HESI A2 grammer

Which of the following sentences uses DROP as a noun? A drop of paint left a stain on her blouse. Be careful and do not drop your phone in the water! I suggest you drop aerobics and do pilates instead. The recession made us drop our prices.

A drop of paint left a stain on her blouse.

Possessive Pronoun

A form of personal pronoun that shows possession or ownership. examples: "That is (my) book." "That book is (mine)." "That is (his) book." yours hers Its ours theirs A possessive pronoun does not have an apostrophe.

Textspeak

A language that is often used in text messages, emails, and other forms of electronic communication; it consists of abbreviations, slang, emoticons, and acronyms. it is inappropriate to use textspeak in formal communication, such as in academic and professional settings

Euphemism

A mild, indirect, or vague term that has been substituted for one that is considered harsh, blunt, or offensive. In many instances, euphemisms are used in a sympathetic manner to shield and protect. "passed away" instead of "died" "Let go" instead of "fired" "Make love" instead of "sex" "Put down" instead of "euthanized"

Participial Phrase

A phrase that is formed by a participle, its object, and the object's modifiers; the participial phrase functions as an adjective.

What is a simple sentence?

A simple sentence is a sentence that consists of one independent clause and expresses a complete thought. a sentence consisting of only one clause, with a single subject and predicate. The girl had not eaten since yesterday. This is a simple sentence. It has only one clause, one subject (the girl), and one predicate (eaten).

Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct? A. Before finishing the book, Karen knew how it would end. B. Hiking up the mountain, my legs began to feel weary. C. Speaking in public for the first time, sweat began to form on Ben's brow. D. After being lost at sea for weeks, the coast guard located the missing boat.

A. Before finishing the book, Karen knew how it would end. In this sentence, before finishing the book is a participial phrase that modifies Karen. The other sentences contain misplaced modifiers.

which word in the sentence is the adverb? I don't think you've studied enough for your exam.

enough

which word in the sentence is the adverb? The coach made the team run far during practice because many of them had been late.

far

find the preposition in the sentence. Alana moved from a cold town on the east coast to a warm city in the south

from

which word in the following sentence is a pronoun? The boy went fishing on the lake and he caught a fish

he

Just before the power went out, the baker in the oven had managed to put the cherry, peach, and apple pies. Which phrase should be moved to the end of the sentence? had managed to put the baker just before in the oven

in the oven A modifier is a phrase that functions as an adjective/descriptor for a noun or verb. In this sentence, the phrase, "in the oven," is the modifier, but it is misplaced. We need to move it to the end of the sentence for it to correctly state that the baker put the pies in the oven.

which word in the sentence is the verb? The little boy is hungry and sad.

is (Is) is the linking verb. It describes the state of the little boy

Right now, Sophie is setting the table and her husband _________ lunch. will make is making had made made

is making

Which word in the following sentence is a pronoun? Zoe turned it over to the police so they could look for evidence.

it

which word in the following sentence is a pronoun? the cat is black and it has a long tail

it

Select the correct word for the blank in the following sentence. The hospital downtown is known for __________ oncology department. It's its their they're

its The antecedent is hospital, which is a singular noun, so we must use the singular possessive "its" instead of the plural possessive "their".

subordinating conjunctions

join two clauses or thoughts (e.g., While the nurse was away on vacation, the hospital flooded.). While the nurse was away on vacation is dependent on the rest of the sentence to complete its meaning.

Barbara parked just before the hail began her car in the garage. Which phrase should be moved to the end of the sentence? her car Barbara parked before the hail just before the hail began

just before the hail began

possessive adjectives

my, your, his, her, its, our, their

identify the conjunction in the sentence. I do not have the time to cook a full breakfast in the morning, nor do I want to prepare it the night before.

nor

Run-On Sentence

occurs when two or more complete sentences are written as though they were one sentence. Examples: The professor thought the test was too easy the students thought it was too hard. - A comma splice is one kind of run-on sentence. It occurs when two independent clauses are joined by only a comma. The professor thought the test was too easy, the students thought it was too hard. - The problem can be solved by replacing the comma with a dash, a semicolon, or a colon; by adding a coordinating conjunction; or by making two separate sentences.

