HIST 1700-- READING QUIZ 2-12
#21 Identify the statements that describe the experiences of African-Americans in the South during this period.
CORRECT -Black men were excluded from white-collar jobs. -In most of the Deep South, African-Americans owned a smaller percentage of land in 1900 than they did at the end of Reconstruction. INCORRECT -There were no institutions to support the development of a black middle class in the South. -Black women mostly stayed at home to rear children and care for the home.
#17 Identify the statements that describe Frederick Douglass's critique of slavery.
CORRECT -Douglass said that the enslaved had a better understanding of American values in their quest for freedom than slaveowners in their attempts to maintain slavery. -Douglass put forward a powerful critique of slavery by pointing out that the practice of slavery went against America's professed value of liberty. INCORRECT -Douglass advised slaves to commit "day-to-day" rebellions, including stealing food, breaking machinery, and pretending to be sick. -Douglass urged slaves to rise up and revolt.
#15 How did southerners view slavery and its expansion in the mid-nineteenth century?
CORRECT -Southerners believed that slavery was like any other form of property and therefore could expand into newly acquired territory. -Southerners argued that they fought in the Mexican War and therefore earned the right to take their slaves into the newly acquired territory. INCORRECT -Southerners accepted the power of the federal government and recognized its ability to ban slavery from newly acquired territories. -Southerners believed that slavery degraded free labor and sought to contain it.
#21 Identify the statements that describe the early labor movement.
CORRECT -The "family wage" was the idea that, as the head of the household, a man should command a wage that would support his whole family. -The conviction of twenty New York tailors of "conspiracy for combining to seek higher wages" illustrates that the established order did not accept early bids for workers' rights. INCORRECT -Workers' protests also included abolitionist claims for the emancipation of enslaved laborers. -The fight for fair wages aligned with the Transcendentalist idea that each individual must rely upon himself to advance in the world.
#2 Identify the statements that describe westward migration and the factors that contributed to the movement in the 1840s.
CORRECT -The United States did not fully control Oregon or Utah at the time. -Between 1840 and 1860, hundreds of thousands of men, women, and children emigrated to Oregon and California. INCORRECT -There was little interest in moving to Oregon until after the Civil War. -Most settlers to Oregon traveled to the region by boat and then took the railroad to the Willamette Valley region.
#2 Identify the initiatives that led to the Democrats' success at the national level.
CORRECT -reduced government expenditures -lowered the tariff INCORRECT -expanded the national bank -increased the national debt
#1 According to the map below, in which of the following regions were slave populations primarily concentrated around 1860?
CORRECT -the South Carolina coast -along the Mississippi River INCORRECT -the Appalachian Mountains -the Hudson River Valley
#5 The 1960s counterculture had a profound influence on the world of religion and spirituality. Match the following movement to its correct description.
-evangelical movement that connected the "hippie" lifestyle with the early churchthe Correct label: the Jesus People
#3 Review the following video with author Eric Foner titled "Agriculture in the West in the 1920s." Evaluate the ways in which agriculture and agricultural technology remade the West in the 1920s.
CORRECT -New technologies allowed for the development of larger farms. -Disk plows enhanced farmers' ability to better cultivate the land. INCORRECT -The 1920s were a period of economic prosperity for farmers. -Farms that grew, processed, and packaged products were not yet introduced at this time.
#11 Analyze the map depicting socialist towns and cities in the United States between 1900 and 1920. Socialists in the Progressive era never won more than 6 percent of the vote in presidential elections. But what does this map reveal about the socialist movement and its political success in the United States?
CORRECT -Socialist mayors were elected across the United States, from industrial towns to agricultural communities. -Socialist commissioners were elected in states as diverse as Alabama, Montana, and Pennsylvania. INCORRECT -Socialists opposed nationalization of industries all across the United States. -While socialists had success in mayoral elections, they were not voted into other major offices.
#17 As more Americans moved westward in the early nineteenth century, a rush to claim land emerged. Identify the methods in which one staked a claim on land in the West by dragging the correct descriptions to the image below.
CORRECT -Some Americans purchased titles from land speculators. -Some western migrants simply "squatted" on unoccupied land without seeking a clear legal title. -Some Americans headed for the frontier purchased land from the federal government. INCORRECT -Some settlers purchased land directly from Native American peoples who were moving farther westward. -Settlers moving into the Louisiana Territory purchased land from French fur traders still populating the area.
#8 The Great War ushered in significant changes to the political borders within Europe. Evaluate the following two maps, which depict Europe in 1914 and Europe in 1919. What impact did World War I have on Europe's borders?
CORRECT -The Austro-Hungarian empire was divided into two nations, Austria and Hungary. INCORRECT -Ireland became an independent state as a result of the Paris Peace Accords. -Germany occupied the Rhineland. -Poland, a new state, was created out of territory of Germany and Finland.
#11 Identify the statements that describe the Marbury v. Madison decision and its significance.
CORRECT -The decision in the case found part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional for allowing courts to order executive officials to deliver judges' commissions. -The decision in the case demonstrated the Court's power to review laws of Congress to make sure they are constitutional. INCORRECT -The decision in the case established the right of outgoing presidents to make "midnight" appointments to the Court. -The decision in the case demonstrated the president's ability to veto all decisions of the courts.
#13 What was the military industrial complex, and why did Eisenhower express concerns about it?
CORRECT -The military industrial complex was the combination of massive military buildup and the establishment of an arms industry that thrives both in times of war and peace. -Eisenhower worried that the country's military industrial complex threatened to limit both liberties and the democratic process. INCORRECT -Eisenhower worried that the military industrial complex would lead to all-out nuclear war. -The military industrial complex was the term applied to the Soviet threat to the United States.
#15 Identify the tactics used by American Plan supporters to undermine the labor movement.
CORRECT -"Welfare capitalism" efforts were used to mollify potential unionization efforts. -Companies employed strikebreakers, private detectives, and blacklisted union organizers. INCORRECT -Employers fought for increased government regulation in business. -Labor unions were positioned as a welcome development on the path toward national prosperity.
#8 The conquest of the American West was a unique phenomenon in global history, whereby settlers moved boldly into the interior of regions of a great continent with a temperate climate, bringing their families, crops, and livestock, and establishing mining and other industries.
false
QUIZ 3. QUIZ 3. QUIZ 3.
QUIZ 3. QUIZ 3. QUIZ 3.
#2 Muckrakers saw American cities as teeming with corporate greed that was undermining traditional American values.
true
#3 Wartime proclamations such as the Four Freedoms speech were aimed against Nazism and fascism during the war, but also undermined colonialism and racism after the war.
true
#5 Former slaves worked to reunite and stabilize their families in the Reconstruction period.
true
#18 The primary source excerpt below is from a letter written by Margaret McCarthy, a young Irish immigrant living in New York City, in 1850. Identify the passage(s) in which McCarthy references the toll the Great Famine disaster of 1845-1851 has taken on her homeland. My dear father I must only say that this is a good place and a good country for if one place does not suit a man he can go to another and can very easy please himself. . . . [But] I would advise no one to come to America that would not have some money after landing here that [will] enable them to go west in case they would get no work to do here. But any man or woman without a family are fools that would not venture and come to this plentiful country where no man or woman ever hungered or ever will. . . . Come you all together courageously and bid adieu to that lovely place the land of our birth. . . . But alas I am now told it's the gulf of misery, oppression, degradation and ruin. . . . This, my dear father induces me to remit to you in this letter 20 dollars. . . . Dan Keliher tells me that you knew more of house carpentry than he did himself and he can earn from twelve to fourteen shilling a day and he also tells me that Florence will do very well and that Michael can get a place right off. . . . It is not for slavery I want you to come here no its for affording my brothers and sisters and I an opportunity of showing our kindness and gratitude and coming on your senior days . . . [so] that you my dear father and mother could walk about leisurely and independently. . . . Oh how happy I feel [that] the Lord had not it destined for me to get married . . . at home [and] after a few months he and I may be an encumbrance on you or perhaps in the poor house.
-Come you all together courageously and bid adieu to that lovely place the land of our birth. . . . But alas I am now told it's the gulf of misery, oppression, degradation and ruin.
#4 Identify the contributions of the following individuals or organizations to the Popular Front.
