Exchange (FHIE)

A federal information technology health care initiative that enables the secure electronic one-way exchange of patient medical information from the department of Defense's legal health information system, the Composite Health Care System, for all separated service members to the Veterans Affairs VistA Computerized Patient Record System. The point of care in veterans' affairs.

Informatics

A field that integrates a speciality's science, computer science, cognitive science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in a speciality's practice.

Next Generation Internet (NGI)

A government project project develop new, faster technologies to enhance research and communication

Universal serial bus (USB)

A means of connecting myriad plug-in devices, such as portable flash drives, digital cameras, MP3 players, graphics tablets, light pens, and so on, using a plug-and-play connection without rebooting the computer

Terabyte (TB)

A measurement term for data storage capacity. One terabyte equals 1,024 gigabytes.

Foundation of Knowledge model

A model proposing that humans are organic information systems constantly acquiring, processing, generating, and disseminating information or knowledge in both their professional and their personal lives. The organizing framework of this text.

Internet 2

A nonprofit consortium that develops and deploys advance network applications and technologies for education and high-speed data transfer purposes. Led by 212 universities, it is also known as University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development.

DIKW paradigm

A paradigm used as the basis of informatics.

Data Mining

A process of utilizing software to sort through data so as to discover patterns and ascertain or establish relationships. This process may help to discover or uncover previously unidentified relationships among the data in a database.

Health informatics (HI)

A speciality that integrates conceptions from a disciplinary science, computer science, information science, and cognitive science to mange and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in the delivery of healthcare.

Competency

A statement of description of goals, skills, or behaviors to be achieved.

Dissemination

A thoughtful, intentional, goal-oriented communication of specific, useful information or knowledge.

Microsoft surface

A windows-based personal computing device. Its light weight and functionality make it especially attractive for point of care use.

Processing

Acting on something by taking it through established procedures so as to convert it from one form to another. Examples include the processing of information into data and the processing of a credit application to get a loan.

Beneficence

Actions performed that contribute to the welfare of others.

Health Level 7 (HL7)

An accredited standards-developing organization that is committed to developing standard terminologies for information technology that support interoperability of health care information management systems.

Nationwide Health Information Network

An agency of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services charged with the development of a safe, secure, interoperable health information infrastructure. Also known as the Nationwide health information network.

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHQR)

An agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services that supports health services and research initiatives.

Casuist approach

An approach to ethical decision making that grew out of examining ethical dilemmas Casuistry is a case-based ethical reasoning method that analyzes the facts of a case in a sound, logical, and ordered or structured manner. The facts are compared to decisions arising out of consensus in previous paradigmatic or model cases

Certified EHR technology

An electronic health record (EHR) that meets specific governmental standards for the type of record involved either an ambulatory EHR used by office-based health care practitioners or an inpatient EHR used by hospitals. the specific standard to be met are set forth in federal regulations.

Care ethics

An ethical approach to solving moral dilemmas encountered in health care that is based on relationships and a caring attitude towards others.

New England Health EDI Network (NEHEN)

An example of an implementation model for building regional health information organization that are functional, sustainable, and growing while reducing administrative costs.

Mainframes

An extremely high-performance computer that is smaller than a supercomputer, used for high-volume, processor-intensive computing. Computers used by some large businesses and/or for scientific processing purposes.

Stakeholder

An individual or group with the responsibility for completing a project and influencing the overall design and that is most impacted by success or failure or the system implementation.

Library Science

An interdisciplinary science that integrates law, applied science, and the humanities to study issues and topics related to libraries (collection, organization, preservation archiving, and dissemination or information resources).

Serial port

An interface for connecting an external device that is capable of receiving only 1 bit at a time, such as a mouse, a modem, and some printers.

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

An organization dedicated to promoting consensus on norms and guidelines related to the assessment of health agencies.

Communication science

Any area of concentration or discipline that studies human communication.

Software

Anything that can be stored electronically. Software is divided into two types: system (includes the operating system and other software necessary for the computer to function) and application software (allows users to complete specific tasks, such as word processor, spreadsheet software, presentation software, database managers, and media players).