Select the correct word for the blank in the following sentence. The Portuguese team was faster than _______, we had no chance of winning. our′s ours ours′s ours′

ours Ours is the possessive noun form of the pronoun "we." Possessive pronouns do not take an apostrophe.

Which word in the following sentence is an adverb? Although the line was long, Stephen patiently waited for his turn to ride the roller coaster.

patiently is an adverb that modifies waited.

which word in the sentence is the adverb? I laughed about my dog licking my face until I smelled his really bad breath.

really

Personal Pronoun

refers to a specific person, place, thing, or idea by indicating the person speaking. (first person), [singular: I/me] or [plural: we/us] the person or people spoken to (second person), [singular & Plural: you] or any other person, place, thing, or idea being talked about (third person). [singular: he/she/him/her/it] or [plural: they/them] Personal pronouns also express numbers in that they are either singular or plural. example: "We" (first person plural) were going to ask "you" (second person singular) to give "them" (third person plural) a ride to the office.

which word in the sentence is the verb? The woman seems exhausted right now,

seems

identify the conjunction in the sentence. Sharon's grandmother baked several apple pies today, so her house smelled like sweet cinnamon.

so

which word in the sentence is the adverb? I have to go and pick up my little sister from soccer practice soon.

soon soon tells us when I have to pick up (verb) my sister.

identify the noun in the sentence. It was a lovely surprise to see.

surprise A surprise is an idea. It refers to the feeling of being surprised.

Select the word or phrase in the following sentence that is not used correctly: The teenagers' attitudes had worsened during the summer, yet the teacher's remained patient and hopeful for improvements. teenagers' attitudes teacher's improvements

teacher's The word teachers does not require an apostrophe, as it does not show ownership or possession of anything in the sentence. The correct way to use the word in this sentence is teachers.

Which word or phrase in the following sentence is an indirect object? The mother gave the babysitter very clear instructions. very clear instructions the babysitter The mother gave the baby sitter

the babysitter

Direct Object

the person or thing that is directly affected by the action of the verb. A direct object answers the question what or whom after a transitive verb. example: The students watched the professor distribute the examinations. The "professor" answers whom the students watched.

Indirect Object

the person or thing that is indirectly affected by the action of the verb. A sentence can have an indirect object only if it has a direct object. An indirect object answers the question to whom, for whom, to what, or for what after an action verb. Indirect objects come between the verb and direct object. Example: The professor gave his class the test results. "His class" is the indirect object. It comes between the verb (gave) and the direct object (test results), and it answers the question to whom

what is a simple subject?

the person, place, thing, or idea that is doing something or being described

Which word or phrase in the following sentence is the direct object? Reagan developed the photos immediately after arriving at home. the photos immediately after arriving at home developed

the photos A direct object is the person or thing that is receiving the action of the verb (developed). We can ask ourselves, "Developed what?" Reagan developed the photos.

which word in the following sentence is a pronoun? The workers have been working overtime and they will be getting paid extra.

they

"linking verbs"

they link, or join, the subject of the sentence to a noun, pronoun, or predicate adjective. A linking verb does not show action. Examples: am, is, are, was, were, being, been, look, grow, feel, be, become, seem, appear, smell, sound, stay, taste, prove, and turn (e.g., That man is my professor.).

