HESI

A nurse is teaching a 12-year-old child about a bone marrow aspiration. Which statement indicates that the preadolescent needs further explanation of the procedure?

"'ll have to rest after the procedure." Bone marrow aspiration generally involves the use of conscious sedation; activity is usually not restricted after a child recovers from the sedation.

The nurse evaluates that the teaching before a scheduled bone scan for a client with cancer is effective when the client makes which statement?

"A substance of low radioactivity will be injected into my vein, and my body will be inspected with an instrument to detect where it is deposited." -A bone scan maps the uptake of a bone-seeking radioactive isotope; an increased uptake is seen in metastatic bone disease, osteosarcoma, osteomyelitis, and certain fractures.

Which statement by a female client with a non-weight-bearing long leg cast indicates the need for the nurse to reinforce discharge teaching?

"I am going to give myself a pedicure with red nail polish when I get home." Red nail polish will interfere with the ability to assess the toes for capillary refill. Effective capillary refill after releasing compression of the toenail ensures that the cast is not compromising circulation to the distal part of the extremity.

A nurse gives a teenager discharge instructions regarding cast care. Which statement made by the teenager indicates that teaching has been understood?

"If I get itchy around the cast, I'll rub the itchy area gently." Gentle rubbing may soothe the skin; stimulation of sensory neurons by rubbing may decrease the itching sensation.

How would the nurse explain the reliability of a test for the rheumatoid factor to a client who appears to be in the painful, early stages of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

"Laboratory tests often are negative in the early stages of the disease." The antibody called rheumatoid factor is present in 90% of advanced cases of arthritis; it frequently is not found in the early stages of the disease.

A nurse reviews the prescribed treatment with the parents of an infant born with bilateral clubfeet. Which parental statement indicates that further education is required?

"We'll have to have the baby fitted with prosthetic devices before he'll be able to walk." Most children with bilateral clubfeet are eventually able to walk without much difficulty.

A client recently diagnosed with multiple sclerosis says, "I had planned to get married before the end of the year, but after this diagnosis, I may call off the wedding, I might not be ready." Which is the best response by the nurse?

"You don't feel able to make a decision at this time?" The response "You don't feel able to make a decision at this time?" reflects the client's concern and provides an opportunity for further verbalization while indicating the nurse's understanding.

A client admitted to the hospital with an acute episode of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) asks why physical therapy has not been prescribed. Which is the most appropriate nursing response?

"Your joints are still inflamed, and physical therapy can be harmful." Rest is required during active inflammation of the joints to prevent injury; once active inflammation has receded, an activity and exercise regimen can begin.

When assisting a client who had a total hip replacement onto the bedpan on the first postoperative day, what would the nurse instruct the client to do?

'Flex the unaffected knee and pull on the trapeze to raise the pelvis." The pelvis is elevated by actions involving the unaffected upper extremities and unaffected leg.

A nurse is counseling an obese postmenopausal client regarding how to best prevent bone loss. Which statement indicates understanding of the strategies necessary to prevent bone loss?

-"I should take 1200 mg of calcium every day." -"Going to an aerobics class three times a week will help my bones." The recommended daily intake of calcium for a postmenopausal woman is 1200 mg. Weight-bearing activities (e.g., walking, dancing, weightlifting, aerobic exercise) are best for building bone mass.

The nurse is teaching a student nurse about caring for a client with decreased bone density. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective learning?

-"I will instruct the client to be very careful to prevent injuries." -"I will instruct the client to perform weight-bearing activities." A decrease in ovarian production of estrogen results in low bone density. The nurse should instruct the client to be very careful while performing activities to prevent injuries and fractures due to weak bones.

Which hormone is responsible for altered serum calcium concentrations?

-Calcitonin -Parathyroid hormone Produced by the thyroid gland, calcitonin decreases the serum calcium concentration if it increases above the normal level.

Which factor contributes to calcium loss in a client who has paraplegia?

-Decreased activity The bones respond to the stress of activity (walking, running, etc.) by laying down new bone substance along the lines of stress.

Which factor can contribute to reduced healing in a client with osteomyelitis?

-Diabetes -Smoking -Alcohol use Diabetes causes narrowing of blood vessels leading to diminished blood supply to the affected organ or tissue and a slow healing rate. Intake of tobacco through smoking may reduce the blood supply to the affected area slowing down the healing process. Alcohol use reduces the amount of nutrients and vitamins required for muscle growth affecting the healing process.

