HESI Practice Questions - Foundations

Order to remove PPE

1. Gloves 2. Face Shield 3. Gown 4. Mask

Which is the maximum recommended length for enema tube insertion in an adolescent?

10 cm

Which type of hepatitis virus spreads through contaminated food or water? a. Hep A b. Hep B c. Hep C d. Hep D

A. Hep A

Which complication will a nurse monitor for before replacement steroid therapy is regulated fully in a client who has had an adrenalectomy? a. hypotension b. hypokalemia c. hypernatremia d. hyperglycemia

A. Hypotension

Which age-related effects on the immune system occur in the older client? a. increased autoantibodies b. increased expression of IL-2 receptors. c. increased delayed hypersensitivity reaction. d. increased primary and secondary antibody responses.

A. Increased autoantibodies

Which theories are relevant only to development in adults? SATA a. Piaget's b. Erikson's c. Kohlberg's d. Stage-crisis e. Life Span approach

D & E

Which amount would the nurse recognize as the normal value of a client's inspiratory reserve volume? a. 0.5 L b. 1 L c. 1.5 L d. 3 L

D. 3 L Tidal Volume = 0.5 L Expiratory Reserve Volume = 1 L Residual Volume = 1.5 L

Which volume of solution would be prepared when the nurse receives an order to prepare a solution for administering a cleansing enema for an adolescent client? a. 150-250 mL b. 250-350 mL c. 100-500 mL d. 500-750 mL

D. 500-750 mL

Which sexually transmitted infection is caused by HPV? a. Gonorrhea b. Genital Herpes c. Chlamydia Infection d. Condylomata Acuminata

d. Condylomata Acuminata

Which psychophysiological factors influence communication between the nurse and a client? SATA a. privacy level b. emotional status c. information exchange d. level of caring expressed e. growth and development

B & D

Which action transmits the HIV? SATA a. Multiple mosquito bites b. sharing syringe needles c. breast feeding a newborn d. dry kissing an infected individual e. anal intercourse f. sharing drinking glasses

B, C, and E

Which is the most important skill of the nurse leader? a. priority setting b. time management c. clinical decision making d. clinical care coordinator

D. Clinical care coordinator all others are secondary components of the clinical care coordinator

When examining a health care organization under the rubric of the Magnet Recognition Program's 14 forces of magnetism, the nurse would review the structural empowerment of the organization for which force of magnetism? a. Qualify of care b. Quality improvement c. Interdisciplinary relationships d. Personnel policies and programs

d. Personnel policies and programs

Which feature, according to Benner, is observed in the nurse at the "proficient" level? a. Learns by means of a set of rules. b. Identifies the principles of nursing care. c. Identifies problems related to the health care system. d. Focuses on managing care rather than managing skills.

d. Focuses on managing care rather than managing skills.

Which statement is true about the nursing model of team nursing? a. The RN is responsible for all aspects of client care. b. Client care can be delegated to other members of the health care team. c. The RN works directly with the client, family members, and health care team members. d. Hierarchical communication exists from charge nurse to charge nurse, charge nurse to team leader, and team leader to team members.

d. Hierarchical communication exists from charge nurse to charge nurse, charge nurse to team leader, and team leader to team members. **all others are examples of the Nursing Model of Total Client Care**

Which caring intervention helps provide comfort, dignity, respect, and peace to a client? a. listening b. spiritual caring c. providing presence d. relieving pain and suffering

d. Relieving pain and suffering

Which trigger woudl the nurse instruct a client to avoid to decrease the incidence of asthma attacks? SATA a. mold b. cold air c. pet dander d. air pollution e. cigarette smoke

all

Which workers would the nurse consider to be at high risk of developing dermatitis? SATA a. dry cleaners b. dye workers c. lathe operators d. hospital workers e. agricultural workers

A & B

Which basic human need belongs to the fourth level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? SATA a. Self-worth b. Achievement c. Security needs d. Belonging needs e. Self-actualization