-Dorothea Lange: photographer who captured everyday life of migrant workers and sharecroppersDorothea Lange -International Labor Defense: built popular support for black defendants against a racist criminal justice system.International Labor Defense -House Un-American Activities Committee opponent to the Popular Front, created to investigate disloyaltyHouse Un-American Activities Committee
#10 Economic justice was not a mainstream concept before the Great Depression. The predominant economic theory advocated a laissez-faire market philosophy in which markets would fix themselves through unregulated cycles. With the development of industrialization, business cycles became more and more extreme with dire consequences for ordinary people. With the Great Depression, some began to advocate for a change in philosophy. Match the following advocates with the policy for which they advocated.
-large-scale government spendingJohn Maynard Keynes John Maynard Keynes -"Share the Wealth" movementHuey Long Huey Long -cooperative venturesUpton Sinclair Upton Sinclair
#18 Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing the Know-Nothing Party's political stance on immigration. The Know-Nothing Party seemed to be one of contradictions: it wanted to ______limit___________ the rights of immigrants, while promoting an ________antislavery__________ agenda. Ultimately, the Know-Nothings actually accomplished very little in this regard. All European immigrants benefited from being white. These groups had the advantage of being able to ________vote_________ , whereas free blacks could not.
-limit -antislavery -vote
#6 In the mid-1960s, violent outbreaks in predominately African-American communities outside the South drew attention to the national scope of racial injustice and to inequalities in jobs, education, and housing that existed across the country. Match each event below to the location on the map where it took place. the site of the first large-scale confrontations between police and black protesters in 1964 50,000 protestors faced off against 15,000 National Guardsmen in the 1965 uprising that began days after the Voting Rights Act was signed into law. More than forty people died in this 1967 uprising that also caused hundreds of millions of dollars in property damage.
01. New Jersey 02. California 03. Michigan
#10 In the presidential campaign of 2004, both parties spent tens of millions of dollars in advertising and mobilized new voters—nearly 20 million since 2000. But in the end, only three states voted differently than four years earlier. Name these three swing states. (The term "swing state" refers to any state that could reasonably be won by either the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate.)
2004 swing state: New Mexico, new Hampshire, Iowa
#22 Read the excerpt from Judith Sargent Murray, "On the Equality of the Sexes" (1790). [T]he sister must be wholly domesticated, while the brother is led by the hand through all the flowery paths of science. Grant that their minds are by nature equal, yet who shall wonder at the apparent superiority. . . . At length arrived at womanhood, the uncultivated fair one feels a void, which the employments allotted her are by no means capable of filling. . . . She herself is most unhappy; she feels the want of a cultivated mind. . . . Should it . . . be vociferated, "Your domestic employments are sufficient"—I would calmly ask, is it reasonable, that a candidate for immortality, for the joys of heaven, an intelligent being, who is to spend an eternity in contemplating the works of Deity, should at present be so degraded, as to be allowed no other ideas, than those which are suggested by the mechanism of a pudding, or the sewing the seams of a garment? . . .Yes, ye lordly, ye haughty sex, our souls are by nature equal to yours. How does Murray answer the argument that offering education to women will lead them to neglect their "domestic employments"?
A woman, who's life on earth will lead her to eternity of heaven "contemplating the works of deity", should also have to opportunity to prepare for this experience with an education.
#19 The American Federation of Labor (AFL) had 1.6 million members by 1904. The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) was founded to mobilize those excluded from the AFL. Identify the correct descriptions of these two organizations.
AFL: -advocated cooperation with corporate and political leaders to achieve workers goals -represented mainly skilled, white, native-born workers IWW: -represented immigrants, women, blacks, Chinese, and others -advocated a workers' revolution that would seize the means of production and abolish the state
#7 Read the selection below from Charles H. Wesley, "The Negro Has Always Wanted the Four Freedoms," in What the Negro Wants (1944). [Negroes] have wanted what other citizens of the United States have wanted. They have wanted freedom and opportunity. They have wanted the pursuit of the life vouchsafed to all citizens of the United States by our own liberty documents. They have wanted freedom of speech, [but] they were supposed to be silently acquiescent in all aspects of their life. ... They have wanted freedom of religion, for they had been compelled to "steal away to Jesus" ... in order to worship God as they desired. ... They have wanted freedom from want. ... However, the Negro has remained a marginal worker and the competition with white workers has left him in want in many localities of an economically sufficient nation. They have wanted freedom from fear. They have been cowed, browbeaten or beaten, as they have marched through the years of American life. ...The Negro wants democracy to begin at home. ... The future of our democratic life is insecure so long as the hatred, disdain and disparagement of Americans of African ancestry exist. ... Why does Wesley believe that black Americans are denied the Four Freedoms?
CORRECT -Because of Americans' deeply entrenched hatred of Americans of African ancestry. INCORRECT -Because white Americans want to maintain their control and power over black Americans. -Because African-Americans didn't believe in the Four Freedoms. -Because black Americans have not petitioned the court for them.
#21 Identify the statements that describe the Wilsonian ideal of "self-determination" and the influence it had on global affairs after World War I.
CORRECT -Britain and France did not embrace the concept, as it would mean relinquishing control of their occupied lands all over the world. -Japan proposed to include in the League of Nations charter a clause that recognized the equality of all people, regardless of race. -Citizens of Arabic countries asked Wilson to declare war in the name of democracy. INCORRECT -Vietnam's independence was recognized by the League of Nations.
#1 Identify the statements that describe the philosophy behind the black internationalism movement.
CORRECT -Colonialism abroad worked against equality in the United States. -The plight of African-Americans was linked to the plight of people of color worldwide. INCORRECT -The struggle for racial justice was of secondary importance in the black community to the overall expansion of the New Deal welfare state. -Africa should be kept under colonial rule.
#10 Identify the statements that describe President Calvin Coolidge and the election of 1924.
CORRECT -Coolidge won reelection by a landslide in 1924. -The Progressive Party candidate took one-sixth of the electorate in the 1924 election. INCORRECT -Coolidge had no previous experience in government. -After Harding's administration, the American public voted for Coolidge, who was seen as the Progressive candidate.
#6 Analyze the following cartoon from the publication Puck, published in 1900, titled Divorce the Lesser Evil. What can be inferred from the artist's depiction of marriage and divorce in the Progressive era?
CORRECT -Divorce laws became more liberal during the Progressive era. INCORRECT -Clerical authorities accepted divorce as a practical reality of the Progressive age. -Married couples had less and less freedom to separate during this era. -Marriage rates increased during the Progressive era.
#18 Warren G. Harding took the office of the presidency in 1921, promising to return the country to "normalcy" after the era of Progressive reform and world war, but his administration quickly became one of the most corrupt in American history. Identify the controversial events and personal scandals that took place during his presidency.
CORRECT -Harding's secretary of the interior was convicted of a felony for accepting payments from businessmen to whom he leased government oil reserves. -Harding's attorney general received payments not to prosecute criminals. -Officials in Harding's administration used their offices for private gain. INCORRECT -Harding attempted to run for a third term for president.
#17 Identify the statements that describe Hoover's beliefs and actions during the crises of the Great Depression.
CORRECT -He believed that voluntary steps by business and charity would assist the people and nation through the crises. -Despite no improvement in the day-to-day lives of most people, Hoover put a positive spin on the conditions in the media. -By 1932, Hoover admitted volunteerism was not working and created the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. INCORRECT -Hoover eventually realized government intervention was necessary and established the New Deal economic package.
#12 Read and analyze the "Voices of Freedom" primary source document from the chapter, titled "Speech in Congress on Immigration" (1921) by Lucian W. Parrish. What arguments does Congressman Parrish make about immigration in the wake of the Great War?
CORRECT -Immigration should be postponed until Congress develops policies that require immigrants to completely Americanize. INCORRECT -Recognizing that World War I left much of Western and Central Europe devastated, Congress should expand its immigration quotas. -Immigration has stabilized the United States by diversifying its population and also its economy. -Because of the political unrest and agitation leading to anarchy and bolshevism in countries around the world, the United States should welcome refugees from these countries.
#12 Which of the following statements correctly describe racial inequality in the United States prior to the civil rights revolution of the 1950s?