Place in order the steps of healing that a bone goes through to repair a fracture.

-Hematoma formation -Fibrocartilage formation -Callus formation -Ossification -Consolidation and remodeling Bone healing from a fracture occurs in five steps. The first of these is hematoma formation that occurs immediately to 72 hours after a fracture. Step 2 is fibrocartilage formation in which the hematoma becomes granulation tissue that forms a bridge between the two ends of the fractured bone. Stage 3 is callus formation that occurs 1 to 4 weeks after the fracture. In this step, granulation tissue is changed into a callus made up of cartilage, osteoblasts, calcium, and phosphorus. Stage 4 is ossification in which a permanent bone callus forms. Stage 5 occurs when the distance between bone fragment closes.

Which hormone is involved in building and maintaining healthy bone tissue?

-Insulin -Growth hormone Insulin works together with growth hormone to increase bone length.

Which clinical response is associated most commonly with acute retroviral syndrome?

-Malaise -Swollen lymph glands Development of HIV-specific antibodies (seroconversion) is accompanied by a flulike syndrome called acute retroviral syndrome. This syndrome includes malaise, swollen lymph glands, fever, sore throat, headache, nausea, diarrhea, muscle/joint pain, or a diffuse rash. It occurs 1 to 3 weeks after infection and may continue for several months.

Which complication is likely to occur in a client who is unable to perform range of motion exercises due to impaired mobility?

-Metabolic -Respiratory -Integumentary -Gastrointestinal -Musculoskeletal Gastrointestinal complications include decreased peristalsis, decreased appetite, decreased metabolic rate, and a negative nitrogen balance.

Which finding during assessment of a client with a cast of the left leg is indicative of a complication?

-Numbness -Prolonged capillary refill Numbness is a neurological sign that should be reported immediately because it indicates pressure on the nerves and blood vessels. Compression of arterial vessels results in a prolonged return of blood to the periphery after compression of capillaries and is indicative of compromised circulation.

A toddler has just had a cast applied for a fractured wrist. The wrist and elbow are immobilized. Which information would the nurse include in the home care instructions before discharge?

-Report swelling of fingers. -Elevate casted arm when the child is standing. When swelling of the fingers occurs, the cast may become too tight, resulting in neurovascular damage; permanent damage can occur in 6 to 8 hours.

Which assessment would be performed before initiating zoledronic acid therapy for a client diagnosed with Paget disease?

-Serum creatinine -Dental examination Zoledronic acid causes renal insufficiency, so serum creatinine levels are measured before initiating therapy. Dental examination should be performed before initiating drug therapy as this drug can cause jaw or maxillary osteonecrosis.

Which characteristic would prompt the nurse to classify a wound as stage 4 instead of stage 3?

-The client is at risk for osteomyelitis. -Bone, tendon, and muscle are exposed. -The injury involves full-thickness tissue loss. -The wound often includes undermining or tunneling. Because stage 4 injuries extend into the muscle and supporting structures, the client is at risk for osteomyelitis. In a stage 4 injury, bone, tendon, and muscle are exposed, but in a stage 3 pressure injury, although subcutaneous fat is sometimes visible, bone, tendon, and muscle are not exposed. A stage 4 wound would involve full-thickness tissue loss and often includes undermining or tunneling.

The nurse is making rounds on a client who has developed severe bone marrow depression after receiving chemotherapy for cancer. Which action by the nurse is appropriate?

-Wash hands before entering the client's room. -Advise use of a soft toothbrush for oral hygiene. -Report an elevation in temperature immediately. It is essential to prevent infection in a client with severe bone marrow depression; thorough handwashing before touching the client or client's belongings is important. Thrombocytopenia occurs with most chemotherapy treatment programs; using a soft toothbrush helps prevent bleeding gums. Any temperature elevation in a client with neutropenia must be reported to the primary health care provider immediately because it may be a sign of infection.

Which explanation does the nurse give to a client about the best way to stimulate calcium deposition in the bone after a distal femoral fracture?

-Weight-bearing activity Weight-bearing and the use of antigravity muscles stimulate bone formation or osteoblastic function.

Which nursing intervention would the nurse focus on when explaining the immediate postoperative care to a client scheduled for a total hip replacement?

