HIS 101 Final
The overriding goal of the Catholic religious orders established in the sixteenth century was
to uplift the moral condition of both clergy and laity.
The production of ale was dominated by
women.
What treaty agreed to by the emperor Louis the Pious's sons in 843 C.E. divided the Carolingian Empire into three parts?
Treaty of Verdun
What new religious order for women emerged in the sixteenth century?
Ursuline Order
What was the central issue in the Social War (91-88 B.C.E.)?
Whether to grant Roman citizenship to all Italians
How did Euclid influence Western civilization?
With his text The Elements of Geometry
How did women's role in religion change as Jewish society developed settled agriculture?
Women found their religious roles increasingly centered on the home.
As a result of the Peace of Augsburg, the people of Germany
became either Lutheran or Catholic, depending on the preference of their prince
In general, during the plague, the clergy
cared for the sick and buried the dead
The Calvinist doctrine of predestination led to a
confidence among Calvinists in their own salvation.
What principle did the Magna Carta come to signify?
Everyone, including the king and his government, must obey the law.
How did Augustus seek to promote childbearing?
Free women were released from male guardianship if they gave birth to a certain number of children.
What was the name given to the spread of Greek culture by Alexander and his successors?
Hellenism
What was the basis of Charlemagne's political power?
His alliance with the papacy
What was Plato's great contribution to philosophy?
His founding of the Academy
What are the Iliad and the Odyssey?
Homeric epics about the siege of Troy and its aftermath
What is the name given to French Protestants?
Huguenots
How did Pico della Mirandola understand the uniqueness of humankind?
Humans were in the middle of a hierarchy of beings, between the spiritual and the material.
How did the Battle of Legnano mark a milestone in Frederick Barbarossa's campaign in Italy?
It forced him to recognize the autonomy of the northern Italian cities
What was the importance of the Frankish victory at the Battle of Poitiers?
It halted Muslim expansion into Europe
What is the premise of the Aeneid by the Roman poet Virgil?
It provides a mythological account of the founding of Rome.
What were the two most important disciplines of Middle Age universities?
Law and medicine
What were Lutheran and Calvinist attitudes toward secular rulers?
Lutherans taught respect for authority while Calvinists encouraged opposition to political authorities who were considered ungodly.
What 490 B.C.E. battle resulted in an Athenian victory against an overwhelming Persian force?
Marathon
What was the result of the Gracchus Brothers' (Tiberius and Gaius) public land reforms?
Opportunities were provided for veterans and the poor to access public lands for agriculture.
What was theologian John Wyclif's main argument?
Scripture alone should determine church belief and practice.
How did the growth of medieval towns affect serfdom?
Serfdom gradually decreased in western Europe.
Which of the following characterizes Joan of Arc's experience in the French military?
She was forbidden from entering the battlefield but offered strategic advice from the royal court.
What text covered the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, and which also contained rules about sexual actions, childbirth, animal sacrifices, and dietary laws?
The Torah
In addition to movable type, what enabled the printing revolution?
The availability of paper
What role did the clan play in Arabic society?
The clan was the basic social unit defined by blood relations through the male line that expected loyalty from its members and in return provided protection and support.
What was a main theme of Ovid's work?
The highs and lows of love
What was the demesne?
The part of the manor that was cultivated for the lord
Which of the following did Francesco Petrarch believe?
The recovery of classical texts would bring about a new golden age of intellectual achievement.
The conversion of Russia to Orthodox Christianity was facilitated by what factor?
The rulers of Kievan Rus forced Orthodox Christianity on the region in order to benefit from the Christian emphasis on obedience to rulers
How did the Praetorian guards often become responsible for the selection of the next emperor
They murdered emperors and then promoted their chosen candidates.
What were the achievements of the Avignon popes before the Great Schism?
They reformed the financial administration of the church and centralized its government.
What was the main goal of Athenian dramatists?
To examine questions such as the rights of the individual and the nature of good and evil
The marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile
created a dynastic union but did not unify the separate kingdoms into a single state.
During the Struggle of the Orders, the plebeians' leverage stemmed from their
importance to the army.
Most Sumerian scribes
kept records of business transactions.
The term latifundia refers to
land conquered by Roman armies.
The Statute of Kilkenny attempted to
maintain the ethnic purity of the English living in Ireland by preventing intermarriage or cultural assimilation.
In terms of gender relations, Renaissance humanists argued that
men and women were equals in intellectual pursuits.
Luther viewed celibacy as
opposed to human nature and God's commandments.
The financial support of artists by individuals or groups is known as
patronage.
According to the text, the Hellenistic thinker Archimedes was most interested in
pure mathematics.
In Hungary, Lutheranism was
spread by Hungarian students who had studied at the University of Wittenberg.
Italian humanists stressed the
study of the classics for what they could reveal about human nature.
The Lateran Council of 1059 decreed that the authority to elect the pope rested with
the college of cardinals.
The Reformation in England was primarily the result of
the dynastic and romantic concerns of Henry VIII.
The signal achievement of Greek philosophy was
the willingness to treat questions about the origins of the universe in rational rather than mythological terms.
What was the Star Chamber?
A court that dealt with noble threats to royal power in England
What was the Hanseatic League?
A mercantile association established in Northern Europe
What did the Scholastics create?
A new method of thinking and reasoning
What does the term Neolithic mean?
A period of history identified as the "New" Stone Age, where humans used stone tools and initiated agriculture and domestication of animals
According to Machiavelli, what was the primary function of a ruler?
A ruler should use whatever means necessary to protect the state.
What was the "Great Silk Road"?
A trade route connecting with East Asia
What was the capital of Sargon's empire?
Akkad
What French word was used to describe the "rebirth" of the culture of classical antiquity?
Renaissance
From what Latin term is the term pagan derived?
Rural dweller
Which of the following best describes Martin Luther's doctrine of salvation?
Salvation came through faith alone as a free gift of God's grace.
Where did Henry V of England score a major victory against the French in 1415?
Agincourt
Which of the following identifies the term race in the Renaissance?
Groupings of people based on ethnic, national, or religious factors
What was the importance of the Roman victory at Zama?
It secured Roman dominance of the western Mediterranean.
How did the closing of the monasteries and convents affect upper-class women?
Marriage became virtually the only occupation for upper-class women
What was the role of Merovingian women in politics?
Merovingian politics provided women in royal households with new opportunities for active political roles.
What was the main idea of Saint Augustine's The Confessions?
Sexuality was clearly linked with sin.
What did Arians believe?
That Christ's nature was inferior to God's
The Council of Nicaea established a creed in favor of what Christian doctrine?
That the resurrection of Christ was a symbolic event and not a literal resurrection of his body
What does British historian Edward Gibbon's term "Pax Romana" mean?
The Peace of Rome
Which of the following inhibited women's success as painters in the Renaissance?
They could not work in public where the fresco technique was done.
The Tudor Henry VII of England won broad, popular support by
promoting peace and social order at the local level.
How did inquisitorial legal procedure differ from the accusatorial legal procedure?
An accuser could be sued if charges were not proven.
Paul of Tarsus believed that
Christ's teachings should be proclaimed to all.