heart and circulatory system

capillaries

exchange nutrients and waste materials

base of the heart

posterior part of the heart (form most of the left atrium)

regions of the heart

apex and base

pulmonary vein

are large blood vessels that receive oxygenated blood from the lungs and drain in the left atrium of the heart. there are 4 pulmonary veins, two for each lung. these veins carry oxygenate blood.

blood vessels

arteries, veins, and capillaries.

pulmonary artery

carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs its one of the only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood.

veins

carry blood and other substances to the heart

arteries

carry blood away from the heart

apex of the heart

cone-shape portion of the heart (its on the left side of the mediastinum)

superior vena cava

is a large diameter but short vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper part of the body into the right atrium. it is located in the anterior superior right mediastinum

inferior vena cava

is one of the two large veins that carry deoxygenated blood from the body into the right atrium. it carries blood from the inferior part of the body

capillary bed

on charge of the micro-circulation. It connects with the arteriole and venous to exchange nutrients and waste between the blood and the tissues.

aorta

the main artery of the body, supplies oxygenated blood to the circulatory system. it passes over the heart from the left ventricle and runs down in front of the backbone.

route of a drop of blood to the heart

the superior and inferior vane cave carry deoxygenated blood from the body. this passes through tricuspid valve into the right atrium. heart pumps and send the blood to the pulmonary artery through the semilunar pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery. ones the blood gets oxygen goes back to the pulmonary vein that take it into the left atrium. the heart pumps again and send the blood through the left biscupid valve in order to send the blood to the aorta, using the aorta valve to avoid back blood flow. the aorta artery send this blood to the rest of the body.

valves of the heart

-right av. valve (tricuspid valve) located between right atrium and right ventricle -left av. valve (biscupid valve) located between left atrium and left ventricle

chambers of the heart

-two smaller superior chambers, the right and left atria. separated by the interatrial septum. receive blood coming from the body and lungs. -two larger inferior chambers, right and left ventricles. separated by the interventricular septum. pumps blood out to the body and lungs.

hepatic portal vein

is the blood vessel that conducts blood form the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver. this blood is rich in nutrients that have been extracted from food. the liver process these nutrients. it also filters toxins that may have been ingested in the food. it is not a true vein because it carries blood to capillaries beds in the liver and not to the heart. major component of the hepatic portal system. portal hypertension is one example of a condition that may damage this vein. (cirrhosis)

cardiac cycle

is the contraction of the atria follow by the contraction of the ventricles resulting into two heart sounds (distole and systole) 1st heart sound is the closure of the AV valves. 2nd heart sound is the closure of the semilunar valves.

fetal blood flow

it is different from a born baby. the deoxyganted blood passes through the placenta and became oxygenated. now oxygenated blood goes through the umbilical back to the fetus passing through the fetus' liver by the ductus venosus. the blood reaches the right side of the heart. the blood goes through the foramen ovale, it will allow the blood to go from the right atrium to the left atrium, then to the left ventricle to the aorta, which will take it to the brain. the deoxygenated blood the leaves the fetus enters the right atrium and its send to the right ventricle bypassing the lungs through the ductus arteriosus traveling to the placenta to get oxygen again.

pulmonary circulation system

responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and returning newly oxygenated to the left side of the heart. in this system the the arteries carry deoxygenated blood and veins carry oxygenated blood.

systemic circulation

responsible for carrying oxygenated blood for the left side of the heart to the tissues of the body and returning deoxygenated blood back to the right side of the heart. this circulation arteries carry oxygenated blood while veins carry deoxygenated blood.