HESI A2 (Anatomy & Physiology) V1/V2

Fertilization occurs in the?

oviduct

The occipital region is located in which part of the body?

Head / Skull

What type of synovial joint is the elbow?

Hinge

Which bone does not articulate with any other bone?

Hyoid Bone

What is the effect of Serotonin, a neurotransmitter?

Involved with mood, anxiety, sleep, happiness, appetite

What is Meosis?

Is to make haploid gametes and production of germ cells.

Anaerobic respiration can lead to a burning sensation cause by which molecule?

Lactic Acid

The mitral valve is located between which two structures?

Left ventricle and left atrium

Aspirin occurs when there is a tear in which structures?

Ligament

What is the eustachian tube?

Links the nasopharynx to the middle ear

Client has large pituitary tumor what part of the body does this effect?

Low blood pressure, sickness, head hurting, vision problems

Where is the tibialis anterior muscle located?

Lower leg

What part of the body is the lower back?

Lumbar

As a part of the negative feedback system, which type of cell is stimulated to re-absorb bone matrix in response to a decrease in calcium in the blood?

Osteoclasts (break down bone so it can release Ca+ into interstitial fluid)

What female reproductive organ produces occytes, estrogen, & progesterone?

Ovaries

Aerobic respirations happens in the presence of?

Oxygen

Which hormone is released by posterior lobe?

Oxytocin & ADH (ADH is known as Vasopressin)

Two divisions that make up the nervous system?

PNS & CNS (Peripheral & Central)

Which hand position describes an anatomical position of a person who is standing erect with feet forward?

Palms facing anterior

What organ produces insulin?

Pancreas

Calciferol (aka vitamin D) is controlled by?

Parathyroid hormone

Which of the following locations would the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organ be found?

Pelvic region

Which cell structure regulates the transport of substances in & out of a cell?

Plasma Membrane

The pulse point located behind the knee is palpated over which artery?

Popliteal

High levels of which ion would most likely result in a cardiac arrest?

Potassium

Diet is important because bone are storage places for?

Calcium & Phosphorus

What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated / increased?

Cardiac output

Structure that provides a pulse reading in the neck?

Carotid artery

When assessing a female client who describes herself as a vegetarian and the nurse notes that she has a unusual skin color. The nurse should ask the client if she has eaten a large amount of?

Carrot and squash

What is the primary function of hemoglobin?

Carry oxygen

All living things are made up of?

Cells

Polypeptides are?

Chains of amino acids

What are hormones?

Chemical messengers

What cellular process helps to move debris and mucous through the lining of tubules?

Cilia

What internal structure of the ear is concerned with hearing?

Cochlea

Cartilaginous is?

Connection between articulating bones made up of cartilage

Which of the following produce progesterone to prepare the uterus for preganancy?

Corpus luteum

What does adrenal gland secrete?

Cortisol & Aldosterone

Tissue repair is enhanced by a diet high in?

Protein

Within which vessel does blood return from the lungs?

Pulmonary vein (Remember pulmonary is heart, veins take deoxygenated blood back to the heart, Arteries carry oxygen & nutrients away from the heart)

Which muscle(s) is included in the quad femoris group?

Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, Vastus intermedius

Which structures produce B-lymphocytes?

Red bone marrow

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Regulates balance and thermoregulation

What blood vessels perfuses (goes through) the kidney?

Renal vein (this vein drains the kidney)

Active transport requires?

Requires energy (ATP) from cell

Plane divides the body into left and right sides?

Sagittal

Synovial joints are?

Freely mobile

What are finger prints made of?

Friction ridges

What is exocytosis?

Fuses with plasma membrane & releases contents outside of the cell (exo = exit)

Which is a hollow organ?

Gall bladder

Which term is used to describe movement of arms and legs away from the midline of the body?

Abduction (AB = Away from)

Pituitary gland produces?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone and growth hormone

Increase rate of breathing results in what blood pH change?

Alkalosis

A person who has damage to their ulnar nerve will have decreased sensation in?

Arm, inability to abduct arms and fingers

What is the response of cells in the collecting tubules in nephrons when antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted?

H2O is re-absorbed from urinary filtrate

Which structure carries oxygen to the cells?

Hemoglobin

Diffusion is?

Movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, high to low concentration

Where does digestion begin in the digestive system

Oral cavity

Which hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?

Oxytocin & ADH (Antidiuretic hormone) (ADH is also known as Vasopressin)

Which of the following is a structure found in the upper respiratory?

Pharynx

Which gland is commonly known as the "Master Gland?"

Pituitary Gland

What structure of the eye picks out color?

Retina

Sebaceous gland function?

Secretes oil

Which part of the brain is involved in auditory functioning

Temporal Lobe

What hormone induces growth of public and axillary hair at puberty?

Testosterone & Estrogen

Which of the following statements best describes endocrine glands?

