Heart A&P

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When the left ventricle contracts, the diameter of the ventricular chamber

decreases

When the left ventricle contracts, the distance from the apex to the base

decreases

If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked,

the ventricles will beat more slowly.

The P wave of the electrocardiogram is closely followed by __________.

contraction of both atria

As blood leaves the right ventricle it passes through the ________ and then into the pulmonary trunk.

conus arteriosus

The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ________ arteries.

coronary

The heart beats approximately ________ times each day.

100,000

The Heart Use the figure to answer the following question: Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit?

16

There are ________ pulmonary veins.

4

The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. 1. right atrium 2. left atrium 3. right ventricle 4. left ventricle 5. venae cavae 6. aorta 7. pulmonary trunk 8. pulmonary veins What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation?

5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6

The heart pumps approximately ________ liters of blood each day.

8,000

Pacemaker cells isolated from the SA node generate action potentials at ________ beats per minute.

80 - 100

Which of these is an important difference between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle?

Cardiac muscle can't be tetanized.

What is the function of the structures indicated by the red arrow?

Permit strong connections between adjacent cells Transfer force of contraction from cell to cell Propagate action potentials from cell to cell All of the listed responses are correct

The duration of the ventricular action potential is approximately equal to the __________ interval in the electrocardiogram.

Q-T interval

Abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles would most change the shape of the ________ in an ECG tracing.

QRS complex

The rapid depolarization phase in the ventricular action potential appears in the electrocardiogram as the __________.

QRS complex

Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the

QRS complex.

Which wave is the largest in the electrocardiogram?

R

Into which chamber of the heart will blood flow next after the vessel indicated by the red arrow?

Right atrium

The conducting system in the heart begins in the __________.

SA node

The plateau phase of the ventricular action potential corresponds to the __________ phase of the electrocardiogram.

ST segment

The arrow indicates the pericardial cavity. What term best describes the membrane on both sides of the cavity?

Serous pericardium

If there is a complete block between the SA node and the AV node, how would the ECG be affected?

The rate of P waves will be faster than the rate of QRS complexes.

Which of the labeled valves will open during ventricular systole to allow the flow of blood to the lungs?

The semilunar valve labeled B

The adult heart is roughly the size of

a man's clenched fist.

In cardiac muscle

about 20 percent of the calcium ion required for contraction comes from outside the cell.

The left ventricle pumps blood to the

aorta

The __________ valve prevents backward flow of blood into the left ventricle.

aortic

Which of the following descriptions matches the term near the left fifth intercostal space?

apex of heart

The earlike extension of the atrium is the

auricle

The bicuspid or mitral valve is located

between the left atrium and left ventricle.

The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium.

bicuspid

Rupture of the papillary muscles in the left ventricle may result in

bicuspid prolapse. mitral regurgitation. mitral valve prolapse. bicuspid regurgitation. All of the answers are correct

During the T wave of the electrocardiogram, the ventricles are

both repolarizing and relaxing.

Heart rate is controlled by __________.

both the right vagus and sympathetic nerves

During the plateau phase of the cardiac action potential, which ion is entering the cardiac muscle cell?

calcium

The long plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to

calcium channels remaining open.

Pacemaker cells in the SA node

can spontaneously depolarize.

Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of

cardiac muscle cells.

The term used to describe fluid collecting in the pericardial cavity that restricts the movement of the heart is known as

cardiac tamponade.

The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to

chordae tendineae.

The function of an atrium is to

collect blood then pump it to the ventricle.

The interventricular sulci and coronary sulcus

contain veins. are grooves on the surface of the heart. contain arteries. contain fat. All of the answers are correct

The ________ deliver(s) blood to the myocardium.

coronary arteries

The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the

coronary sinus.

When a blood clot forms on a ruptured plaque in a coronary artery, the condition is referred to as a(n)

coronary thrombosis.

The Heart Use the figure to answer the following question: Identify the structure labeled "6

cusp of tricuspid valve

The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from

depolarization of the atria.

The auricle is the __________.

ear-like extension of the atrium

Artery is to ________ as vein is to ________.

efferent; afferent

The visceral pericardium is the same as the

epicardium

The structure that permits blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetal circulation is the

foramen ovale.

The pulmonary veins carry blood to the

heart

If the pacemaker cells in the SA node become more permeable to potassium ions, the

heart rate will decrease and cells will hyperpolarize.

The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow

in one direction only.

The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the

interatrial septum.

Intercalated discs serve to transfer ________ from cell to cell.

ionic currents action potentials electrical signals the force of contraction All of the answers are correct

Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the __________.

left atrium

Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the

left atrium.

Blood is supplied to the left atrium by the

left coronary artery.

The circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular artery are branches of the

left coronary artery.

The Heart Use the figure to answer the following question: Identify the structure labeled "21

ligamentum arteriosum

Which of these organs is not found in the mediastinum?

lung

The coronary sulcus is a groove that

marks the border between the atria and ventricles.

In the middle of the thoracic cavity is a region occupied by the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea called the

mediastinum.

When the semilunar valves close, the AV valves then

open

In order to perform a CABG, a cardiac surgeon must

open the pericardial sac.

The pulmonary veins carry __________ blood to the __________ atrium.

oxygenated; left

The right pulmonary veins carry ________ blood to the ________ .

oxygenated; left atrium

The Heart Use the figure to answer the following question: Identify the structure labeled "8.

papillary muscles

Excess fluid in the ________ causes cardiac tamponade.

pericardial cavity

The papillary muscles function to __________.

prevent the AV valves from reversing into the atria

Contractions of the papillary muscles

prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria.

The connective tissue fibers of the myocardium

provide elasticity to help return the heart to its normal size. help distribute the forces of contraction. provide physical support for cardiac muscle. add strength and prevent overexpansion of the heart. All of the answers are correct

The Heart Use the figure to answer the following question: Identify the structure labeled "19

pulmonary semilunar valve

Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the

pulmonary valve.

Compared to the right ventricle, the left ventricle has all the following characteristics, except that it

pumps a greater volume.

Cardiac cells damaged by infarction will show which of the following?

release of CK-MB into the circulation release of troponin T and I into the circulation switch to anaerobic metabolism release of enzymes into the circulation All of the answers are correct

The right ventricle pumps blood to the

right and left lungs.

Blood flowing in the vena cava will next enter the __________.

right atrium

Cardiac veins empty their blood into the __________.

right atrium

Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the

right atrium.

Coronary veins empty into the

right atrium.

The marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch are branches of the

right coronary artery.

Which of the following are involved in the pulmonary circuit?

right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, left atrium

The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the

right ventricle.

Analysis of the electrocardiogram can reveal all of the following, except the

stroke volume.

The right atrium receives blood from the

systemic circuit.

As a result of the long refractory period in the cardiac action potential, cardiac muscle cannot exhibit

tetany.

Blood is supplied to the myocardium by

the coronary arteries.

Tetanic muscle contractions don't occur in a normal cardiac muscle because

the refractory period lasts until the muscle relaxes.

The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in

the sinoatrial node.

Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ________ valve.

tricuspid

The T wave on an ECG tracing represents

ventricular repolarization.

The epicardium is also known as the __________.

visceral pericardium

The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart. 1. Purkinje fibers 2. AV bundle 3. AV node 4. SA node 5. bundle branches The sequence in which excitation would move through this system is

4, 3, 2, 5, 1.

Cardiac muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells differ in a few ways. Which of the following is not one of them?

Cardiac muscle cells lack transverse tubules.

In cardiac muscle, the fast depolarization phase of the action potential is the result of

increased membrane permeability to sodium ions.

The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

lungs


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