Healthy lifestyles chapter 1

A trait or behavior that a person can actively control, such as eating habits a. modifiable determinant. b. biological determinant. c. social determinant. d. environmental influence.

a

The process of taking small individual steps toward a behavior change goal is a. shaping. b. action. c. journaling. d. preparation.

a

The science of epigenetics studies a. how behavioral choices influence our cells' ability to use genes. b. how genes influence an individual's behavioral choices. c. patterns of inheritance. d. the structure of our genes

a

Which of the following were cited by college students in a national survey as major impediments to performing well academically A. Pressure from parents and family members B. Stress, anxiety, and sleep difficulties C. Repeated strep infections D. Carrying a too-heavy course load

b

Studies associate mindfulness with a. increased religious belief. b. social isolation. c. improvements in memory. d. increased blood pressure.

c

Overall, the leading cause of death for Americans is a. accidents. b. cancer. c. respiratory disease. d. heart disease

d

Manuela joined a group exercise class. Her instructor, who was formerly inactive and overweight, participates with the class and also shares personal fitness strategies. In class, Manuela tries to emulate her instructor's moves, and she has also become more physically active as part of her daily routine. Which technique is Manuela using to reach her goal of becoming more fit? a. shaping b. reinforcement c. visualization d. modeling

d.

Emotional health can best be described as being able to a. feel and express emotions appropriately. b. adapt to various social situations. c. think clearly, without emotional influence. d. maintain satisfying interpersonal relationships.

a

An appraisal of the relationship between an object, action, or idea and some attribute related to it is a(n) a. attitude. b. belief. c. analysis. d. motivation.

b

Differences in cancer mortality among specific populations are an example of a. risk behaviors. b. health disparities. c. biological determinants. d. medical malpractice.

b

Healthy People 2020 is a plan designed to a. extend health insurance coverage to millions more Americans. b. improve the quality of life and years of life for all Americans. c. update FDA regulations on the manufacture and sale of drugs in the United States. d. increase payments to doctors who serve Medicaid and Medicare patients.

b

A person's bone structure is an example of a(n) a. environmental influence. b. epigenetic factor. c. nonmodifiable determinant. d. behavioral choice.

c

All of the following are basic mindfulness skills EXCEPT a. acknowledging that you are not perfect. b. acknowledging your disappointment at a poor grade. c. tuning out a noisy student in the library. d. cultivating compassion for a friend with financial problems.

c

Mindy wants to lose weight. The fact that her parents engage in regular exercise is a(n a. enabling factor. b. reinforcing factor. c. predisposing factor. d. motivational factor.

c

One of the most important goals of Healthy People 2020 is to: a. reduce health care costs for all Americans b. increasing funding for research on certain diseases such as cancer and diabetes c. eliminate health disparities and improve the health of all population groups d. increase the number of public health departments in every state

c

The contemporary definition of wellness is a. the ability to move about freely without pain. b. living longer than one's parents. c. the achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions. d. the absence of ongoing symptoms or chronic disease.

c

The ever-changing process of achieving individual potential in the physical, social, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, and environmental dimensions is the definition of a. fitness. b. satisfaction. c. health. d. recovery

c

The positive aspects of a person's life, such being satisfied with life in general and having positive emotions, determines one's sense of a. change. b. health. c. well-being. d. progress.

c

To successfully change a behavior, a person must recognize that change is a(n) a. chance to wipe out past mistakes. b. stressful situation. c. process that occurs in stages. d. isolated event.

c

Which of the following statements about mindfulness is true? a. Research linking mindfulness to improved health is inconclusive. b. Mindfulness is a religious practice in which the individual contemplates the divine. c. An essential component of mindfulness is awareness of oneself and one's environment. d. The practice of mindfulness emerged in the United States in the 1970s.

c

A sedentary lifestyle, overuse of caffeine, and risky sexual practices are examples of a. involuntary determinants of health. b. voluntary determinants of health. c. nonmodifiable determinants of health. d. modifiable determinants of health.