A & B self worth and achievement

Which factor(s) increase the risk of nurses making medication errors in the health care setting? SATA a. Stress b. Fatigue c. Overwork d. Equipment Malfunction e. Increased Documentation

A, B, & C

Which risk factor increases a client's risk for infection in the community? SATA a. Lifestyle b. Occupation c. Chronic Disease d. Frequent Traveling e. Diagnostic Procedures

A, B, & D

Which critical thinking skill will help a student nurse avoid making assumptions about clients? a. analysis b. inference c. evaluation d. explanation

A. Analysis

The nursing student is learning about the realms of family life. Which component would be included while learning about integrity processes? a. Family rituals b. Family relationships c. Family life stressors and daily hassles d. Family care taking and responsibility

A. Family Rituals

Which therapeutic communication technique is used when the nurse and a client have a conversation and the client begins to repeat the conversation to self? a. focusing b. clarifying c. paraphrasing d. summarizing

A. Focusing

Which gland secretes melatonin? a. pineal gland b. thyroid gland c. adrenal gland d. parathyroid gland

A. Pineal Gland

Which statement regarding acne are correct? SATA a. acne is a hormonal disease b. acne may be caused by stress c. family history could be a reason for acne d. propinibacterium acnes causes acne e. acne is commonly found on the face, chest, upper back and neck

B, C, D, E

A client with a diagnosis of malabsorption syndrome exhibits a symptom of spastic muscle spasms. Which electrolyte is responsible for this symptom? a. Na b. Ca c. K d. Ph

B. Calcium

To which part of the respiratory system would the client's radiology report refer when identifying the angle of Louis? a. Hilum b. Carina c. Alveoli d. Epiglottis

B. Carina

The nurse is caring for a client admitted with COPD. Which lab test would the nurse monitor for hypoxia? a. RBC b. Sputum culture c. ABG d. Hemoglobin

C. ABG

Which type of bone tumor occurs most commonly in elderly clients? a. Endochroma b. Osteosarcoma c. Chondrosarcoma d. Osteochondroma

C. Chondrosarcoma Endochorma (10-20 y/o) Osteosarcoma & Osteochondroma (10-25 y/o)

Which program is least likely to focus on medication delivery process modification? a. evaluation research b. quality improvement c. experimental research d. performance improvement

C. Experimental Research

Which domain of the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) taxonomy includes care supporting the health of the community? a. Domain 1 b. Domain 2 c. Domain 6 d. Domain 7

D. Domain 7 -domain 1: interventions that support physical functioning. -domain 2: includes care that supports homeostatic regulation. -domain 6: incorporates interventions that support the effective use of health care delivery system.

Which surgery will a client undergo if the pituitary gland msut be removed? a. mastectomy b. prostatectomy c. thyroidectomy d. hypophysectomy

D. Hypophysectomy

Which intervention reflects the nurse's approach of "family as a context"? a. Working to make the client comfortable b. Evaluating the client family's coping skills. c. Determining the client family's energy level. d. Trying to meet the client family's nutritional needs.

a. Working to make the client comfortable

Which organism would the nurse identify as causing syphilis? a. Treponema pallidum b. Campylobacter jejuni c. Trichomonas vaginalis d. Chlamydia trachomatis

A. Treponema Pallidum Campylobacter = proctitis Trichomonas = vulvovaginitis Chlamydia = salpingitis

Which infection is the most common cause of ophthalmia neonatorum in infants? a. chlamydia b. gonorrhea c. HPV d. Herpes

A. chlamydia

Which is the etiological factor of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (DI)? a. Meningitis b. Lithium therapy c. Graves Disease D. Sulfonamide therapy

B. Lithium therapy

School health nursing programs have which goal? a. Health Promotion b. Disease Management c. Chronic Care Management d. Environmental Surveillance

A. Health Promotion

Which theorist suggested that the goal of nursing is to use communication to help clients reestablish a positive adaption to their environment? a. King b. Peplau c. Nightingale d. Benner & Wrubel

A. King

For which client illness would airborne precautions be implemented? a. Influenza b. Chickenpox c. Pneumonia d. Respiratory Syncytial Virus

B. Chickenpox Syncytial Virus is contact

Which caring process is defined as "facilitating the other's passage through life transitions and unfamiliar events," according to Swanson's theory of caring? a. Knowing b. Enabling c. Doing for d. Being with

B. Enabling -knowing process = understanding an event in terms of what it means to the life of another. -doing for = caring involves doing for others as one would want for oneself.