CORRECT -In the North and West, even though the law didn't require segregation, segregation existed, nonetheless. -In the South, laws required the racial segregation of schools and other institutions. -Traditional allies on African-American issues had been decimated by McCarthyism. INCORRECT -Federal law prohibited racial discrimination in housing and employment.
#8 Under the leadership of Commissioner of Indian Affairs John Collier, the administration launched the Indian New Deal. Identify the statements that describe the Indian New Deal.
CORRECT -It ended the policy of dividing Indian lands into small plots for individual families and selling the rest. -It ended the policy of forced assimilation and allowed Indians unprecedented cultural autonomy. INCORRECT -It allowed Indians to govern their own affairs entirely and disregard national laws. -It drastically improved the life of Indians on previously defined "poor" reservations.
#15 Which of the following statements regarding the Affordable Care Act are correct?
CORRECT -It offered subsidies to persons of modest incomes so they could afford insurance. -It strove to provide insurance coverage to the millions of Americans who lacked it, and to end abusive practices by insurance companies. INCORRECT -The Supreme Court overruled "Obamacare" as unconstitutional. -The bill passed through Congress with bipartisan support.
#11 Identify the statements that describe the March on Washington in August 1963.
CORRECT -Martin Luther King Jr. cited the Declaration of Independence in his speech. -It represented significant collaboration between whites and blacks to further the civil rights cause. -A quarter of a million Americans participated. INCORRECT -Martin Luther King Jr. read his famous Letter from Birmingham Jail to the crowd.
#6 Identify the statements that describe Mexican-Americans' experiences during the Depression.
CORRECT -Mexican-American leaders sought greater rights for Mexican-Americans by claiming to be white Americans in order to avoid discrimination similar to African-Americans. INCORRECT -Working conditions and living conditions for Mexicans and Mexican-Americans improved dramatically. -Low-paid immigrants from Mexico were encouraged into the United States during the Depression. -Mexican-American politicians developed a unified strategy for their people.
#8 Analyze the following passage from the "Statement of Purpose" by the National Organization for Women. We do not accept the traditional assumption that a woman has to choose between marriage and motherhood, on the one hand, and serious participation in industry or the professions on the other. ... True equality of opportunity and freedom of choice for women requires such practical, and possible innovations as a nationwide network of child-care centers which will make it unnecessary for women to retire completely from society until their children are grown. ... What social changes does NOW believe are necessary to enable women to enjoy equality and freedom?
CORRECT -NOW wanted more women to have the opportunity to participate in the public sphere. INCORRECT -NOW encouraged women to delay marriage and have fewer children. -NOW sought more accessibility to contraceptives and information on reproductive health.
#7 During World War I, more than 500,000 African-Americans moved to the North seeking better jobs and an escape from the segregated South in what has been called "The Great Migration." What does the table reveal about the African-American population in the United States between 1910 and 1920?
CORRECT -New York had the largest African-American population in 1910 and 1920. -Detroit's black population grew at the fastest rate. -Large cities across the Northeast and Midwest experienced substantial growth in their African-American populations between 1910 and 1920. INCORRECT -Cleveland had an insignificant increase in its African-American population between 1910 and 1920.
#14 Identify the statements that describe the "race problem" before and during World War I in the United States.
CORRECT -Pseudo-science attempted to explain the dangers or virtues of different races and categorize them according to their relative worth. -The U.S. Immigration Commission published a hierarchy of the many immigrant "races." -The "race problem" had become an important subject of public concern. INCORRECT -The concept of race was restricted to black-white relations until after World War I.
#9 World War I and the importance placed on nationalism in politics created a backlash against ethnic and racial differences in the United States. Identify the examples of "Americanization" that took place in the country.
CORRECT -Public schools paid special attention to the children of immigrants in attempt to teach them American values. -The majority of states enacted laws restricting the teaching of foreign languages. -Segregation was common between whites and groups that white Americans felt were not capable of "Americanizing," such as Mexicans and Asian-Americans. INCORRECT -The U.S. army was prohibited from administering intelligence tests to new recruits.
#15 What does this map reveal about the election of 1932?
CORRECT -Roosevelt won the election by a landslide. -Hoover's strongest support came from states in the Northeast. INCORRECT -Hoover won the state with the largest number of electoral votes in the election. -Although Roosevelt won the election, Hoover received the largest number of popular votes.
#4 Read the selection below from "Statement of Purpose," by Betty Friedan with the National Organization for Women (1966). We do not accept the traditional assumption that a woman has to choose between marriage and motherhood, on the one hand, and serious participation in industry or the professions on the other. ... True equality of opportunity and freedom of choice for women requires such practical, and possible innovations as a nationwide network of child-care centers which will make it unnecessary for women to retire completely from society until their children are grown. ...We believe that a true partnership between the sexes demands a different concept of marriage and equitable sharing of the responsibilities of home and children and of the economic burdens of their support. We believe that proper recognition should be given to the economic and social value of homemaking and childcare. ... What social changes does NOW believe are necessary to enable women to enjoy equality and freedom?
CORRECT -Society needs an increase in child-care options so that men and women have equal opportunities to grow their careers outside the home. -Society should recognize the social and economic contributions of women who work as homemakers and mothers. INCORRECT -Women need to stop doing housework and caring for children, as society does not value their contributions. -Women do not need men or marriage.
#20 Public assistance programs established by Social Security for dependent children, the poor and the elderly, were systematically denied from many employed black workers. Identify the ways in which blacks were prevented from benefiting from these types of assistance programs.
CORRECT -States set benefit levels extremely low and set eligibility standards that discriminated against blacks. -States were allowed to apply "moral" standards of eligibility, making discrimination against blacks common practice. -Blacks represented the majority of domestic servant jobs, which did not pay Social Security taxes; therefore, most were eligible only for government handouts that came with a stigma. INCORRECT -Many employers hired black employees over white employees during the Depression, easing their unemployment numbers so they did not have as high a need for public assistance programs.
#4 How did the Neutrality Acts (1935) fit with "isolationism"?
CORRECT -The Acts forbid the United States to sell weapons to countries at war. -The Acts forbid Americans from traveling on ships operated by countries that were engaged in the war. INCORRECT -The Acts forbid Americans from joining military forces for other countries at war. -engaging in international trade
#3 In many instances the New Deal reinforced segregation and disappointed blacks who had voted for broad changes to the nation's race system. Identify the ways in which the New Deal failed African-Americans.
CORRECT -The Civilian Conservation Corps maintained segregation by creating separate camps for blacks and whites. -Federal housing policy reinforced existing residential segregation in municipalities in both the North and the South. -FDR did not succeed in passing antilynching legislation in Congress. -In the South, New Deal construction projects refused to hire black workers. INCORRECT -As with Mexican-Americans, blacks were coerced to leave the country.
#9 Read the excerpt from the Majority Opinion, Justice James C. McReynolds, in Meyer v. Nebraska(1923). That the State may do much, go very far, indeed, in order to improve the quality of its citizens, physically, mentally, and morally, is clear; but the individual has certain fundamental rights which must be respected. The protection of the Constitution extends to all, to those who speak other languages as well as to those born with English on the tongue. Perhaps it would be highly advantageous if all had ready understanding of our ordinary speech, but this cannot be coerced by methods which conflict with the Constitution. . . . No emergency has arisen which rendered knowledge by a child of some language other than English so clearly harmful as to justify its inhibition with the consequent infringement of rights long freely enjoyed. How does the decision in Meyer v. Nebraska expand the definition of liberty protected by the Fourteenth Amendment?
CORRECT -The Court decided that use of only the English language is not a test of United States citizenship nor can it be required. INCORRECT -It weakened the constitutional right to privacy by making it illegal to speak German. -The decision required federal courts to overturn laws throughout the country that were meant to restrict immigrants from practicing their religion or culture. -While speaking German was deemed legal, the teaching of German was not allowed.
#13 The Supreme Court and federal courts started to change their view on civil liberties in the 1920s. Identify the decisions that demonstrated this shift in the protection of civil liberties.