d

Missy is motivated to lose weight. She has begun taking a 30-minute walk every morning, has worked with a nutrition counselor to design a new diet, and on Monday will begin following new eating plan. According to the transtheoretical model of behavior change, Missy is in a stage of a. precontemplation. b. maintenance. c. contemplation. d. action

d

Mrs. J. is trying to get her third-grade students to remember to have their homework signed by a parent before bringing it to class. Students who remember every day for a month receive a gift card from a local bookstore. This is an example of a(n a. consumable reinforcer. b. manipulative reinforcer. c. activity reinforcer. d. possessional reinforcer.

d

Washing your hands before eating is an example of disease a. treatment. b. screening. c. intervention. d. prevention.

d

Which of the following is an essential prerequisite for changing a behavior? a. asking friends for advice b. deciding on several rewards for making the change c. changing environmental obstacles d. wanting to change

d

Which strategy is used by many athletes to visualize the attainment of goals a. athletic imagery b. vicarious performance c. coaching d. imagined rehearsal

d

Which type of costs are related to higher insurance premiums and increased disability payments due to obesity-related health conditions a. Medicare costs b. Medicaid costs c. direct medical costs d. indirect medical costs

d

Jason is frustrated because he has three projects due at the same time next week and he doesn't believe it's possible to get all three finished. His solution is to forget about the projects and meet up with friends for a night out. Jason has a. an external locus of control. b.self-efficacy. c. self-confidence. d. an internal locus of control.

a

Observing a friend's successful attempt to quit smoking and trying some of the same tactics to quit yourself is an example of a. modeling b. conforming c. shaping d. envy

a

People with an internal locus of control believe that events turn out as they do based on a. their own actions b. environmental factors c. previous disappointments d. fate and luck

a

Spiritual health can best be described as a. having a sense of meaning and purpose in one's life. b. establishing and maintaining fulfilling relationships. c. holding to religious beliefs learned in childhood. d. not as important as other factors to overall wellness.

a

The dimension of physical health encompasses the ability to a. perform activities of daily living. b. reason objectively. c. protect yourself from hazards in your environment. d. analyze information.

a

The expected number of years of life remaining at a given age, such as at birth, is known as a. life expectancy. b. mortality. c. population control. d .morbidity.

a

Young adults (ages 15-24) are most likely to die from a. accidents. b. homicide. c. cancer. d. heart disease.

a

Based on a recent cholesterol screening, Marlon decided that he has to stop eating so much fast food and get more exercise. Between work and school, his free time is limited, but he is determined to lower his cholesterol level and improve his overall health. The best way for Marlon to stay motivated to improve his diet and work out regularly is to a. depend on his friends to keep him away from his favorite fast-food restaurants. b. set reasonable short- and long-term goals and reward himself for meeting them. c. set an ambitious goal and chart daily and weekly progress using online tools. d. make weekly resolutions for how many times to work out and chastise himself if he hasn't accomplished his planned goal.

b

Effective health promotion programs a. don't attempt to change individual attitudes about health. b. focus on encouraging behaviors known to support good health. c. have the most measurable results when implemented in schools. d. focus on improving selected negative behaviors.

b

The ability to think clearly, analyze information, and use one's mental capacity to meet life's challenges is known as a. social health. b. intellectual health. c. physical health. d. emotional health.

b

The achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions is a. fitness. b. wellness. c. recovery. d. motivation.

b

The change model based on three factors (social environment, thoughts and feelings, and behaviors) in interaction with each other is known as the a. transtheoretical model. b. social cognitive model. c. behavior modification model. d. health belief model

b

The thought, "I don't have enough time!" is an example of a. shaping. b. self-talk. c. punishment. d. enabling.