Evidence

Artifacts, productions, attestations, or other examples that demonstrate an individual's knowledge, skills, or valued attributes.=

Computer science

Branch of engineering (application of science) that studies the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application and application in computer systems; the study of storage/memory, conversion and transformation, and transfer or transmission of information in machines- that it, computers-through both algorithms and practical implementation problems. Algorithms are detailed, unambiguous action sequences in the design, efficiency, and application of computer systems, whereas practical implementation problems deal with the software and hardware.

Telcommunication

Broadcasting or transmitting signals over a distance from one person to another person or from one location to another location from the purpose of communication.

Output

Changes that exit a system and that can activates or modify processing.

Outcome

Changes, results, and/or impacts from inputtings and processing.

Microprocessor

Chip that integrates the processor onto one circuit, incorporating the functions of the computer's central processing unit. Microprocessors continue to evolve in terms of their processing capacity.

Alternative actions

Choices between two or more options

Social Sciences

Collection of academic and scientific fields or disciplines concerned with the study of the human aspects of our world and environment.

Computer based information system

Combinations of hardware, software, and telecommunications networks that people build and use to collect, create, and distribute useful data, typically in organizational settings.

Synthesis

Combining parts or existing material or ideas into a new entity or concept.

Compliance

Conforming or performing in an acceptable manner; correctly following the rules

Input

Data and information entered into a computer system

Memory

Data stored in digital format; generally refers to random-access memory.

Information

Data that are interpreted, organized, or structured. Data processed using knowledge or data made functional through he application of knowledge.

Clinical Practice Guideline

Informal or formal rules or guiding principles that a health care provider uses when determining diagnostic tests and treatment strategies for individual patients. In the electronic health record, they are included in a variety of ways such as prompts, pop-ups and text messages

Feedback

Input in the form of opinions about or reactions to something such as shared knowledge. In an information system, feedback refers to information from the system that is used to make modifications in the input, processing actions, or outputs.

Cognitive science

Interdisciplinary field that studies the mind, intelligence, and behavior from an information- processing perspective.

Wisdom

Knowledge applied in a practical way or translated into action; the use of knowledge and experience to heighten common sense and insight so as to exercise sound judgment in practical matters. Sometimes thought of as the highest form of common sense, resulting from accumulated knowledge or erudition (deep, thorough learning) or enlightenment (education that results in understanding and dissemination of knowledge). Wisdom is the ability to apply valuable and viable knowledge, experience, understanding, and insight while being prudent and sensible. It is focused on our own minds; it is the synthesis or out experience, insight, understanding, and knowledge. Wisdom is the appropriate use of knowledge to solve human problems. It is knowing when and how to apply knowledge.

Interface

Mechanism or system used by separate things to interact. For example, if one wants to change a CD in a CD player, one could use a remote; the human user is not related to the CD player but can interact with it using the remote control. Therefore, the remote control becomes the interface that enables that person to tell the CD player which CD to play.

User interface

Mechanisms or systems used by people to interact with programs.

Health information exchange (HIE)

Organization that prepare and organizes people and resources to manage health care information electronically across organizations within a community or region.

Information Age

Period at the end of the 20th century, when information was easily accessible using computers, networks, and the Internet.

Chief technical officer (CTO)

Person focused on organizationally based scientific and technical issues and responsible for technological research and development as part of the organization;s products and services.

Chief technology officer (CTO)

Person focused on organizationally based scientific and technical issues and responsible for technological research and development as part of the organization;s products and services.

Chief information officer (CIO)

Person involved with the information technology infrastructure of an organization. this role is sometimes called chief knowledge officer.

Laptop

Portable battery-powered computer that the user can take with him or her. Also known as a notebook.

Application programming interface (API)

Processes used for building software applications

User-friendly

Programs and peripherals that make it easy to interact or use computers. Design of a program to enhance the ease with which the user can utilize and maximize the productivity from computer programs.

Security

Protection form danger or loss. In informatics, one must protect against unauthorized access, malicious damage, and incidental and accidental damage and enforce secure behavior and maintain security or computing, data, applications, information, and networks.

Data

Raw facts that lack meaning

Analysis

Separating a whole into its elements or component parts; examination of a concept or phenomena, its elements, and their relations.

Keyboard

Set of keys resembling an actual typewriter that permits the user to input data into a computer.

Cache memory

Smaller and faster memory storage used by a computer's central processing unit to store copies of frequently used data in main memory

Application (app)

Software used on a smartphone or other mobile device

Internet browser

Software used to locate and display web pages. Also known as Web browser or browser

Bus

Subsystem that transfers data between a computer's internal components or between computers.