Identify the dependent clause in the following sentence: The company will not sign the deal unless you make a better offer. The company will not sign the deal unless you make a better offer. will not sign the deal a better offer

unless you make a better offer.

which word in the sentence is the adverb? our new kitten is very tiny but she scares our big dog.

very it is used to add emphasis, and to show that something is "to great degree" it is emphasizes the degree of smallness of the kitten

Correlative conjunctions

work in pairs to join words or phrases they always stay in the same pairs. e.g., Neither the pharmacist nor her assistant could read the physician's handwriting. Two common pairs are neither and nor and either and or. These pairs should not be mixed; it is incorrect to use neither with or and either with nor. An easy way to remember this is to think that the two words that start with the letter "n" always go together.

which word in the sentence is the verb? The teachers write a lesson about mammals and fish.

write

identify the conjunction in the sentence. Tyrone loves being able to spend time with his family during the holidays, yet he does not quite agree with all of their political beliefs.

yet

Which of the following words is used incorrectly in the sentence below? Amaya packed everything for her international trip accept her passport. Accept Packed Her Everything

Accept Except is a preposition meaning excluding or to leave out. In this sentence, Amaya did not pack her passport, therefore "except" is the correct word to use. The sentence should read: Amaya packed everything for her international trip except her passport.

Cliché

An expression or idea that has lost its originality or impact over time because of excessive use. Examples: "blind as a bat", "dead as a doornail", "flat as a pancake", "raining cats and dogs", "keep a stiff upper lip", "let the cat out of the bag", "take the bull by the horns", "under the weather" Clichés should be avoided whenever possible because they are old, tired, and overused. If tempted to use a cliché, endeavor to rephrase the idea.

identify the interjection in the sentence. Awesome! you did a great job on your speech!

Awesome!

Select the best word for the blank in the following sentence. The organizer printed dozens of fliers and distributed them ___ the group of volunteers. A. along B. among C. between D. inside

B. among

Select the best word for the blank in the following sentence. If you don't take the medication as directed, it will not have the desired ______ on your health. A. affect B. effect C. effectiveness D. affectiveness

B. effect

Which word in the following sentence is a noun? He showed great bravery by saving them yesterday.

Bravery A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea. Bravery is an idea.

Which sentence uses QUIET as a noun? A. There was a quiet humming coming from the engine. B. The mother walked to the crib to quiet the crying baby. C. There was a suspenseful quiet before the storm. D. Please sit here as quiet as you can.

C. There was a suspenseful quiet before the storm.

Which word in the following sentence should be replaced? A nurse should always perform hand hygiene before she makes contact with the patient. A. nurse B. perform C. she D. patient

C. she The use of the pronoun she in the sentence is an example of sexist language. This problem can be avoided by making the subject plural (nurses) and employing a gender-neutral pronoun: Nurses should always perform hand hygiene before they make contact with the patient.

Which sentence is grammatically correct? A. Please bring all the items which are on the list. B. You should avoid acidic foods which cause indigestion. C. I enjoy books about Rome and Venice, that are places I'd like to visit. D. Be sure to follow the instructions that your teacher gave you.

D. Be sure to follow the instructions that your teacher gave you.

Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct? The cherries from the farmer′s market I bought yesterday were eaten by Edgar. Edgar ate all the cherries from the farmer′s market I bought yesterday. Yesterday, Edgar ate all the cherries from the farmer′s market I bought. Edgar ate all the cherries I bought from the farmer′s market yesterday.

Edgar ate all the cherries I bought from the farmer′s market yesterday.

Which sentence is grammatically incorrect? The manager made sure to ask the singer if he preferred to warm up with the rest of the chorus or by himself. She held the two pieces together so that they would not separate while the glue was drying. Gloria wasn't sure if she should tell Claudia that her brother had cheated on the test. The track team decided to end practice early so they could rest up before the big meet tomorrow.

Gloria wasn't sure if she should tell Claudia that her brother had cheated on the test. This is the only sentence that is grammatically incorrect. This sentence uses an unclear pronoun reference for her. We cannot tell if her refers to Gloria or Claudia, therefore it is unclear. A sentence with pronouns is grammatically correct if each pronoun has a clear antecedent.

what is the indirect object in the sentence? The professor gave his class the test results.

