HESI TEST

A woman's body usually ovulates around what day in a normal 28 day cycle?

14 day This is when a surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) is released by the anterior pituitary gland, which stimulates ovulation and the conversion of the follicle into the corpus luteum.

How many pairs of spinal nerves exit the spinal cord?

31

Which organ within the digestive system is a site of both mechanical and chemical digestion?

Both mechanical and chemical digestion occur in the stomach. Mechanical digestion includes churning, while chemical digestion includes the release of HCl and pepsin to degrade ingested proteins.

What is the function of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)?

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) serves as a secondary messenger inside of a cell. It is made from ATP by the enzyme adenylate cyclase, which is located on the inner side of the cell membrane. Adenylate cyclase activity is controlled by hormonal signaling. Thus, a hormone is secreted by an endocrine gland and binds to a receptor on a target cell. This binding influences adenylate cyclase activity, which then influences cAMP levels inside the cell. The change in cAMP levels inside the cell affect the activity of specific enzymes. Thus, cAMP is not part of the cell membrane, does not provide energy for the cell, nor is it an endocrine hormone

Which is a steroid hormone?

Estrogen is a steroid hormone. Insulin and calcitonin are peptide hormones. Adrenaline is an amine hormone.

Estrogen serves what primary function in the female reproductive system?

Estrogen serves to thicken the endometrium in preparation for pregnancy, in addition to other functions.

What is the best definition of homeostasis?

Homeostasis refers to how the body maintains a stable internal environment despite changes internally and externally. 'Homeo' refers to sameness while and 'stasis' refers to equilibrium.

What is the relationship between sarcomeres, myofibrils, and muscle cells?

Muscle cells contain myofibrils, which in turn are made up of sarcomeres.

Which of the following is true about simple reflexes?

Simple reflexes, known also as spinal reflexes, travel through the spinal cord only, and do not reach the brain.

Which of the following is NOT a role of cortisol?

The nervous system controls motor impulses. The other choices are all roles of cortisol, a hormone released during stress from the adrenal cortex

What is the name of the structure that transfers urine from the kidneys to the bladder?

The ureters are the structures that allow urine to flow from the kidneys to the bladder

Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive tract?

To perform gas exchange.

A person who has torn their vastus lateralis muscle will need which of the following?

a cane or crutches

Which anatomical directional term refers to a body part being located toward the front of the body?

anterior

What is the shaft of a long bone called?

diaphysis

Where is the pectoralis major muscle located?

chest

Which organelles are hair-like extensions that move substances over a cell's surface?

cilia

Which best describes how the endocrine system works?

communication through the use of hormones The endocrine system of the body manufactures hormones in specific glands. Each gland then secretes specific hormones into the bloodstream where they are disseminated throughout the body. Each hormone stimulates certain cells to perform certain actions. Hormones are signaling molecules

The neuron is composed of ________, which transmit signals toward the cell body, and a(n) _______, which transmits signals away from the cell body

dendrites, axon

What is primarily regulated by the medulla oblongata?

heart rate

A medical scientist studies the parenchyma of the kidney. What specific type of science is this?

histology

Where is Vitamin K created in the body?

large intestines

Which pair of hormones regulates blood calcium homeostasis?

parathyroid hormone and calcitonin Blood calcium homeostasis is regulated by parathyroid hormone (made by the parathyroid) and calcitonin (made by the thyroid). Parathyroid hormone works to increase blood calcium levels when low, while calcitonin works to decrease blood calcium levels when high

posterior

refers to a body part being located toward the back of the body.

Superior

refers to something being located toward the top (head) of the body.

Which body part lacks keratin?

teeth