Binary system

System used by computers; a numeric system that uses two symbols: 0 and 1.

Rapid Syndromic Validation Project (RSVP)

System where local health care professionals report cases such as influenza. Data are analyzed centrally, and the resulting information is shared with appropriate local authorities in an attempt to identify outbreaks early and prevent the spread of contagious diseases.

Integrated drive electronics (IDE)

Technology where the drive controller is located on the drive itself instead of being a separate controller connected to the mother board of a computer.

Spreadsheet

Text and numbers located in cells on a grid and the software necessary to process formulas and other computations, such as creating graphs and charts.

Access

The ability to examine, explore, or retrieve data and information from an information system or computer program.

Acquisition

The act of acquiring; to locate and hold. We acquire data and information.

Knowledge acquisition

The act of getting knowledge.

Knowledge processing

The activity or process of gathering or collecting, perceiving, analyzing, synthesizing, saving or storing, manipulating, conveying, and transmitting knowledge.

Throughput

The amount of work a computer can do in a given time period; a measure of computer performance that can be used for system comparison.

Bioinformatics (BI)

The application of computer science, and cognitive science principles to biological systems, especially in the human genome field of study; an interdisciplinary science that applies computer and information science to solve biological problems

Knowledge

The awareness and understanding of a set of information and ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or arrive at a decision ; abounds with others' thought and information. Information that is synthesized so that relationships are identified and formalized. Understanding that comes through a process of interaction or experience with the world around us. Information that has judgement applied to it or meaning extracted from it. Processed information that helps to clarify or explain some portion of our environment or world that we can use as a basis for action or on which we can act. Internal process or thinking or cognition. External process of testing, senses, observation, and interacting.

Knowledge generation

The creation of new knowledge by changing and evolving knowledge based on one's experience, education, and input from others.

Supercomputers

The fasters computer; designed to run special applications that require numerous calculations.

Applications

The implementation software of computer system. This software allows users to complete tasks such as word processing, developing presentation, and managing data.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)

The largest health insurer in the United States, particularly for home care services, and for the elderly, for health care services.

Information system (IS)

The manual and/or automated components of a system of users or people, recored data, and actions used to process the data into information for a user, group of users, or an organization.

Synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM)

The most common type of dynamic random-access memory found in personal computers.

Autonomy

The right of an individual to choose for himself or herself.

Information science

The science of information, studying, the application and usage of information and knowledge in organizations and the interfacings or interaction between people, organizations, and information systems. an extensive, interdisciplinary science that integrates features from cognitive science, communication science, computer science, library science, and social sciences.

Bioethics

The study and formulation of health care ethics. Bioethics takes on relevant ethical problems experienced by health care providers in the provision of care to individuals and groups.

Antiprinciplism

Theory that emerged with the expansive technological changes in recent years and the tremendous rise in ethical dilemmas accompanying these changes. Opponents of principlism include those who claim that its principle do not represent a theoretical approach and those who claim that its principle are too far removed from the concrete particularities of everyday human existence ; the principles are too conceptual, intangible, or abstract; pr the principles are disregard or do not take into account a person's psychological factors, personality, life history, sexual orientation, religious, ethnic, and cultural background.

Knowledge worker

Those who work with information and generate information and knowledge as a product.

Document

To capture and save information for later use.

Megabyte (MB)

Unit of measure used to express the amount of data storage and capability in computer systems; 1 megabyte equals 1,000 kilobytes.

Megahertz (MHz)

Unit of measure used to express the speed and power of some components such as the microprocessor.

Information Technology (IT)

Use of hardware, software, services, and supporting infrastructure to manage and deliver information using voice, data, and video or use of technologies from computing, electronics, and telecommunications to process and distribute information in digital and other forms. anything related to computing technology, such as networking,hardware, software, the Internet, or the people who work with these technologies. Many hospitals have such departments for managing the computers, networks, and other technical areas of the health care industry.

Alert

Warnings or additional information provided to clinicians to help with decision making; the action of clinician or system triggers the generation of an alert. Also known as triggers.

Cloud computing

Web browser-based login-accessible data, software, and hardware; could link systems together to reduce cost.