His class is the indirect object. It comes between the verb (gave) and the direct object (test results), and it answers the question to whom.

which word in the following sentence is a pronoun? After school, I quickly start to do homework

I

In the following sentence, what is the independent clause? I would be extremely surprised if the numbers showed a correlation between sugar intake and violent behavior. if the numbers showed a correlation between sugar intake and violent behavior. extremely surprised I would be extremely surprised a correlation between sugar intake and violent behavior.

I would be extremely surprised An independent clause expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a complete sentence. Remember that a clause (either type) must have both a subject and a verb

which of the following is a compound sentence? Have you checked this meat's expiration date? I've run out of lightbulbs, so I'm adding them to the shopping list. Even though he knew his jacket was stained, he couldn't care less about it. She couldn't come to my baby shower because she was too busy.

I've run out of lightbulbs, so I'm adding them to the shopping list. A compound sentence is a sentence that has at least two independent clauses ("I've run out of lightbulbs" and "I'm adding them to the shopping list") that are joined by a semicolon or, in this case, a comma and a conjunction (so).

subjective pronouns

I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they

Identify the INCOMPLETE sentence. The mission made a breakthrough. The astronomer discovered a new star. Left footprints on his way out. Julius never takes the train.

Left footprints on his way out.

In the following sentence, which is the complete subject? My sister's cheerleading coach asked me to join the team next year. asked me to join the team next year My sister's cheerleading coach asked cheerleading coach

My sister's cheerleading coach The person doing something is the coach, and we include the modifiers (my sister's cheerleading) to have the complete subject.

identify the interjection in the sentence. No way! I do not believe you saw an alien!

No way!

Which of the following sentences uses CAN as a noun? Noor transforms a can of beans into a delicious snack. The interpreter can speak seven languages. In this factory, they can all kinds of vegetables. Excess watering can be dangerous for potted plants.

Noor transforms a can of beans into a delicious snack. Noor transforms a can of beans into a delicious snack. In this sentence, the word "can" refers to a closed metal container, especially cylinder-shaped, in which some types of drink and food are sold. It is a thing, therefore it is a noun.

Which sentence is grammatically incorrect? Parker asked if he could visit a friend. My mom told me to clean my room. Parker messaged Leon to tell him he made the team. The toddler played with his friends at daycare.

Parker messaged Leon to tell him he made the team. This sentence uses an unclear pronoun reference with he. We cannot tell if the pronoun he refers to Parker or to Leon, so it is unclear. A sentence with pronouns is grammatically correct if each pronoun has a clear antecedent.

Which of the following words is used incorrectly in the sentence below? This was Amy's second year as a high school principle. Amy's Principle Was Second

Principle Principle is a noun that means rule, tenet or basic truth. The correct word to use here is "principal". Principal is a noun referring to the person of highest authority in an organization. This sentence is talking about a person (Amy), therefore "principal" is the correct word. The sentence should read: This was Amy's second year as a high school principal.

which word or phrase in the following sentence is the indirect object? Coach Bollinger presented Shane with the game ball after his record-breaking performance. Coach Bollinger the game ball after his record-breaking performance Shane

Shane The indirect object is the person or thing that is receiving the direct object. Shane received the game ball.

Which of the following sentences is grammatically incorrect? The furthest place I have ever visited is Bangkok. The mayor canceled the parades because it was storming. Abuela enjoys spending time with her loved ones. Shows no improvement in accuracy.

Shows no improvement in accuracy.

Which word or phrase in the following sentence is the subject? That blue shirt was a present from my grandmother. That That blue shirt a present my grandmother

That blue shirt In this case, a linking verb (was) is used to say something about the blue shirt (was a present from my grandmother). Therefore, "that blue shirt" is the subject of the sentence.