Abducting the operative hip After surgery, abduction is maintained to reduce the chance of dislocation of the femoral head.

Which action would the nurse take for a 70-year-old client diagnosed with cartilaginous degeneration?

Advise the client to use moist heat. Clients with cartilaginous degeneration are advised to take moist heat showers because they increase blood flow to the affected region.

Which discharge information is most important for the nurse to include when caring for the client who has undergone a knee arthroscopy for tendon repair and plans to return to the college dormitory?

Ask the client which fellow student or other person in the dormitory is available to provide assistance. responsible person is available to assist the client if needed.

Which action would be the nurses priority while providing postprocedure care to a client after an arthroscopy?

Assessing the neurovascular status of the client's affected limb The priority for postprocedure care after arthroscopy is to assess the neurovascular status of the client's affected limb.

Which assessment would be the priority action of the nurse who is caring for a client with a leg in traction?

Assessing the skin integrity The nurse caring for a client with traction of a leg should first assess the skin integrity because skin breakdown may develop quickly.

Which condition would cause a nurse to advise a client to use a firm mattress for sleep and to refrain from sleeping on the abdomen?

Back sprain The client with a back sprain should be advised to use a firm mattress for sleep and to refrain from sleeping on the abdomen.

Which is the priority nursing care in the immediate postoperative period for a toddler with a newly applied hip spica cast?

Checking the toddler's peripheral circulation Priority nursing care for any cast application includes checking peripheral circulation by monitoring the color and temperature of the area surrounding the cast to ensure that the cast is not too tight.

Which goal of therapy would the nurse anticipate when administering allopurinol to a client with gout?

Decrease uric acid production Allopurinol interferes with the final steps in uric acid formation by inhibiting the production of xanthine oxidase.

Which therapy goal would the nurse consider when administering allopurinol to a client with gout?

Decrease uric acid production. Allopurinol interferes with the final steps in uric acid formation by inhibiting the production of xanthine oxidase.

Which instruction would the nurse give to prevent further problems with the hands when a carpenter returns to work after surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome of the right hand?

Do stretching exercises during breaks Stretching exercises will assist in keeping the muscles and tendons supple and pliable and reduce the traumatic consequences of repetitive activity.

When would the nurse remove the abductor splint for a client who had surgery in which a hip prosthesis was inserted?

During the client's skin care and physical therapy Until the prescription is written to discontinue the abduction splint, it is only removed for mobility needs such as physical therapy and hygiene; adduction to or beyond the midline is not permitted until allowed by the health care provider.

Which action would the nurse include in the plan of care for a school-age child after the application of a spica cast?

Evaluating neurovascular status of the legs After cast application swelling may continue, which can cause pressure that interferes with circulation.

Which is an expected outcome for a client who is scheduled to begin a walking and exercise program after a painful exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis?

Exercise and be active unless the discomfort becomes too great. Some pain is to be expected, but the activity should not be continued when the pain becomes severe because it can further traumatize the inflamed synovial membranes.

Which nursing intervention is most appropriate to hasten drying of a plaster cast on an infant?

Exposing the casted extremity Exposing the casted extremity is the safest way to dry the cast evenly.

Which instruction would a nurse give to a client who asks for assistance onto the bedpan on the first postoperative day after a total hip replacement?

Flex the knee on the unoperated leg and pull on the trapeze to lift the pelvis. The pelvis is elevated by actions involving the unaffected upper extremities and unoperated leg.

An infant with talipes equinovarus has a plaster cast applied to the involved foot. How would the nurse move the infant while the cast is wet?

Handling the cast with just the palms The palm provides a wide base of support for infant's body and the casted extremity.

When discussing nutritional changes for a client with uric acid calculi, the nurse would recommend the client avoid which food type?

High purine The nurse would recommend that the client with uric acid calculi avoid a high-purine diet (such as organ meats) and instead follow a low-purine diet to control uric acid calculi.

Which condition may result in amputation of a lower extremity?

I Gangrene l Arteriosclerosis I Diabetes mellitus l Chronic osteomyelitis I Peripheral vascular disease Diseases that may lead to amputation include gangrene, arteriosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, chronic osteomyelitis, and peripheral vascular disease.

Which is the primary reason that clients are fitted with a prosthesis soon after amputation of a limb?

Improving the client's physical abilities Improved functioning is essential to the client's safety and improved body image, even if the prosthesis is not like the original body part.

