HESI PEDS-set #1

Which age should the nurse anticipate that a toddler-age client will begin to develop awareness of ownership?

18 months.

age of school-age child

6-12 years

How many hours of sleep should the nurse recommend for the 5-year-old client?

A 5-year-old school-age client requires 11.5 hours of sleep per night, by the age of five, children rarely take daytime naps

What gross motor skill is found in children between two to four months of age?

A child between birth and one month has predominant inborn reflexes.

what age can a child creep on their hands and knees?

A child between eight and 10 months of age can creep on their hands and knees.

what age can a child sit alone without support?

A child between six and eight months of age can sit alone without support.

what age can a child bear his or her weight on the forearms when in the prone position?

A child between two and four months of age is able to bear his or her weight on the forearms when in the prone position.

Erikson's Theory

A psychoanalytic theory in which eight stages of psychosocial development unfold throughout the human life span. Each stage consists of a unique developmental task that confronts individuals with a crisis that must be faced. (psychosocial development)

How many hours of sleep should the nurse recommend for the 11-year-old client?

A school-age client who is 11 years of age would require 9 hours of sleep each night.

How many hours a day does a toddler sleep during the day?

A toddler sleeps an average of 12 hours during the day, whereas a preschooler sleeps for 12 hours during the night and less in the daytime. T

gross motor development of 10 month old

When a child is 10 months old, the child can change from a prone to a sitting position.

What behavior is exhibited by adolescents?

Adolescents refine and synchronize physical, psychosocial, cognitive, and moral skills to become an accepted member of society.

gross motor development of 8 month old

At 8 months of age the child should be able to stand by holding onto furniture, because the child readily bears weight on the legs when supported.

What in students is being assessed when a school nurse conducts audiometric screenings?

Audiometric screening permits assessment of hearing ability. It does not pinpoint the type of hearing loss.

gross motor development of 9 month old

When a child is at least 9 months old, the child can sit steadily on the. floor for a prolonged period of time

blood pressure of child between 10 - 13 years

Between the ages of 10 and 13 years, normal blood pressure is 110/65 mm Hg.

A nurse is reviewing the healthcare provider's prescriptions for a school-aged child with diarrhea caused by a Salmonella infection. Should a prescription for Bismuth subsalicylate (Kaopectate), 2 teaspoons after each stool be given?

Bismuth subsalicylate (Kaopectate) has adsorbent and demulcent effects (agent that forms a soothing film over a mucous membrane, relieving minor pain and inflammation of the membrane); stool will stay in the intestine longer, which will allow the organism to infect the intestinal mucosa. Bismuth subsalicylate works by decreasing the flow of fluids and electrolytes into the bowel, reduces inflammation within the intestine

The client reports excessive bleeding during the menstruation. Which herbal therapies are unlikely to be prescribed by the primary healthcare provider?

Chamomile is an antispasmodic agent that helps to reduce breast pain. Chaste tree fruit is used to reduce breast pain by reducing the prolactin levels.

Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development Level 2

Conventional level, has stage 3 (good boy/girl-during the good boy-nice girl orientation stage an adolescent's moral decisions and right behavior is influenced by wanting to win the approval of and maintain the expectations of one's immediate group such as peers) and stage 4 (law and order (society maintaining orientation)-adolescents expand their focus from a relationship with others to societal concerns. )

Diclofenac

Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug used to relieve pain in endometriosis

Which are resources that enable the family of a preschool-age client to develop and adapt to stressors?

Education, prior experiences, and adequate finances are all resources that enable families to develop and adapt to stressors

A school-aged child who has undergone cardiac catheterization is being discharged. What should the nurse include in the discharge instructions to the parents?

Give sponge baths for 3 days to prevent infection; the catheter insertion site should not be submerged in water; sponge baths limit trauma and infection at the insertion site. Fluids should be encouraged to enhance excretion of the contrast medium used during the procedure. The child is sent home without a pressure dressing. Ice compresses are contraindicated because they will cause vasoconstriction and may compromise circulation

Isotretinoin

Isotretinoin is an oral agent that is effective against severe cystic acne.

Mongolian spots

Large dark areas of pigmentation over the buttocks are a common birth defect known as Mongolian spots. These hyperpigmented areas can resemble bruising but lessen over time and usually disappear by the time the child reaches school age. Mongolian spots are not caused by bleeding, trauma, or abuse.

Metronidazole

Medication used to treat bacterial vaginosis

Miconazole and clotrimazole

Medications used to treat candidiasis

basic care of a 6-month-old infant with eczema.

Nonhuman milk can exacerbate eczema. Cotton clothing seems to be tolerated the best by infants with eczema. cut fingernails low.