CORRECT -The Court voided a Kansas law that made it a crime to advocate unlawful acts to change the political or economic system. -A federal court overturned the Customs Service's ban on James Joyce's novel Ulysses. INCORRECT -The Court upheld a law from Minnesota authorizing censorship of the press. -The Court upheld the conviction of Jacob Abrams for distributing pamphlets critical of American intervention in Russia after the Russian Revolution.
#2 As early as 1963, President Kennedy questioned the United States' involvement in Vietnam. Why did both the Kennedy and Johnson administrations opt to stay in Vietnam?
CORRECT -The Johnson administration did not want to be responsible for losing another country to communism. -Military advisers believed they could control internal uprisings in Vietnam. INCORRECT -They believed that the conflict in Vietnam would distract and slow down the civil rights movement in the United States.
#20 Analyze both of the images below, the cover of Life magazine from 1925 and the washing machine advertisement from the same period. Consider the ways in which women are depicted in the two images. Based on your reading of these images, which of the following statements are true?
CORRECT -The Life magazine cover minimizes gender norms in its depiction of the male and female swimmers. -Both advertisements targeted women as their intended audience. -The washing machine was depicted as a new technology to liberate women. INCORRECT -Smoking was considered unfeminine and acceptable only for men.
#14 The Social Security Act of 1935 transformed the relationship between the federal government and American citizens. Identify the statements that describe the Social Security Act.
CORRECT -The Social Security Act was, and still is, funded by taxes collected from employers and employees. -The Social Security Act created a system of unemployment insurance, old age pensions, and aid to the disabled, the elderly poor, and families with dependent children. -The ideas put into action in the Social Security Act had been promoted by Progressive reformers during the early 1900s. INCORRECT -The Social Security Act provided universal health care for the first time to all Americans regardless of age, wealth, and race.
#11 The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) came out of the Hundred Days. Identify the statements that describe the TVA and its mission.
CORRECT -The TVA was a series of dams designed to control the flooding on the Tennessee River and its tributaries. -The TVA would provide cheap and easy access to electricity for homes and industry in seven southern states. INCORRECT -The TVA was instrumental in building a system of dams on the Mohawk River in upstate New York. -The TVA provided water for agricultural purposes.
#16 Identify the statements that accurately describe the Triangle Shirtwaist Company and its tragedy in 1911.
CORRECT -The Triangle tragedy in 1911 called attention to widespread social inequality in America. -Over 100 workers died in a factory fire in 1911. INCORRECT -Triangle's owners, who were concerned for workers' safety, installed a modern sprinkler system in their New York City factory. -The women who worked for the company were some of the highest-paid workers in the textile industry.
#19 The United Auto Workers (UAW) was the first union to unionize an entire industry successfully. Identify the statements that describe the UAW.
CORRECT -The UAW's membership swelled to 400,000 by the end of 1937. -The UAW used sit-down strike tactics to force concessions from management. INCORRECT -General Motors never recognized or negotiated with the UAW. -The UAW pioneered the walk-out strike.
#4 Identify the events that took place during the 1920s that demonstrate the limitations to civil liberties at that time.
CORRECT -The United States Postal Service removed books from the mail that were deemed inappropriate. -The film industry adopted the Hays code. -The Customs Service barred certain works from entering the country. INCORRECT -The Supreme Court supported the dissolution of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU).
#21 Identify the statements that describe Schenck v. United States.
CORRECT -The case upheld the constitutionality of the wartime Espionage Act. INCORRECT -The Supreme Court decision in the case led to a formal apology by Woodrow Wilson to all those persecuted under the Espionage Act. -The case clarified that the First Amendment protected all free speech, regardless of the speaker's intentions.
#13 The Rural Electrification Agency (REA) was a key piece of legislation of the Second New Deal. Identify the statements that describe the REA.
CORRECT -The goal of the REA was to bring electricity to homes that did not have it. -The REA complimented other soil conservation and farm education programs, improving living standards for farmers. -The REA succeeded in delivering electricity to more homes. INCORRECT -The REA failed to bring electricity to the majority of rural areas of the United States.
#9 Identify the statements below that describe military service during the Second World War.
CORRECT -The military remained segregated for the duration of the conflict. -Military service proved to have a unifying effect on the American servicemen from all regions of the country. INCORRECT -Very few service members were from the middle and upper classes. -More men who served were volunteers rather than draftees.
#9 analyze image What does it reveal about public reaction to the president's death?
CORRECT -The president's death captivated the nation. INCORRECT -African-Americans were upset about his death because he had recently called for a law banning discrimination in all places of public accommodation. -Americans were more interested in news about the civil rights movement.
#2 The 2018 midterm elections provided the first opportunity for the national electorate to be heard after Trump's 2016 presidential election. Which of the following statements accurately describe the results?
CORRECT -The results revealed sharp divides between particular groups of voters (young and old, male and female, rural and metropolitan). -For the first time, Native American women and Muslim women were elected to congressional seats. -Democrats regained control of the House of Representatives. INCORRECT -Republicans lost their majority in the Senate.
#7 The stock market crash of October 1929 itself did not create the Great Depression. There were other indicators that the economy was in serious trouble. Which were long-term indicators of serious trouble prior to October 1929?
CORRECT -There was stagnation in new automobile sales and household consumer goods after 1926. -Frenzied real-estate speculation in Florida and California had come to a stop. INCORRECT -Automobile ownership was higher than ever in the United States. -Stockbrokers and investors discouraged investment in the stock market.
#4 In 1875, the United States passed the Page Act—the first exclusionary immigration act—which banned prostitutes, Chinese laborers, and criminals from entering the country legally. This act was followed with others like the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. Which of the following are economic, political, and social effects of undocumented immigrants coming into the country today?
CORRECT -They decrease wages at the bottom of the economic ladder. -They take jobs many Americans are unwilling to fill. INCORRECT -Traditionally politically conservative, when they vote, they vote for Republican candidates. -They typically assume skilled, high-wage professional positions.
#15 Identify the statements that describe workmen's compensation laws enacted by 1913.
CORRECT -They included laws protecting both women and men. -They included laws protecting workers injured on the job. INCORRECT -They included minimum wage provisions for men only. -They established a standard of living beneath which no American should fall.
#6 The Depression transformed and shattered the expectations of the "American way of life." Which are examples of the new reality of American life during the Depression years?
CORRECT -Thousands of Americans formed shantytowns across the country in parks and fields as they had lost their homes. -Americans looked for work abroad, as they were unable to find jobs in the United States. -The Depression reversed the movement of people from farms to cities. INCORRECT -Although the irresponsible behavior of bankers led to the economic collapse, they were seen as heroes through their efforts to repair the damage.
#13 Donald Trump's presidential campaign in 2016 was consumed with rhetorical attacks on Mexicans, Muslims, and immigrants more generally. As president, in what ways did those attacks turn into actions?
CORRECT -Trump banned travel to the United States from a number of Muslim-majority countries. -The Trump administration began removing young children from the custody of parents who had come to the southern border with their families seeking asylum. INCORRECT -Trump ordered the release of hundreds of African-Americans in prison for minor, nonviolent drug offenses. -Congress authorized the full construction of Trump's proposed border wall.
#9 Labor unions became more prominent in American life during the period of the New Deal. Identify the statements that describe labor unions during the New Deal and World War II.
CORRECT -Unions had become so powerful that U.S. Steel negotiated with its 200,000 workers and the Steel Workers Organization Committee in order to avoid a strike. -Union membership doubled between 1930 and 1940. -Unions ultimately helped to raise the standard of living of their workers. INCORRECT -The CIO fought to raise the hourly rate that workers were paid, but it did not negotiate the amount of work employees were expected to accomplish in an hour.
#14 In the 1920s, a Muncie, Indiana newspaper declared, "The American citizen's first importance to his country is no longer that of a citizen but that of a consumer." Which of the following choices correctly describe the changes the American body politic in the 1920s?
CORRECT -Voter participation fell considerably. -Public concern centered primarily on leisure activities and consumption, rather than politics. INCORRECT -The average American citizen's primary focus shifted from the private realm to the public realm. -Women voters outnumbered men voters after the enfranchisement of women.
#3 Identify the statements that describe the War on Poverty.