Which finding indicates tophi in a client whose external ear assessment revealed hard nodules on the pinna?

Increased uric acid levels in the blood Chronic gout is characterized by hard, irregular, painless nodules known as tophi, which form on the pinna, or external ear, due to the accumulation of uric acid crystals.

When the nurse is instructing a client with a cast applied for a fracture of the right ulna and radius, which symptom would the nurse state would require immediate notification of the primary health care provider if it occurs?

Increasing pain at the injury site Increasing pain at the injury site may indicate cast pressure on a nerve and should be investigated further.

Which statement accurately describes the different medications available for the treatment of osteoporosis?

Individuals with an allergy to salmon cannot take calcitonin. -Bisphosphonates inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. -Denosumab is a subcutaneous injection given once every 6 months. Individuals with an allergy to salmon cannot take calcitonin, which is salmon-based. Bisphosphonates work by inhibiting osteoclasts, which are responsible for breaking down and reabsorbing minerals such as calcium from the bone. Denosumab is a subcutaneous injection that is given once every 6 months; the client takes calcium and vitamin D daily.

Which explanation would a nurse use when writing a teaching plan about osteoporosis?

It involves a decrease in bone substance. Osteoporosis involves a defect in bone matrix formation that weakens the bones.

Which statement describes the rationale for a recommended high-protein diet for a client recovering from a fracture?

It promotes cell growth and bone union. There is an increased need for protein with any type of body tissue trauma.

Which strategy identified by a premenopausal obese client indicates that teaching about preventing osteoporosis was effective?

Joining a tennis league and practicing every day. High-impact exercises (e.g., tennis, running, aerobics, dancing) are best for building bone mass.

A married couple in their 80s is living independently. They have three adult children. The husband is alert but forgetful, has an enlarged prostate, and at times is incontinent of urine. The wife has diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and walks with difficulty. Both need assistance with bathing, dressing, and meal preparation. Which plan would the nurse suggest as suitable for this couple?

Keep them in their home with a home health aide Care provided in the home is more efficient and cost effective.

A low-carbohydrate diet results in an increased production of which substance in the urine?

Ketones. As a result of fat metabolism, ketone bodies are formed and the kidneys attempt to decrease the excess by filtration and excretion.

Which hand would a nurse teach a client to use when holding a cane after right total hip replacement?

Left hand A cane should be used on the unaffected side.

Which clinical finding would the nurse expect to find in the client who has been taking diuretics and is admitted to the hospital with hypokalemia?

Leg weakness and muscle cramps Muscular weakness and cramps may occur with hypokalemia because impulse conduction of skeletal muscles is impaired.

Which dietary goal would the nurse include in the education of a client experiencing gout?

Limit consumption of animal protein. Limiting consumption of red meat (beef, lamb, and pork) is critically important for clients with gout.

After reviewing a pathology report indicating that a client's urinary calculus is composed of uric acid, the nurse would counsel the client to avoid which food?

Liver Uric acid stones are controlled by a low-purine diet. Foods high in purine such as organ meats and extracts should be avoided.

Which element of nursing care would the nurse review with a client who is scheduled for a laminectomy?

Logrolling technique Logrolling technique maintains vertebral alignment, decreasing trauma to the operative site.

Which condition may be anticipated in the client diagnosed with the genetic disorder osteogenesis imperfecta at the age of 30?

Loss of auditory acuity Osteogenesis imperfecta and Down syndrome are genetic disorders that lead to progressive hearing loss in adults.

In which position would the nurse place the affected extremity of the client who had an open reduction and internal fixation for a fractured hip?

Moderate abduction Abduction reduces stress on anatomic structures and maintains the head of the femur in the acetabulum.

Which is the priority of nursing care for an infant with a newly applied spica cast?

Monitoring the child's peripheral circulation Priority care for any cast application includes checking the color and the temperature of the skin at the edges of the cast; this helps the nurse determine whether the cast is too tight, which can impair circulation.

Which action would a nurse take first when a client reports pain in the right calf on the second day after surgery?

Notify the health care provider. Calf pain may be a sign of thrombophlebitis and can lead to a fatal pulmonary embolism.

Which action would a nurse take when clear drainage is observed to be coming from the laminectomy incision of a client?

Notify the health care provider. Clear drainage coming from a laminectomy incision may indicate a cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) leak.