They secrete chemicals into the blood, growth, metabolism, sexual development and function

The esophagus is located in which body cavity?

Thoracic

The mediastinum is located within which cavity?

Thoracic cavity

Which structure produces T-lymphocytes?

Thymus

What gland is located on the anterior surface of the trachea?

Thyroid gland

When a boxer gets hit & has a deviated septum?

Vomer (in nose)

Which structure is located on the sternum

Xiphoid Process

What stimulates chemoreceptors to function?

rise in CO2; Fall in o2

Vessel carries blood from the body to the heart?

Vena cava

What makes up most plasma?

Water

What is the function of golgi apparatus?

-packaging proteins for secretion and transports lipids around the cell -synthesize carbs & glycoproteins

How many days is the average menstrual cycle?

28 days

How many carbs per gram do carbs contain?

4

Most obvious skin cancer?

Basal cell carcinoma

What is the function of thrombocytes (platelets)?

Blood clotting

What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulation is increased?

Blood pressure rises & goose bumps

What is the result of carbon dioxide in the body?

Body becomes more acidic

Ligaments provide which connection?

Bone to bone

What parts of the respiratory system are in the upper respiratory?

Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

Passive transport?

Does not require energy

The buttocks are which surface of the body?

Dorsal

The malleus, incus & stapes are located in which part of the body?

Ear

The organ of corti is located in the?

Ear

Ceruminous (aprocrine) glands secrete?

Earwax

What epidermal derivative is involved in temperature homeostasis?

Eccrine gland (Merocrine / Sweat gland)

Anaerobic respiration produces?

Energy and uses glucose, but produces less energy and does NOT require oxygen

What is endocytosis?

Engulfs and brings in (endo = internal)

What is the most protective layer of the skin?

Epidermis

The orthopedic surgeon informs you that you have broken the distal region of the humerus. What are is he describing?

Epiphysis

Hormones produced by the ovaries?

Estrogen and Progesterone

Sweat on the skin's surface cools the body through which process?

Evaporation

Urinary system in the human body primary task is to?

Expel waste

Which one up angle at the joint?

Extensor

The tympanic membrane is located between which structures?

External auditory canal & middle ear

An over production of cerumen (earwax) can accumulate in which area?

External ear and canals

Aqueous humor is watery fluid in which part of the body?

Eye (in front of eye, between the lens & cornea)

Fertilization of an ovum occurs in which anatomical structure?

Fallopian tubes (also called uterine tubes)

What bones are formed first during intramembranous ossification?

Flat bones of the skull, the mandible, and the clavicles.

What is the soft spot on a baby's head?

Fontanelle

Calcaneus is located in?

Foot

Dorsiflexion & Plantarflexion are types of joint movement that are associated with which part of the body

Foot

In white blood cells, what contributes to phagocytosis?

Macrophages and neutrophils

The top of the sternum is called?

Manubrium

Parts of the sternum?

Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid Process

When drawing blood from antecubital region, which blood vessel is used to obtain blood?

Median cubital

Part of the brain that attaches to the spinal cord?

Medulla oblongata

Which structure is resposible for normal respiratory function?

Medulla oblongta

ABCD of cancer?

Melanoma

Aerobic respiration takes place in?

Mitochondria and requires oxygen and glucose to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy

Osmosis is?

Movement of water across a membrane (low to high concentration)

Which condition causes a client to say, "I can't see far away?"

Nearsightedness (Think opposite, far is near, near is far)

Order of organization of living things?

Organelle, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organisms, Populations, Communities, Ecosystem, Biosphere

When water molecules move across the cell membrane from high to low concentration, this procress is called?

Osmosis

Which statement are true about bone?

Osteoblasts (build up of bone), Epiphysial (end of bone), Diaphysis (shaft of bone)

What is the definition of chyme?

Semi-fluid mass of partially digested food expelled by the stomach in the duodenum

Which structure is a ball & socket joint?

Shoulder

What is a characteristic of viral herpes

Skin Eruption

Which anatomical structure houses the malleus, incus & stapes?

Skull & Ear

Where in the body are nutrients absorbed?

Small intestine

The olfactory nerve is associated in which sense?

Smell

Fibrous joints are?

Stationary & held together by ligaments only

Ribs are attached to the?

Sternum

Layers of the epidermis?

Stratum Corneum, Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum, Basale

The Rough ER functions in the human cells to?

Synthesize proteins

What is mitosis?

The process of cell division that occurs in five stages before pinching two daughter cells in a process called cytokinesis

What are like cells grouped together called?

Tissue

Which structure conducts urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder?

Ureter

Which organ is part of both the male reproductive system and urinary system?

Urethra

Which muscle of the quad femoris group lies on the outer side surface of lower extremity?

Vastus Lateralis

Types of asexual reproduction?

binary fission and mitosis