CORRECT -attributed poverty to a lack of skills and lack of proper attitudes about work -created programs like VISTA, a domestic version of the Peace Corps INCORRECT -punished people living in poverty by requiring them to contribute to a government work camp -attempted to correct poverty by guaranteeing an annual income for all Americans
#14 Which of the following economic factors contributed to the housing bubble at the root of the 2008 recession?
CORRECT -consumer indebtedness caused by increased spending and borrowing -banks and lending institutions issuing more subprime mortgages -unregulated banking practices including the sale of faulty new financial products -unprecedentedly low interest rates INCORRECT -a gas shortage -labor strikes among house manufacturers
#16 The Occupy Wall Street movement that burst onto the scene in 2011 was launched in protest of income inequality. The movement was also frustrated with which other aspects of the American economy related to income inequality?
CORRECT -declining economic opportunity -widespread alienation of youth INCORRECT -environmental concerns exacerbated by large banks -rules that seemed to favor minorities
#2 The ideas of the New Deal extended much longer than the actual time period in which the New Deal operated. In fact, New Deal legacies continue to be felt to this day. According to this video entitled "Significance of the New Deal," which of the following were political legacies brought about by the New Deal?
CORRECT -enhanced the power of the national government -made the Democratic Party the majority party for the next forty years -created a permanent administrative state INCORRECT -ended the Great Depression
#10 Identify the trends and events that catalyzed the large-scale global movement of people that took place during the Progressive era.
CORRECT -few opportunities in immigrants' native countries -rapid industrial expansion and the decline of traditional agriculture -political turmoil, including revolutions and burdensome taxation, in immigrants' home countries INCORRECT -the promise that all immigrants would be welcomed and accepted through Ellis Island and Angel Island into the United States
#1 Which of the following choices describe significant foreign affairs accomplishments of the Obama presidency?
CORRECT -negotiated a nuclear agreement with Iran -formally ended American involvement in the Iraq War -authorized the capture and killing of Osama bin Laden INCORRECT -permanently closed the military prison at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba -formally ended the American military presence in Afghanistan
#12 Early in Obama's first term, he pushed through Congress a "stimulus" package amounting to nearly $800 billion in new government spending. It was the largest single spending appropriation in American history. For which of the following areas was the money earmarked?
CORRECT -provide seed money for construction projects -give states aid to enable them to balance their budgets -extension of unemployment benefits INCORRECT -investment in oil exploration and pipelines
#1 The Hundred Days were Roosevelt's and Congress's efforts to provide relief and recovery for the majority of Americans from the lingering effects of the Great Depression by the quickest means possible. Which of the following items were part of the flurry of legislation known as the Hundred Days?
CORRECT -the National Recovery Administration (NRA) -Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) -abolishing Prohibition INCORRECT -Social Security Act -the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) -FDR's "court packing" effort
#17 The year 1919 was one of worldwide social and political upheaval. Identify the events that took place during this year that contributed to the historic changes taking place around the globe.
CORRECT -the Russian Revolution and civil war -the Great Steel Strike INCORRECT -women were granted the right to vote -Wilson's anticapitalist address
#7 The counterculture was a youth movement that exposed the generation gap between the baby boomers and their parents. What values were endorsed by the counterculture?
CORRECT -the right to individual choice INCORRECT -consumerism -unbending rules -suburban housing
#7 What were the reasons for Thomas Jefferson's decision to purchase the vast Louisiana Territory from Napoleon Bonaparte?
CORRECT -to increase the amount of land available for farmers -to minimize French interference with the expansion of his "empire of liberty" -to ensure access to the port of New Orleans INCORRECT -to counter the rebellious slaves of Saint Domingue -to gain access to California
#11 Texas annexation was not at the forefront of American politics until President John Tyler used it as a rallying cry for his bid for reelection in 1844. Identify the statements that correctly describe the reactions to the annexation of Texas.
CORRECT -A letter by Secretary of State John C. Calhoun to President Tyler linked the idea of absorbing Texas directly to the goal of strengthening slavery in the United States. -Prospective presidential candidates, Henry Clay and Martin Van Buren, met and agreed to reject the immediate annexation of Texas on the grounds it might lead to war with Mexico. INCORRECT -Henry Clay and Martin Van Buren fought a duel over the issue of Texas. -John C. Calhoun believed that Texas should not come into the Union as a slave state.
#7 Slaves developed a distinct version of Christianity that offered solace in the face of hardship and hope for liberation from bondage. Identify the statements that describe the religious life of slaves.
CORRECT -Although it was illegal for slaves to gather without a white person present, every plantation appeared to have its own black preacher who would hold church services exclusively for the slave population. -Slaves identified themselves as a chosen people who, in time, would be delivered from bondage by God. -Slaves sometimes worshiped in biracial congregations with white ministers. INCORRECT Slave religion followed strict Anglican guidelines.
#9 After analyzing the following presidential election map, determine which statements accurately reflect the election of 1860.
CORRECT -Among the states that the Republicans lost in 1856, but won in 1860, were California and Pennsylvania. -Upper South states, such as Tennessee and Virginia, supported a moderate candidate like John Bell. INCORRECT -Stephen Douglas, the northern Democratic candidate, gained Missouri and Virginia in the election. -Lincoln carried every single northern state.
#1 What does this map reveal about the transportation revolution of the early nineteenth century and its effect on travel times?
CORRECT -Between 1800 and 1830, travel time between New York City and Florida decreased by one week. -By 1830, a traveler could get anywhere along the Atlantic coast in two weeks or less. -Between 1800 and 1830, travel time between New York City and the meeting point of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers decreased by three weeks. INCORRECT -By 1830, a traveler could get from the Atlantic coast to anywhere in Ohio in six days.
#6 Identify the statements that describe the experiences of free blacks in the nineteenth century.
CORRECT -Blacks faced widespread discrimination and were unable to find work as craftsmen or store clerks. -Blacks constructed their schools and churches. INCORRECT -Blacks benefited from the market revolution and were able to take advantage of new economic opportunities. -Many free blacks moved West to take advantage of access to public land.
#14 Historians estimate that around 1 million slaves were shifted from older slave states into the expanded Lower South between 1800 and 1860. Which of the following are trends that historians associate with this time period?
CORRECT -Cotton became the most important export of the entire United States. -State-to-state trading of enslaved persons developed within the United States. -Enslaved persons were forced to march across the country in coffles—large groups chained to one another. INCORRECT -Enslaved persons were imported into the United States through the Port of New Orleans. -The South established large urban areas as a result of the burgeoning cotton industry.
#14 Review the following video with author Eric Foner titled "Racial Division Between Slaves and Free Men." Afterward, choose the statement that best summarizes the author's argument.
CORRECT -Following the Revolution, racial difference became the primary argument for the continuation of the practice of slavery. INCORRECT -Prior to the Revolution, inequality existed in a number of ways: gender, race, class status, legal status, and so on. After the Revolution, all of these distinctions were eliminated. -Slavery was the primary reason behind the development of racial science in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. -The practice of indentured servitude increased after the Revolution.
#27 Despite his own personal and intimate relationship with Sally Hemings, Thomas Jefferson articulated a variety of claims about race in his book Notes on the State of Virginia. Identify Jefferson's beliefs below.
CORRECT -He believed African-Americans were inferior to whites in intellect in a way that no democratic society could change. -He believed the bitter experience of slavery made blacks incapable of being loyal to the nation. -He believed blacks lacked the capacity for self-control and reason. INCORRECT -He believed that blacks and whites would eventually merge into a single people.
#16 The development of factories changed the production of goods and the use of human labor. Identify the statements that describe how the market revolution changed society and the ways people worked.
CORRECT -Instead of a focus on individual craftsmanship, people worked together to assemble a finished product. -The labor process was specialized into jobs that required less skill and training. -Entrepreneurs pushed their workers to produce more for lower wages. INCORRECT -Individuals used their homes as part of the process to complete an item.
#23 The Bill of Rights is a supremely important part of the Constitution. Identify the statements that describe its legacies.
CORRECT -It established the belief that federal power represented the greatest threat to personal freedom. -It established freedom of expression at the very foundation of political democracy. INCORRECT -It has mostly been ineffective in ensuring the personal liberties of citizens, despite the universal popularity of the personal liberties called for in its amendments. -It has served as impenetrable protection against violations of American civil liberties throughout history.