Which is the most significant complication in a client who has a cast, for which the nurse would assess the client's extremity?

Numbness Numbness is a neurologic sign because it indicates pressure on the nerves and blood vessels and should be reported immediately.

Which discharge instruction would the nurse include when discharging an infant with a spica cast from the hospital?

Obtain a specially designed car seat. Standard seat belts and car seats are not easily adapted for use by children in spica casts; specially designed devices are available to meet safety requirements.

A 4-year-old is brought to the emergency department with a fractured tibia. Which type of fracture is most common in children of this age?

Ossification of the long bones is incomplete in childhood; children's bones can flex to about a 45-degree angle before breaking.

Which complication would a nurse warn may result from direct pressure to the joints of a client recovering from an acute episode of rheumatoid arthritis?

Pain. Palpation will elicit tenderness because pressure stimulates nerve endings and causes pain.

Which term describes the fracture sustained while a client with osteoporosis was walking up the stairs?

Pathologic. A pathologic fracture occurs because of a pathological condition (osteoporosis, bone cancers) in the bone that causes a spontaneous break.

Which action would a nurse take for a client who states, after surgery for a fractured hip, "I don't remember when I have ever been so uncomfortable"?

Perform a complete pain assessment A complete assessment must be performed to determine the location, characteristics, intensity, and duration of the pain.

Which is the key factor that will affect how a client who just had an above-the-knee amputation will cope with the changes in body image?

Personal perception of the change It is not the reality of a situation but the client's feeling about the change that is the most important determinant of the client's ability to cope.

Which action would a nurse perform on a client's cast to prevent skin irritation?

Petaling Petaling a cast involves placing short pieces of tape over the rough edges of the cast to prevent skin irritation in the client and to protect the cast from moisture and soiling.

Which sign is unique to a fat embolus and would need to be monitored in a client with a distal femoral shaft fracture?

Petechiae. At the time of a fracture or orthopedic surgery, fat globules may move from the bone marrow into the bloodstream.

Which immediate action would the nurse take when noticing bright red drainage on the dressing and in the Jackson-Pratt drain of a client who underwent a below-the-knee amputation of the left leg?

Place a pressure dressing over the existing dressing on the stump. pressure dressing over the existing dressing on the stump in an attempt to slow the bleeding.

Which intervention would the nurse implement to prevent contractures in a client who had a right below-the-knee amputation?

Place the client in a prone position three to four times daily To prevent contractures, the nurse would place the client in a prone position for 30 minutes three to four times per day.

A client with carpal tunnel syndrome reports increasing difficulty holding the tools needed for woodworking. The client states, "I must return to work tomorrow. I can't get behind on my schedule." Which issue does the nurse conclude is the issue of most concern?

Potential for injury A weak grasp, pain, and uncoordinated movements can result in the dropping of tools, which can be dangerous.

Which concern is the priority when health care instructions are discussed with a carpenter having trouble holding tools because of carpal tunnel syndrome who continues to work to meet financial obligations?

Potential for injury A weak grasp, pain, and uncoordinated movements could result in dropping of tools and can be dangerous.

Which manifestation alerts the nurse that a client with a full leg cast can no longer tolerate the physical exertion of crutch walking?

Profuse diaphoresis and rapid respirations Diaphoresis and tachypnea indicate that the client has exceeded tolerance for the activity. Pulse of 100 and deep respirations are expected adaptations to activity.

Which factor in the client's history increases the risk for osteoporosis?

Prolonged immobility Prolonged immobility results in bone demineralization because there is decreased bone production by osteoblasts and increased resorption by osteoclasts.

A client's tibia is fractured in a motor vehicle accident, and a cast is applied. The nurse should assess for which manifestation indicating damage to major blood vessels caused by the fractured tibia?

Prolonged reperfusion of the toes after blanching Damage to the blood vessels may decrease circulatory perfusion of the toes.

Which rationale would the nurse teach a client regarding the purpose of rigid bandaging of the residual limb after an amputation?

Promote shrinkage of the distal end of the residual limb The wrapping of the residual limb is done to reduce swelling and shape the limb for fitting a prosthesis in the future.

Which procedure would the nurse use when elevating the head of an infant in a spica cast?

Raising the entire mattress at the head of the crib When elevation of the head is desired, the entire mattress or crib should be raised at the head of the crib.

Which information from the client's history does the nurse identify as a risk factor for developing osteoporosis?