b

Which of the following contributed to increased life expectancy in the early twentieth century? a. advances in heart and brain surgery b. vaccinations and antibiotics c. more doctors in metropolitan areas d. advances in genetic testing

b

Brenda is going on a ski trip over spring break and has 12 weeks to get in shape. She purchased an elliptical trainer and started working out on it for 10 minutes each day. Each week, she will increase her workout by 10 minutes until she can exercise for one hour. If she finds that is too rigorous, she will only add 5 minutes to her workout each week. Which of the following behavior-change techniques is Brenda using to get in shape for her trip? a. visualization b. self-talk c. shaping d. modeling

c

Going out for dinner at your favorite restaurant as a reward for finishing a big project is an example of a A. social reinforcer. b. manipulative reinforcer. c. consumable reinforcer. d. possessional reinforcer.

c

Health and wellness are best described as a. static. b. determined by genes. c. dynamic. d. determined by the environment.

c

Jim was successful at meeting his exercise goal and rewarded himself by taking a three-day vacation at a golf resort. This is an example of a a. negative behavior. b.manipulative behavior. c. reinforcing behavior. d. covert behavior.

c

Life expectancy in the early 1900s was largely determined by a person's a. family history. b. occupation and location. c. susceptibility to infectious disease. d. hygiene habits.

c

Which health model views treating disease through medications and surgery as the surest way to improve health? a. environmental model b. social model c. medical model d. public health model

c

Which of the following is an example of a SMART goal? a. Reduce my weekend alcohol consumption from 6 or more drinks per night to 1 drink per night. b. Drink less alcohol. c. Reduce my weekend alcohol consumption from 4 or more drinks per night to no more than 3 drinks per night. d. Stop drinking alcohol

c

an adolescent smoker might think lung cancer happens only to old people. This is an example of which factor of the health belief model a. perceived seriousness b. perceived barriers c. perceived susceptibility d. perceived benefits

c

A trait or behavior that a person can actively control, such as eating habits, is a(n) a. environmental influence. b. social determinant. c. biological determinant. d. modifiable determinant.

d

Changing your seat in class to one closer to the front to help change your habit of napping during the lecture is an example of a. an activity reinforcer. b. negative reinforcement. c. social reinforcement. d. situational inducement.

d

Determinants of health are a range of factors in a person's life that a. influence his or her response to medical treatment. b. influence his or her genes. c. predispose him or her to a particular set of diseases. d. influence his or her health status.

d

Gavin downloads a new workout song every time he completes his week's exercise goal. This action is an example of a. an intrinsic reward. b. countering. c. shaping. d. positive reinforcement.

d

Health promotion a. involves social justice efforts aimed at achieving health care for all Americans. b. focuses on curing the most prevalent diseases. c.refers to fundraising campaigns for health-related organizations. d. includes policies, programs, and financial support for initiatives that promote health

d

Major public health achievements of the 20th century include a) pharmaceutical products. b) mental health counseling c) lower birth rates. d) workplace safety.

d

Not allowing yourself to think about stage fright and focusing only on the content of your speech when preparing for a presentation is an example of a. a situational reinforcer b. positive reinforcement c. countering d. blocking and stopping

d

Support from others to change a behavior is an example of a(n) a. enabling factor. b. predisposing factor. c. contributing factor. d. reinforcing factor.

d

The science that views negative health events as resulting from individuals' interactions with their physical or social environment is a. disease prevention. b. immunology. c. medicine. d. public health.

d

The six dimensions of health a. affect health independently of each other. b. seldom influence one another. c. affect either the mind or the body. d. interact continuously.

d

Beth works part-time as a waitress and receives no health insurance benefits from her employer. She purchased insurance under the Affordable Care Act, but the policy has a $5,000 annual deductible. Beth a. is uninsured. b. has equitable access to health services. c. is likely to delay care that she needs. d. is overinsured.

c

Having unprotected sex is considered a a. medical treatment. b. risk behavior. c. health disparities. d. health promotion.

b

Jill has many friends, is respected by her coworkers, and maintains a great relationships with her boyfriend. Her ability to interact with others is an example of which dimension of health? A. Social B. Emotional C. Intellectual D. Physical

social