HIST 1302: Chapter 16

Which of the following are true of the Chinese Exclusion Act?

- It resulted in a dramatic decline in the Chinese population in the United States - It banned Chinese in the United States from becoming naturalized citizens

What was the significance of the cattle drives from Texas to Missouri in the late 1860s?

- They established a link to the booming markets of the East. - They showed that cattle could be driven to distant markets.

Which of the following are true of commercial farmers on the plains in the late nineteenth century?

- They specialized in cash crops - They were not self-sufficient

Which of the following were major grievances western farmers had in the late nineteenth century?

- high interest rates - inflated rail costs - crop prices

Which of the following encouraged western settlement in the nineteenth century?

- promise of gold and silver deposits - short-grass pastures for cattle and sheep - federal government land policies - completion of the transcontinental railroad

How did the Homestead Act encourage migration to the West?

It gave settlers land for a small fee in exchange for occupying the land.

Which of the following is true of plains farm life during the late nineteenth century?

It often lacked any access to the outside world.

Which of the following is true about mining in the Far West in the latter part of the nineteenth century?

It produced the region's first economic boom.

Which of the following is true of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887?

It was seen by many in the United States government as a plan to save the Indians.

The awe-inspiring qualities of the western landscape were commonly depicted by painters of the ______ school.

Rocky Mountain

How did the role of Mexicans change in late-nineteenth-century New Mexico?

They were forced into low-paying labor jobs.

Why did white opinion of Chinese immigrants change during the 1850s?

Whites became jealous of the Chinese who prospered, especially in the gold mines.

Which of the following best describes the Sand Creek massacre?

a brutal slaughter of mostly Indian women and children

How did literature express the growing discontent with late-nineteenth-century agrarian life?

by reminiscing about the bygone days of idyllic frontier life

What cornerstone of Indian culture was directly destroyed by the Dawes Severalty Act?

communal property ownership

A derogatory term of Chinese indentured servants whose condition was close to slavery was

coolie

Railroads encouraged western settlement to

create new markets for the goods their lines would transport.

Pacific Coast Indians supported themselves by participating in agriculture as well as

fishing and foraging

The United States concentration policy for Indians

forced Indian tribes to live in specific, defined reservations.

In 1849, settlers swarmed to California because of the discovery of ______ in the region.

gold

Which of the following best describes the work of the Rocky Mountain school painters?

grandiose

Which of the following posed the greatest challenge to laborers in the West?

lack of job security

In 1852, to exclude the Chinese from mining, the California legislature

levied a tax on foreign miners

Which of the following most contributed to agrarian malaise?

loneliness

Which of the following best describes commercial farmers of the late nineteenth century?

specialized

The Hispanic residents of California in the nineteenth century were known as

Californios

Which of the following was a provision of the Chinese Exclusion Act?

Chinese immigrants could not become U.S. citizens.

Anti-Chinese activities in the latter part of the nineteenth century were the result of the resentment of white workers toward

Chinese laborers accepting lower wages

Which of the following is true of the western agricultural economy in the late nineteenth century?

It enclosed land once used as hunting terrain for Indians and open range for cattle.

The author and humorist who wrote The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was

Mark Twain

After the mission society collapsed in the 1830s, who emerged as leaders west of the Sierra mountains?

Mexican aristocracy

How did the works of Mark Twain romanticize frontier America?

They depicted freedom from social constraints

Which of the following is true of white beliefs about tribal sovereignty that were held before 1860?

They did not withstand the desire of white settlers for more Indian lands.

How were commercial farmers different from independent ones?

They focused on both national and world markets.

How did U.S. expansion to California affect most members of the Mexican aristocracy in the region?

They lost their land and were forced into poverty and unskilled labor.

Which of the following best describes the agricultural economy in the West after the Civil War?

boom-bust

How did the United States respond to acts of Indian aggression?

by calling upon militias to subdue and destroy the Indians

Incidents such as the Sand Creek massacre illustrated the tensions between the Cheyenne and Arapaho and the area's

miners

The farmers' most burning grievance in the late nineteenth century was against the

railroads

Which of the following did American cattlemen and cowboys adopt from Mexican ranchers?

saddles, roping, roundups, spurs, and branding

Before the Civil War, most settlers traveled through the Great Plains in

wagons

Which of the following was a direct result of the landscapes of the Rocky Mountain school?

western tourism

The dual labor system that developed in the West was characterized by unequal treatment of

white and nonwhite racial groups

In the western economy, ______ workers filled the skilled jobs, while ______ employees occupied the unskilled jobs.

white; nonwhite

Although they didn't know it, the primary root of the problem for farmers was

worldwide overproduction