Which critical thinking skill in nursing practice requires the nurse to possess knowledge and experience for choosing care strategies for clients? a. Analysis b. Inference c. Explanation d. Interpretation

C. Explanation

Which sexually transmitted infection is managed with antiviral medications as the treatment of choice? a. syphilis b. gonorrhea c. genital herpes d. chlamydial infection

C. Genital Herpes all others are caused by bacteria

Which point would the nurse NOT associate with grand theories of nursing? a. Require further specification through research. b. Systematic and broad in scope and complex. c. Mishel's theory of uncertainty in illness. d. Do not provide guidance for specific nursing interventions.

C. Mishel's theory of uncertainty in illness.

Which stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development would the nurse observe in a preschooler? a. Sensorimotor b. Preoperational c. Formal operations d. Concrete operations

b. Preoperational

Which response would the nurse implement when the spouse of a client with TB receives a TB skin test and is found to have an area of induration greater than 10 mm? a. no further action is required at this time. b. additional tests are necessary to determine the infection status. c. immediately repeat the skin test for confirmation. d. results are positive, indicating an active infect.

b. additional tests are necessary to determine the infection status.

Which cation regulates intracellular osmolarity? a. sodium b. potassium c. calcium d. calcitonin

b. potassium (Na is the most abundant EXTRAcellular cation that regulates serum osmolarity)

Which statement is not true of descriptive theories? a. The first level of theory development is a descriptive theory. b. The role of a descriptive theory is to explain, relate, and in some situations predict nursing phenomena. c. Descriptive theories help direct specific nursing activities. d. These theories describe phenomena, speculate on why they occur, and describe their consequences.

c. Descriptive theories help direct specific nursing activities.

Which advice will the nurse provide about doxorubicin to a client with Hodgkin's disease? a. Cease taking any medication that contain vitamin D. b. Keep the doxorubicin in a dark place protected from light. c. Expect urine to turn red for a few days after taking this medication. d. Take the doxorubicin on an empty stomach with large amounts of fluids.

c. Expect urine to turn red for a few days after taking this medication.

The RN instructs a nursing student to use knowledge and experience to choose proper strategies when caring for clients. Which critical thinking skill would the RN be explaining? a. Analysis b. Evaluation c. Explanation d. Interpretation

c. Explanation

Which behavioral characteristic, according to temperament theory, is demonstrated by a slow-to-warm up child? a. highly active b. irritable and irregular in habits c. negative reaction to new stimuli d. a positive mild to moderately intense mood

c. negative reaction to new stimuli

The model of primacy of caring is the base for development of which theory? a. Roy's theory b. Watson's theory c. Neuman's theory d. Benner and Wrubel's theory

d. Benner and Wrubel's theory

Which skill in critical thinking requires the nurse to be orderly in data collection? a. analysis b. inference c. evaluation d. interpretation

d. Interpretation

Which statement must the nurse emphasize to the family when preparing a school aged child with persistent asthma for discharge? a. A cold & dry environment is desirable. b. Limits should not be placed on the child's behavior. c. The health problem is gone when symptoms subside. d. Medications must be continued even when the child is asymptomatic.

d. Medications must be continued even when the child is asymptomatic.

Nursing judgment has which number of critical thinking levels? ______

3 1) Basic critical thinking: nurse has faith that the expert has the right answer to each problem. 2) Complex critical thinking: nurse examines & analyzes information provided by the expert. 3) Commitment: nurse can make choices without the help of others.