Predicate

The part of the sentence or clause containing a verb and stating something about a thing or person (the subject). The predicate can be as simple as just the verb in the sentence. Noun: "The child threw the ball," the subject is "the child" and the predicate is "threw the ball." Verb: she has predicated her theory on recent findings by other astronomers

The complete subject

The person, place, thing, or idea that is doing something or being described, along with all of its modifiers.

Identify the COMPLETE sentence. Afraid of stepping on his girlfriend's toes. The statue's finger points west. With a long and sharp knife. Tired of reading the same book over and over.

The statue's finger points west. This is the only complete sentence. It has a subject (the statue's finger) and a predicate (points west), and it expresses a complete thought.

Identify the complete sentence. Whether he will be able to arrive on time. Building the church. After the public′s big applause They enjoyed the movie.

They enjoyed the movie. Every sentence must contain a subject and predicate. "They enjoyed the movie." is correct because the subject is "they" and the predicate is "enjoyed the movie"

Which of the following is a simple sentence? Tomatoes are delicious with just a dash of salt. Guillermo wondered why none of his teachers could say his name properly. The sun shone on the snow; it was a lovely sight. Melissa wanted to go with them, but she really needed to study.

Tomatoes are delicious with just a dash of salt. This is a simple sentence. A simple sentence is a sentence consisting of only one clause, with a single subject (tomatoes) and predicate (are).

Which sentence uses fast as an adjective? I had no idea he could ride a bike that fast. Victoria hoped it would be a fast trip to the store.

Victoria hoped it would be a fast trip to the store.

which word in the sentence is the adverb? You have to turn in the research project on Wednesday.

Wednesday

Misplaced Modifier

Words or groups of words that are not located properly in relation to the words they modify. Example: I fear my teaching assistant may have discarded the test I was grading in the trash can. Was the test being graded in the trash can? The modifier in the trash can has been misplaced. The sentence should be rewritten so that the modifier is next to the word, phrase, or clause that it modifies. Example: I fear the test I was grading may have been discarded in the trash can by my teaching assistant.

which word in the sentence is the adverb? He forgot that he was supposed to go see the doctor yesterday.

Yesterday Yesterday tells when he forgot (verb) to go see the doctor. He forgot about it yesterday.

Which of the following is a complex sentence? We can hit the road now, or we can wait for your sister to call us. The appetizers were served in the very ornamented living-room. The Iranian musician had a long dark beard and a bald head. The child blew on the bowl of soup because it was too hot.

The child blew on the bowl of soup because it was too hot. A complex sentence has an independent clause ("the child blew on the bowl of soup") and at least one dependent clause ("because it was too hot").

Which of the following sentences is grammatically incorrect? Kayla and Jazmin watched a scary movie last night. Martin was the fastest player on the team. The lecturer always give us the materials prior to the seminar. Amani's brother is much taller than her.

The lecturer always give us the materials prior to the seminar. The word "give" is used incorrectly in this sentence. A subject must agree with its verb in number. The subject in this sentence (the lecturer) is singular, so it requires a singular verb (i.e. gives). Give is a plural verb, therefore it is incorrectly used in this sentence. The sentence should read: The lecturer always gives us the materials prior to the seminar.

Predicate Nominative

a noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and helps to explain or rename the subject. examples: "Professors are teachers." teachers is the predicate nominative "John was a policeman." policeman is the predicate nominative "A dog is man's best friend." man's best friend is the predicate nominative "She will be the fairy."

Which word or phrase in the following sentence is a predicate nominative? After finishing high school, Edward became a plumber. became Edward a plumber finishing high school

a plumber

Compound Sentence

a sentence that has at least two independent clauses joined by a comma, semicolon, or conjunction. A sentence that has two or more independent clauses. Each independent clause has a subject and a predicate and can stand alone as a sentence. The girl had not eaten since yesterday, but she still was not hungry. This is a compound sentence. It has two independent clauses that are combined using a comma and conjunction (but).