True statements about adolescents in the United States

Overall teen pregnancy rates have decreased in the US during the last 25 years. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia are two eating disorders found in adolescents in the US. Homicide is not infrequent; it is the second leading cause of death among adolescents in the US. Motor vehicle collision and homicide not suicide is the leading cause of death among adolescents in the US. Eighty-five percent of teens and not 50% have used alcohol by high school graduation in the US.

Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development Level 1

Pre-moral level/pre-conventional, has stage 1 (punishment avoidance and absolute obedience to authority and rules) and stage 2 (instrumental relativist orientation-there is more than one correct view, at this level an individual obeys rules and follows society's norms even when there are no consequences for obedience or disobedience)

physical development of a preschooler

Preschoolers grow 6.2 to 7.5 cm per year. Preschoolers gain about 5 lbs (2.26 kg) per year. They also grow double their length at around 4 years old. The average weight of a 4 year old is 37 lbs (16.78 kg).

What behavior is exhibited by preschoolers?

Preschoolers refine the mastery of their bodies and eagerly await the beginning of formal education.

Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development level 3

Principled level/post-conventional, has stage 5 (social contract-during the postconventional reasoning level, an individual follows societal laws but recognize the possibility of changing the law to improve society.) and stage 6 (universal ethical principles), based on justice

The client reports excessive bleeding during the menstruation. Which herbal therapies are likely to be prescribed by the primary healthcare provider?

Raspberry, lady's mantle, and shepherd's purse are uterotonic drugs used to treat menorrhea.

Babinski reflex

Reflex in which a newborn fans out the toes when the sole of the foot is touched

Which term should the nurse use when describing the physical growth that occurs during the toddler years?

Steplike

Which drug used to treat syphilis is contraindicated in pregnancy?

Tetracycline can be administered to clients with syphilis who are allergic to penicillin G. This drug is contraindicated in pregnant women, as it can cause birth defects or staining/discoloration to the fetus' developing teeth if given during the second trimester.

respiratory rate of child

The acceptable range in a child is 20-30 breaths/minute.

The parents of a preschooler inform the nurse that their child often develops diarrhea and ask whether there might be anything wrong with the child's stomach. Upon assessment, the nurse also finds that the child has poor oral care and is at risk for dental caries. What is the most probable cause for the child's health issues?

The child consumes excessive amounts of fruit juice, if the child consumes excessive fruit juice or sweetened beverages, it increases the risk for dental caries and gastrointestinal conditions, such as chronic diarrhea.

blood pressure of infants

The normal blood pressure in infants is 85/54 mm Hg.

blood pressure of toddler

The nurse is most likely to find 95/65 mm Hg

blood pressure of child above 6 years

The optimal blood pressure for children above the age of 6 years is 105/65 mm Hg.

respiratory rate of infant

The respiratory rate in a 6-month-old infant is 30-50 breaths/minute

What behavior is exhibited by toddlers?

Toddlers tend to have temper tantrums. Toddlers also learn about how to control situations.

Trazodone

Trazodone is used in cases of erectile dysfunction.

A nurse is teaching the parents of a school-aged child with sickle cell anemia about ways to prevent sickling. What should the nurse explain as the primary cause of sickling?

Under conditions of decreased oxygen, the relatively insoluble hemoglobin S changes its molecular structure to form long, slender crystals and eventually the crescent, or sickled, shape. Hemodilution, accomplished with increased fluids, helps prevent sickling.

what is the primary developmental milestone to be accomplished between 12 and 15 months of age?

Walking is the primary developmental milestone for this age group; 1-year-olds are capable of the balance and agility required for walking. A child learns to climb stairs around 15 to 18 months of age. The ability to use a spoon is not developed until 18 months of age. Speaking is not the priority at this age.

what will make an infant become cyanotic, diaphoretic, and limp?

a bowel movement, the Valsalva maneuver can occasionally initiate a hypercyanotic spell ("tet spell," "blue spell")

Misoprostol, mifepristone, and methotrexate

drugs used to induce abortion after confirmed pregnancy

According to Piaget during which developmental state is the pediatric client egocentric?

early childhood (pre-school age)

ulipristal, levonorgestrel, and a combination of estrogen and progestin.

emergency contraception

Which food group has the lowest level of sodium compared with the other food groups?

fruit has a lower level of sodium, even lower than vegetables

Leuprolide and nafarelin acetate

gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists used to treat endometriosis

respiratory rate of newborn

in newborns, it is 35-40 breaths/minute.

respiratory rate of toddler

respiratory rate range in a toddler is 25-32 breaths/minute.

Piaget's stages of development

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational (cognitive theory)