Heart Attack, CPR, Cardiac Arrest

Reasons for children's cardiac emergencies.

trauma (drowning), congenital heart conditions

Describe effective chest compressions for CPR:

- 120 compressions / minute - at least 2 in deep for adults - 1.5 in for infants - 2 in for children

heart attack symptoms

- chest pain - trouble breathing - dizziness - discomfort in chest / upper body - pale skin - lightheaded - pressure in chest - sweating

Potential causes for cardiac arrest in adults

- drowning - emergency - trauma - cardiovascular disease - drug overdose - electrocution

Steps in proper care for a heart attack

- help them sit / get comfortable - call 911 - wait until help arrives

7 reasons that it is acceptable to stop/pause giving care

- there is an obvious sign of life - an AED is ready to use / give shock - EMS takes over - you're too tired to continue - the scene becomes unsafe - you need to call 911 for after 2 minutes of CPR on child / infant - person is in a spot you can't work on (unsure) - a trained responder takes over

Potential causes for cardiac arrests in children

- trauma (drowning, injuries) - electrocution - hard blow to chest - congenital heart disease - SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome)

What do you do for a responsive infant that is choking?

5 back blows, 5 chest thrusts

How long should you blow in for one rescue breath? And what else should you do when doing so?

1 second. Make sure the chest clearly rises.

5 steps of Pediatric Cardiac Chain of Survival

1. prevention 2. early CPR 3. call 911 after 2 minutes of CPR 4. basic and advanced EMS 5. post-cardiac arrest care (hospital care)

5 steps of the Adult Cardiac Chain of Survival

1. recognize emergency and call 911 2. early CPR 3. defibrillation. 4. basic and advanced EMS 5. post-cardiac arrest care (hospital care)

How long do you check for breathing?

10 seconds

What does one cycle of CPR consist of?

30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths

How do you give care to a responsive adult that is choking?

5 back blows, 5 ab thrusts

Why do people do compressional CPR?

If they are uncomfortable with rescue breaths.

If both rescue breaths don't work, what do you do? Explain (if object not found).

Modified CPR: 30 chest compressions, check the mouth, 2 rescue breaths, repeat

If both rescue breaths don't work, what do you do? Explain (if object found).

Modified CPR: 30 chest compressions, check the mouth, scoop out object with pinkie, 2 rescue breaths

What do you do if the chest doesn't clearly rise when giving a rescue breath?

Retilt the head and make a better seal.

Difference between heart attack and cardiac arrest.

You are conscious during a heart attack, but you are unconscious, not breathing, and technically dead during cardiac arrest.

Difference between adult and pediatric cardiac chain of survival.

You call 911 2 minutes after you start giving CPR to a child.

Where do you put your hands in CPR?

below the nipple line (on the breast bone)

heart attack definition

when blood flow to the heart is reduced

Compressional CPR

when you only do the chest compressions

If an AED machine is available, should it be used as soon as possible for an infant or child?

yes