#12 Identify the statements that describe the life and career of Andrew Jackson.
CORRECT -Jackson was a strong nationalist, but believed in the power of the states. INCORRECT -Jackson firmly believed in the abolition of slavery. -Jackson was born into a wealthy Boston merchant family. -Jackson remained humble and poor throughout his life even after achieving fame and political power.
#10 Which of the following statements correctly describe the changes from this time period that supported the growth of business?
CORRECT -Legal decisions handed down by the courts protected new companies from liabilities. -Corporations, or firms that protect their investors from debts, became popular and profitable. INCORRECT -Courts frequently sided with "the little guy" versus large corporations, especially in relation to environmental damage from factory construction. -The courts consistently supported corporations' efforts to monopolize and suppress competition.
#6 Why did Abraham Lincoln oppose Senator Crittenden's plan to save the Union?
CORRECT -Lincoln refused to compromise on the issue of the expansion of slavery. -Lincoln did not want to surrender his principles to those he had very recently beaten in the election. INCORRECT -Lincoln did not like that federal tax money would be used to study the suitability of newly acquired territory to slavery. -Lincoln supported the right of states to secede and felt that was a better resolution.
#11 Identify the statements that describe life before the nationalization of the American market during the market revolution.
CORRECT -Many Americans were tasked with sustaining their own lives since consumer goods and services were not readily available to them. -Most Americans lived isolated lives not much different from the lives of their colonial forebears. -Cash was not widely distributed throughout the country and was utilized mainly in coastal cities. Many Americans bartered for what they needed. INCORRECT -Americans lived only to the east of the Appalachian Mountains; the mountains provided a natural border between Anglo-Americans and native peoples. -Most Americans lived nomadic lives, traveling from town-to-town in search of work.
#8 Identify the statements that describe the Second Middle Passage.
CORRECT -Many commercial districts in southern cities contained the offices of slave traders, complete with signs reading "Negro Sales" or "Negroes Bought Here." -Slave trading within the United States between 1820 and 1860 was a visible, established business. -Virginia played a key role in the Second Middle Passage. INCORRECT -The slave trade between Africa and the United States saw a resurgence, which resulted in more than 2 million slaves making the journey to the new country.
#4 Identify the statements that describe segregation in the South.
CORRECT -Plessy v. Ferguson provided the legal grounding for the institutionalization of segregation in the South. -Segregation was part of a larger system of white supremacy. INCORRECT -The Supreme Court ruled that amenities needed to be "separate but equal" for blacks and whites. As a result, significant improvements were made to black housing and schools to improve their conditions. -There were skilled jobs available for both black and white employees in the South.
#3 Senator Stephen A. Douglas hoped to apply the principle of popular sovereignty to the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Identify what "popular sovereignty" means and how it was used in Douglas's reasoning.
CORRECT -Popular sovereignty was seen as a political middle ground on the issue of slavery. -Popular sovereignty is the principle that people should rule, and as such, the status of slavery should be determined by the votes of local settlers and not Congress. INCORRECT -Popular sovereignty opened the issue of slavery in the new territories to a nationwide referendum. -Popular sovereignty left the issue of slavery in the hands of an international court sitting in London that included judges from all over Europe.
#10 By 1856, the Republican Party was a coalition of antislavery Democrats, northern Whigs, Free Soilers, and Know-Nothings. The Republicans were a mixed group, but they quickly rose as the major alternative to the Democratic Party throughout the North. What was the Republican Party's platform and beliefs regarding slavery?
CORRECT -Slavery spawned a social order consisting only of degraded slaves, poor whites with no hope of advancement, and idle aristocrats. -"Free labor" northern society offered opportunity to move up in life by allowing the laborer to move up to the status of landowner or craftsman. -Republicans were against the spread of slavery, but did not support ending slavery where it already existed. INCORRECT -Republicans believed slavery should be allowed to expand westward.
#13 The Dred Scott decision challenged the very heart of the Republican Party platform. What events occurred as a result of the Dred Scott decision?
CORRECT -Slavery, according to President Buchanan, henceforth existed in all the territories "by virtue of the Constitution." -The question of black citizenship was brought to the center of the national political agenda. INCORRECT -Stephen Douglas formed an alliance with congressional Republicans to admit Kansas as a slave state. -James Buchanan became one of the most popular presidents in U.S. history because of his handling of the Dred Scott case.
#23 Between 1883 and 1905, more than fifty people a year were lynched, which is murder by a mob, in the South. Identify the statements that describe lynching in the South.
CORRECT -Some lynchings occurred in secret, while others were advertised in advance. -Many individuals who spoke out against lynching faced severe repercussions for their actions. -Many victims were accused of raping white women, thereby supposedly justifying the lynching. INCORRECT -Lynchings were not isolated to the United States; Canada also had hundreds of reported lynchings.
#29 Artisans like the pewterers, represented in the image below, supported ratification of the new Constitution for which of the following reasons?
CORRECT -The Constitution would protect the commerce on which sales of their crafts depended. -Federalists argued that adoption of the Constitution would stimulate and improve the economy. INCORRECT -Urban artisans like the pewterers supported the Constitution's limitations on democracy. -Artisans were dependent upon slave labor to produce their goods, and the Constitution protected slavery.
#17 Read the excerpt below from A Sharecropping Contract (1866). We [Freedmen] furthermore bind ourselves to and with said Ross that we will do good work and labor ten hours a day on an average, winter and summer. . . . We further agree that we will lose all lost time, or pay at the rate of one dollar per day, rainy days excepted. In sickness and women lying in childbed are to lose the time and account for it to the other hands out of his or her part of the crop. . . .We furthermore bind ourselves that we will obey the orders of said Ross in all things in carrying out and managing said crop for said year and be docked for disobedience. All is responsible for all farming utensils that is on hand or may be placed in care of said Freedmen for the year 1866 to said Ross and are also responsible to said Ross if we carelessly, maliciously maltreat any of his stock for said year to said Ross for damages to be assessed out of our wages. In what ways does the contract limit the freedom of the laborers?
CORRECT -The freedmen are contractually obligated to "obey" the landowner. -The freedmen are required to compensate the landowner if they miss work for a day. INCORRECT -The freedmen are not allowed to sell the land for profit. -The landowner is allowed to deduct expenses from the profits of the freedmen without explanation.
#8 Review the following video in which author Eric Foner discusses the Cotton Kingdom. According to the textbook, and the video with Dr. Foner, which of the following statements regarding the growth of the Cotton Kingdom are true?
CORRECT -The growth of cotton production in the South was tied to commerce in the North, as cotton export involved northern merchants, financiers, and craftspeople. -Native Americans were forced to cede land in order to provide space for settlement of white planters. -Slavery expanded westward INCORRECT -Cotton production became more widespread because the cotton gin made slave labor easier.
#14 What does the table reveal about the free black population?
CORRECT -The largest number of free blacks remained in the South. -The entire black population in the North was free. INCORRECT -Although Washington, D.C., was in the South, 100 percent of the black population there was free because it was the nation's capital. -The majority of free blacks in the South lived in Virginia.
#9 The table on the left illustrates how many slaves there were in the antebellum South. The table on the right indicates not population, but the relative proportions of yeoman farmers who owned fewer than twenty slaves per family, and the elite planters who owned more than 100. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the information provided by these tables?
CORRECT -The members of the elite planter class were outnumbered by their slaves on the plantation as well as in society at large. -In the year 1850, there were almost ten times as many slaves in the South as there were slaveholders. -The elite planter class was a small proportion of antebellum society. INCORRECT -There were roughly twenty-five slaves per white person in the antebellum South. -Most white southerners owned slaves.
#8 Identify the statements that describe the U.S. railroad system in the 1850s.
CORRECT -The railroads completed the reorientation of the Northwest's trade from the South to the East. -Most of the new railroad construction in the 1850s occurred in Ohio, Illinois, and other states in the Old Northwest Territory. -Between 1848 and 1860, railroad workers added thousands of miles of new tracks. INCORRECT -By 1860, 60 million bushels of western wheat now passed through the South on the new railroads on its way to eastern and world markets.
#5 Drag the statements that describe the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints to the image of the temple below.