Within which component of the nursing process would the nurse note evidence of swelling and skin discoloration of the client's lower extremities? a. Input b. Output c. Content d. Feedback

A. Input input is the data or information that comes from a client's assessment, such as how the client interacts with the environment and the clients physiological function.

Which parameter describes the maximum volume of air a client's lungs may contain? a. Vital capacity b. Total lung capacity c. Inspiratory capacity d. Functional residual capacity

B. Total lung capacity

Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary gland? a. Oxytocin b. Prolactin c. Growth Hormone d. Luteinizing Hormone

A. Oxytocin all others are released by the anterior pituitary gland

Which hormone has both inhibiting and releasing action? a. Prolactin b. Somatostatin c. Somatotropin d. Gonadotropin

A. Prolactin -Somatostatin inhibits the secretion of growth hormone. -Somatotropin and Gonadotropin are releasing hormones.

Which type of cells are deficient in DiGeorge Syndrome? a. T cells b. B cells c. Monocytes d. Polymorphonuclear cells

A. T cells

Which approach is a comforting approach that communicates concern and support? a. touch b. listening c. knowing the client d. providing a positive presence

A. Touch

The nurse should expect to take which action to help alleviate anxiety for a client scheduled for a colostomy? a. administer a PRN sedative. b. encourage the PT to express feelings. c. explain the post-procedure course of treatment. d. reassure the PT that there are others with this problem.

B. Encourage the client to express feelings.

Which database would the nurse use to find studies related to allied health sciences? a. EMBASE b. MEDLINE c. National Guidelines Clearinghouse d. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

B. MEDLINE

When a client injures the amphiarthrodial joint, which joint did the client injure? a. knee joint b. pelvic joint c. elbow joint d. cranial joint

B. Pelvic Joint -Knee and Elbow = diarthrodial joints

Which intervention would the nurse recommend if a teenager being discharged with a cast experiences pruritus around the cast edges? a. scratch the itchy area gently. b. put an ice pack on the affected area. c. sprinkle a layer of powder around the itchy spots. d. ask your doctor for a prescription for an antihistamine.

B. Put an ice pack on the affected area.

Which therapeutic communication technique is a coping strategy to help the nurse and client adjust to stress? a. sharing hope b. sharing humor c. sharing empathy d. sharing observations

B. Sharing Humor

Which organism would the nurse explain was responsible for a client's recent diagnosis of malaria? a. Vibrio b. Sporozoa c. Ringworm d. Spirochetes

B. Sporozoa

Which action would the nurse take to decrease the risk of transmission of VRE? a. insert a urinary catheter b. initiate droplet precautions c. move the client to a private room d. use a high-efficiency particulate air respirator during care.

C. Move the client to a private room. Contact Precautions

When monitoring a client 24-48 hours after abdominal surgery. The nurse would assess for which problem associated with anesthetic agents? a. colitis b. stomatitis c. paralytic ileus d. GI reflux

C. Paralytic Ileus

An older adult is experiencing emotional stress after a recent surgery. Which intervention would be most appropriate for the client? a. tough b. reminiscence c. reality orientation d. validation therapy

C. Reality Orientation

Which mechanism is specifically responsible for the action of the medication ranitidine? a. PPI b. promote the release of gastrin c. regenerate the gastric mucosa d. inhibit the histamine at H2 receptors

D. Inhibit the histamine at H2 receptors

Which finding in a urinalysis indicates a UTI? a. crystals b. bilirubin c. ketones d. leukoesterase

D. Leukoesterase

The nurse is helping a client and the family to set and meet goals. Which professional role is the nurse displaying? a. educator b. advocate c. manager d. caregiver

D. caregiver

The home health care nurse visits a client who lives with two grandchildren. Which term would the nurse use to define this family form? a. nuclear family b. extended family c. single parent family d. skip generation family

D. skip generation family

Which goal of nursing would the nurse associate with Watson's theory? a. Help the client attain total self-care. b. Develop a positive interaction between the nurse and the client. c. Work independently with other health care workers. d. Promote health, restore the client to health, and prevent illness.

d. Promote health, restore the client to health, and prevent illness.