Receives long-term steroid therapy Increased levels of steroids will accelerate bone demineralization.

Which type of diet would the nurse expect the health care provider to prescribe a client who has intermittently been having painful, swollen knee and wrist joints during the past 3 months and is diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis?

Regular diet with vitamins and minerals Rationale There are no dietary restrictions for rheumatoid arthritis, but iron and vitamins should be encouraged to treat any underlying nutritional deficiencies.

Three days after a cast is applied to a client's fractured tibia, the client reports that there is a burning pain over the ankle. The cast over the ankle feels warm to the touch, and the pain is not relieved when the client changes position. Which nursing action is the priority?

Report the client's concern to the primary health care provider. The client's concern indicates tissue hypoxia or breakdown and should be reported to the health care provider.

Which complication would the nurse advise a client with an acute exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis to prevent by exercising every day?

Shortening of the muscles. Flexion and extension prevent the tightening of muscles and tendons.

Which complication would the nurse explain can be prevented by daily cardiovascular exercise to a client with an acute exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis in severe pain who states, "The only time I am pain-free is when I lie perfectly still"?

Shortening of the muscles. Flexion and extension prevent the tightening of muscles and tendons.

Which information about reducing joint strain and pain would the nurse include in a teaching session for a client with osteoarthritis?

Sit in highchairs rather than low couches. osteoarthritis to sit in highchairs rather than low couches as this will make it easier for the client to rise out of the chair and reduce joint strain and pain.

When providing discharge teaching to a client who had a total hip replacement, what would the nurse instruct the client to avoid?

Sitting in a low chair Excessive flexion of the hip, such as sitting in a low chair, can cause dislocation of the femoral head.

Which individual is most at risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome?

Software engineer. Carpal tunnel syndrome is a painful condition of the hands and fingers that is caused by repetitive movements that lead to compression of the medial nerve near the wrist.

fracture

Stress fractures are often related to sports participation. The term "greenstick fracture" describes the incomplete fracture that is commonly seen in children in which the bone splinters on one side but is only bent on the other. Compound fractures are those in which bone fragments break through the skin.

Which activity would the nurse encourage for a client with multiple sclerosis in remission?

Swimming Swimming helps keep the muscles supple without requiring fine-motor activity.

Which advice would a nurse give to a client with rheumatoid arthritis asking about ways to decrease morning stiffness?

Take a hot tub bath or shower in the morning Moist heat increases circulation and decreases muscle tension. These can help relieve chronic stiffness.

How would the nurse assess a client who sustained a fractured right femur, for signs of circulatory impairment?

Take the client's pedal pulse in the affected extremity. Monitoring a pedal pulse will assess circulation to the foot.

Which definition best describes a comminuted fracture?

The bone has broken into several fragments, and the skin is intact. In a comminuted fracture, the bone is broken into several fragments or crushed.

Which crutch-walking technique would the nurse reinforce when a client who had knee surgery returns from physical therapy?

Three-point gait The three-point gait requires arm strength and is used when a limb cannot bear weight.

Which criterion would a nurse use to determine that appropriate alignment is achieved by the immobilizer device after surgical repair of a client's rotator cuff?

Upper arm lies close to the chest A shoulder immobilization device supports the upper arm in adduction, with the elbow bent to minimize tension in the operative area.

Which criterion would the nurse use to determine that appropriate alignment is achieved by the shoulder immobilizer device?

Upper arm lies close to the chest. Rationale A shoulder immobilization device supports the upper arm in adduction, with the elbow bent to minimize tension in the operative area.

For a client with a serum calcium within expected limits and an elevated serum purine level, which substance would the nurse associate with development of renal calculi?

Uric acid Purines are precursors of uric acid that can crystallize.

For which life-threatening postoperative problem would the nurse monitor a client with a fractured mandible that is immobilized with wires?

Vomiting Vomiting may result in aspiration of vomitus because it cannot be expelled; this may cause pneumonia or asphyxia.

The primary health care provider prescribed tolvaptan to a client whose laboratory reports reveal low plasma osmolarity and continued secretion of vasopressin from syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. Which finding would indicate a side effect of the medication?

loss of reflexes and uncoordinated movements The presence of low plasma osmolarity and continued secretion of vasopressin occurs in Schwartz-Bartter syndrome, or syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, which is treated with tolvaptan.