CORRECT -The religion was founded by Joseph Smith, and the followers are often referred to as Mormons. -Joseph Smith, founder of the Church, introduced doctrines such as the rejection of alcohol, family as the basis of social order, and polygamy. -The religion emerged from upstate New York and migrated westward to Illinois and eventually present-day Utah. INCORRECT -Members followed astrict, traditionalreading of the Christian Bible.
#25 Analyze the image below. What does it reveal about the ratification of the Constitution?
CORRECT -There were states in both the North and the South that did not support ratification of the Constitution. -Although two states did not support the Constitution, the majority of states supported ratification. INCORRECT -New York was the eleventh state to reject ratification of the Constitution. -While the northern states unanimously supported ratification, all states in the South were unanimous in their refusal to support ratification of the Constitution.
#10 On the eve of the Civil War, nearly half a million free blacks lived in the United States, the majority of them in the South. Identify the statements that describe the restrictions under which free blacks lived.
CORRECT -They had to carry a certificate of freedom. -Many southern states prohibited free blacks from entering whatsoever. -They were not allowed to testify in court against whites. INCORRECT -They could not marry.
#22 Identify the statements that describe the Redeemers and the impact of their rise to power.
CORRECT -They were a group of merchants, planters, and entrepreneurs who dominated regional politics and sought to undo Reconstruction efforts. -They passed new laws authorizing the arrest of virtually any person without a job and greatly increased the penalties for petty crimes. -They reduced budgets for schools and hospitals, as well as reduced taxes for people who owned property. INCORRECT -They raised taxes on wealthy landowners and used the money to subsidize schools and hospitals.
#11 Analyze the cartoon below titled "The Greatest Department Store on Earth," from Puck magazine (November 29, 1899).How does this artist depict the American economy during the Gilded Age?
CORRECT -Uncle Sam sold its manufactured products throughout the globe. -The American economy was diversified, not reliant on just one product. INCORRECT -The American economy, represented by Uncle Sam's Department Store, is on the verge of bankruptcy and closing. -The American economy was based on importing, not exporting products.
#18 Identify the statements that describe Booker T. Washington and his ideas.
CORRECT -Washington urged blacks to adjust to segregation and abandon agitation for civil and political rights. -Washington urged blacks to seek the assistance of white employers who would prefer docile, dependable black workers to radicalized whites. INCORRECT -Washington was unpopular as assaults on segregation were seen as the only way to end racism. -Washington changed the curriculum at Tuskegee to emphasize a classical education.
#19 Review the following video featuring author Eric Foner. Identify the statements that describe westward expansion.
CORRECT -Westward expansion had been happening since the first settlers arrived and moved inland. -The West emerged as its own distinct region, with its own culture, different from the South and New England. -By supporting the West, politicians gained power. INCORRECT -It was not until the nineteenth century that Americans began to push westward.
#14 Which of the following are valid statements about the election of 1844?
CORRECT -Whig candidate Henry Clay rejected annexation of Texas because he did not want to inflame sectional tensions. -President John Tyler used Texas annexation to facilitate his campaign and gain support from southerners. INCORRECT -Clay's defeat of Polk underscored the bitter feelings between northerners and southerners over Texas annexation and slavery's expansion. -Democratic nominee James K. Polk argued against the acquisition of Oregon, believing it would further incite sectional tensions.
#16 Identify some of the ways in which blacks demonstrated their freedom following the end of the Civil War.
CORRECT -by locating and reuniting with loved ones from whom they had been separated under slavery -by attending religious services -by attending school INCORRECT -by purchasing land
#12 The U.S. Constitution was a unique combination of political principles. Identify the features below that describe the principles embodied in the Constitution.
CORRECT -checks and balances -federalism INCORRECT -"One Nation Under God" -the New Jersey Plan
#19 Slavery had a disruptive impact on the traditional political parties and immediately caused political transformation in the mid-1850s. Identify the economic and social changes that led to the rise of the Republican Party.
CORRECT -completion of the market revolution and industrialization -mass immigration from Europe -industrial economy
#13 Identify the basic political principles outlined in the Constitution.
CORRECT -federalism, or the division of power, which is the relationship between the state and the national government -a system of checks and balances that prevents any branch of national government from dominating the other two INCORRECT -the three-fifths clause, which outlines how the slave population would be counted toward state representation -the New Jersey Plan, which called for a two-house Senate
#7 Identify the statements that describe the American system of manufactures.
CORRECT -led to the wide dispersion of mechanical skills throughout northern society -introduced the mass production of parts that could be rapidly built into standardized products INCORRECT -established a system that privileged skilled craftsmen over the mass production of products -leveraged slave labor to build specialized products for international trade
#30 Thomas Jefferson dispatched Lewis and Clark to explore the West. Identify the objectives Jefferson established for this team.
CORRECT -locate a water route to the Pacific Ocean -identify possible commercial opportunities -extend diplomatic efforts with natives INCORRECT -negotiate with Native Americans to acquire more land
#26 Identify the statements that describe sharecropping.
CORRECT -required farmers to divide the crop with the landowner at the end of the year -preferred by former slaves because it allowed them to work without white supervision -guaranteed planters a stable labor force -a compromise between blacks' desire for landownership and whites' desire to discipline their labor force INCORRECT -provided a path to landownership for blacks
#16 Which of the following issues contributed to Jefferson's victory in the presidential election of 1800?
CORRECT -southern votes made powerful from the three-fifths apportionment of electors -the Federalists' failure to mobilize voters through pamphlets, newspapers, and public meetings -voter anger over the Alien and Sedition Acts INCORRECT -the passing of the Twelfth Amendment ensuring that electors cast separate votes for Jefferson and his running mate, Aaron Burr -Alexander Hamilton's withdrawal from the race -northern votes from the commercial class
#28 Identify the groups of people who were most commonly Anti-Federalists.
CORRECT -state politicians -small farmers INCORRECT -urban Americans -wealthy landowners
#5 As the nineteenth century progressed, some southern states enacted laws to prevent the mistreatment of slaves, and their material living conditions improved. Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing the improvements.
Compared to slaves in Brazil or the West Indies, American slaves had ______BETTER________ diets. This was because the South had _______ABUNDANT_______ food supplies and wild game. The slaves supplemented the food provided by their masters by _________HUNTING IN THE FOREST________ and cultivating vegetables themselves
#5 In 2011, after eight years of fighting, American troops returned home from Iraq. Their departure, combined with the fragile governments in the outskirts of Iraq, gave rise to fundamentalist groups that gained power. Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing one such group. ________ISIS_________, the self-proclaimed Islamic State, first appeared in Iraq, where it quickly captured territory before moving west toward __________Syria________ to assist in the civil war taking place there. Its tactics defied conventional military engagement, and its use of __________social media_______ to publicize its brutality and beheadings both shocked the world and inspired recruits to the organization.
ISIS, Syria, social media
#18 Analyze the following early twentieth-century print advertisement depicting the Statue of Liberty. What Progressive ideals does it illustrate?
It shows how economic abundance shifted the quest for freedom and liberty to the realm of an "American standard of living" in which personal fulfillment was to be found through acquiring material goods.
#3 Slaveowners attempted to prevent slaves from learning about the larger world around them. How did slaves acquire knowledge of current events?
Many owners were unaware that slaves created neighborhood networks that transmitted news of local and national importance between plantations.
#20 The early decades of the twentieth century ushered in a wave of Progressive reforms, resulting in unprecedented social and political reform. Place the following Progressive accomplishments in chronological order.
ORDER: -1900 - Wisconsin governor Robert La Follette initiated state Progressive reforms, commonly referred to as the "Wisconsin Idea" -1906 - Congress passed the Pure Food and Drug Act -1913 - The Seventeenth Amendment was added to the Constitution, providing for the direct election of senators. -1914 - The Clayton Act was passed.
#19 In the early twentieth century, civil liberties gained more importance and protection for Americans. Place the following events in chronological order, tracing several key events that led to an expansion of civil liberties.
ORDER: -The American Civil Liberties Union is established. -The Meyer v. Nebraska ruling overturns Nebraska's law prohibiting teaching a language other than English. -The Court voids laws in Kansas and Minnesota that authorized censorship of speech and the press. -The Court overturns a censorship ban on Ulysses.