Conjunction

a word that joins words, phrases, or clauses. Words that serve as coordinating conjunctions are and, but, or, so, nor, for, and yet (FANBOYS) Example: The nurse asked to work the early shift, but her request was denied.

Pronoun

a word that takes the place of a noun, another pronoun, or a group of words acting as a noun. The word or group of words to which a pronoun refers is called the antecedent. example: The students wanted their test papers graded and returned to them in a timely manner. - The word "student" is the antecedent of the pronouns their and them.

Subject

a word, phrase, or clause that names whom or what the sentence is about. Examples: Jennifer walked to the store. - In this sentence, the subject is "Jennifer" and the verb is "walked." After lunch, I will call my mother. - In the sentence, the subject is "I" and the verb is "will call."

Which sentence uses NOTE as a verb? a. Please note in your planners, you must have your presentation finished by Friday. b. Carolina hit a very high note in her performance. c. Tanya passed a note to her best friend in the class. d. She paid four hundred dollars a month for her car note.

a. Please note in your planners, you must have your presentation finished by Friday.

Select the sentence in which WHEEL is used as a verb. a. Please wait for the nurse to wheel you out to your car. B. She needed help to find the wheel small enough to fit her bike C. Can you believe how much a new wheel cost these days? D. The wheel of my bike almost hit my mom's car when I turned into the driveway

a. Please wait for the nurse to wheel you out to your car.

Predicate Adjective

an adjective that follows a linking verb and helps to explain the subject. My professors are "wonderful". "the sun is hot," "hot" is a predicate adjective.

identify the conjunction in the sentence. Rosa was late to arrive at the transit center and she missed her bus by three minutes

and

which word in the sentence is the adverb? Mom angrily packed the diaper bag into the car.

angrily

which word in the sentence is the verb? Martin appears very tired today.

appears this is a linking verb that tells us of the state of being of Martin

Select the sentence in which WELL is used as an adverb. a. My grandmother has not been well for the past few weeks and I am worried about her b. My son called me today to tell me he did well on his math test. c. Be careful when you play outside because there is a hidden well in our backyard d. Well! That is certainly not something I expected to see!

b. My son called me today to tell me he did well on his math test.

identify the noun in the sentence. They like to park beside the building

building noun is a person, place, thing, or idea building is a thing, so it is a noun

Which word or phrase in the following sentence is the dependent clause? I invited Shirley to the party, but she couldn′t make it. I invited Shirley but she couldn′t make it to the party I invited

but she couldn′t make it

find the preposition in the sentence. The new fabric shop sells the material by the meter

by

Select the sentence in which CUT is used as a noun. a. The little boy cut the line without realizing what he was doing. b. My little sister cut out hearts to give to everyone on Valentine's Day. c. This paper cut hurts more than when I sprained my ankle. d. Sadly, we had to cut down my favorite tree before we moved.

c. This paper cut hurts more than when I sprained my ankle.

Which sentence uses the word INTEREST as a verb? a. The candidate listed her interests as cycling and reading. b. I lost interest after a few minutes of listening to her. c. Those frivolities are not topics that interest me. d. Put the money into a savings account where it will earn interest.

c. Those frivolities are not topics that interest me.

identify the noun in the sentence. They sat on the tall chairs.

chairs A chair is a thing, therefore it is a noun. Remember: They is a pronoun. It does represent a group of people, BUT it is only referring to that group of people. In order for it to be a noun, we would have to know who was in the group, such as "the students" or "my family."I

What is a complex sentence?

complex sentence has an independent clause and at least one dependent clause Although she hasn't eaten yet, she still isn't hungry. This is a complex sentence. It has an independent clause (she still isn't hungry) and a dependent clause (Although she hasn't eaten yet).

In the following sentence, which is the simple subject? Measuring cups of all sizes make great additions to sensory bins. cups bins make of all sizes

cups because it is the person, place, thing, or idea that is doing something or being described. This sentence is explaining what the cups make, so it is the subject of the sentence.