#14 Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing the New Left. The ______Old Left_______ largely focused on economic equality and social citizenship, whereas the _______New Left_______ challenged mainstream America. The New Left, inspired largely by the ________black freedom movement__________, hungered for authenticity that affluence could not provide.
Old Left, New Left, the black freedom movement
#2 The culture of slavery in the antebellum South was different from the culture of slavery in Brazil and the West Indies. Determine whether the statements below better describe antebellum slave culture in the United States or the patterns of slave-keeping in South America and the Caribbean.
THE ANTEBELLUM SOUTH: -There were few free blacks in this society; those who were free had few rights. -Slave rebellions were fairly rare. -Enslaved persons in this society had better living conditions and longer life expectancies.Brazil or the BRAZIL OR THE WEST INDIES: -Plantation owners in this society would occasionally free their slaves as reward for good work or in honor of rites of passage like marriage. -Slave rebellions were common and large-scale. -Plantation owners tended not to live on their plantations.
#15 A lithograph titled The Industrious Man shows a man returning from work and being greeted by his wife and children. A caption reads, "It is Saturday night. The industrious man returns from his labour in peace. He is welcome to an humble home. Pleasant smiles and happy voices greet him. Let him fear and serve God and God will bless him and his household forever." Using information from the chapter, drag the following statements to the portions of the image they best describe.
THE MAN: Men moved freely between thepublic and private spheres. THE WOMAN CARRYING THE BABY: Women were associated withvirtue, domesticity, and the privaterealm of the family. THE FIREPLACE: The home was increasingly strippedof its economic functions and associatedwith the pleasures of docile domesticity.
#10 Friedrich Hayek advocated for the concepts of laissez-faire economic thought and free markets.
false
#19 An estimated 75 percent of enslaved women and 90 percent of enslaved men worked in the fields of the American South. The organization of their labor varied, but two main organizations were the task system and the gang system. Match each statement below to the type of labor organization it describes.
gang labor: -This system of field work was known to be more violent than the other. -Groups of slaves were supervised as they did their work. -common on plantations in southern Louisiana where sugarcane was cultivated task labor: -common on plantations producing rice along the coasts of South Carolina and Georgia -Slaves were given a series of daily jobs to be done at their own pace.
#3 Which Midwestern "red" state "swung" for the first time since the Great Depression to support the Democratic Party candidate, Barack Obama, during the 2008 presidential election?
indiana
#7 Read and analyze the "Voices of Freedom" primary source document from the chapter titled "The Souls of Black Folk" (1903) by W. E. B. Du Bois. Afterward, complete the following statement. Du Bois argued that while the perception among ignorant peoples was that African-Americans were __________listless____________ , African-Americans were in fact _______integral___________ to the development of the nation, stating that the United States was built through the blood and toil of ________black americans____________.
listless, integral, black Americans
#18 Identify the following slave rebellions and revolts in the nineteenth-century Atlantic World.
slave ship Creole: a ship seized by 135 slaves being transported from Norfolk to New Orleans; they changed its course to the British Bahamas where they were given refugeslave ship Creole Gabriel's rebellion: the first of four major slave conspiracies in the beginning of the nineteenth century that was led by a literate blacksmith who planned a large slave rebellion around RichmondGabriel's rebellion Louisiana: an uprising that occurred on sugar plantations north of New Orleans; some 500 men and women marched on New Orleans shouting "Death or Freedom"Louisiana slave ship Amistad: a celebrated incident in which fifty-three slaves took control of their ship and tried to redirect it to Africaslave ship Amistad
#15 Analyze the map below. The presidential election of 1968 revived the political life of Richard Nixon. Based on the election map above, what region of the United States seemed to be the only one to support Lyndon Johnson's Great Society?
the northeast
#5 In 1929, the global financial system was based on the gold standard and was extremely vulnerable to any financial downturn escalating quickly to catastrophic economic meltdown. As the financial markets collapsed, thousands of banks collapsed as people withdrew their savings in the fear that paper money would no longer be backed or redeemed for gold.
true
#9 The Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), which grew to become the era's largest female organization by 1890, demanded the prohibition of alcoholic beverages because it worried that alcohol threatened the stability of men and ultimately their homes.
true
#2 Review the following video titled "Prohibition" with author Eric Foner. Afterward, complete the following statement. More than the backdrop to Al Capone and speakeasies, Prohibition was indeed a serious federal effort to curtail alcohol consumption. Prohibition was enforced ____________unequally_________ as authorities often targeted _______poor citizens__________ and African-American communities. In addition to law officials, the _______Ku Klux Klan_________ also took it upon itself to enforce Prohibition laws.
unequally, poor citizens, Ku Klux Klan
QUIZ 2. QUIZ 2. QUIZ 2.
QUIZ 2. QUIZ 2. QUIZ 2.
#1 Read the following passage titled The History of the American Revolution (1789) by David Ramsay, a member of the Continental Congress from South Carolina. Select the sections of the passage in which Ramsay argues that the American experiment in government is based upon Enlightenment values of reason, liberty, and "experience."
--"In America alone, reason and liberty concurred in the formation of constitutions." --"In this happy peculiarity they placed the science of politics on a footing with the other sciences, by opening it to improvements from experience, and the discoveries of future ages."
#23 Identify the following key terms.
--Force Act: passed by Congress to enforce the federal tariff of 1832 --Exposition and Protest: justified South Carolina's arguments for nullification by drawing on the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions of 1798. --Tariff of abominations: raised taxes on imported manufactured goods made of wool, as well as raw materials such as iron --Nullification Crisis: represented a conflict between the federal government and South Carolina that eventually led to well-developed political philosophy
#6 Identify the statements that describe the Old South.
CORRECT -In 1860, the South produced less than 10 percent of the nation's manufactured goods. -Slaves and slaveowners were a smaller part of the population in the Upper South than in the Lower South. INCORRECT -Large numbers of immigrants were attracted to settling in the South. -There were no industrial centers in the South.
#11 Which of the following domestic accomplishments for desegregation occurred during the war?
CORRECT -Discrimination was banned in defense jobs. -Segregation was ended in the U.S. Navy. INCORRECT -College opportunities and loans outlined in the GI Bill were provided to all veterans equally, regardless of race. -Due to a new appreciation for blacks in the military, segregation was lifted temporarily during the war in movie theaters and restaurants.
#7 Identify the statements that describe the population at the time of Mexican independence from Spain in 1821.
CORRECT -In California, thousands of Indians lived and worked on land owned by religious missions. INCORRECT -The population of the United States was approximately half of Mexico's population. -Missionaries in California greatly outnumbered Indians. -California, New Mexico, and Texas were among Mexico's most densely settled provinces.
#20 Review the following video featuring author Eric Foner. Identify the statements that describe the internal borderland along the Ohio River.
CORRECT -Cultural connections, trade connections, and family connections transcended the border. -There was more trade between people across the Ohio River than in the most northern parts of their own states. -It was the boundary between free and slavery societies. INCORRECT -The northern side was deeply antislavery, whereas the people on the southern side were proslavery.
#22 Identify the demands of the early labor movement.
CORRECT -the limit of working hours to ten hours a day -the end of imprisonment because of debts owed -the opportunity for free public education INCORRECT -the limit of working hours to fourteen hours a day
#15 The most widespread expression of hostility to slavery as an institution was "day-to-day resistance" or "silent sabotage." Identify examples of the forms of "day-to-day resistance" that the slaves performed.
CORRECT -theft of food -breaking tools, doing poor work, abusing animals INCORRECT -coordinating rebellions -refusing to work
#8 President Washington chose Alexander Hamilton to head the Treasury Department, but Hamilton's ideas for a federal financial plan were disputed by his old Anti-Federalist opponents, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. Match the beliefs below to their appropriate proponent(s).
ALEXANDER HAMILTON -The future financial health of the republic is tied to commerce with Europe. -There should be a standing national army to deal with potential uprisings. THOMAS JEFFERSON AND JAMES MADDISON -Small landowners and farmers are the cornerstone of a democratic republic. -Principles of free trade are important to the future financial health of the republic.
#15 As ratification debates went on, those for and against ratification of the Constitution (Federalists and Anti-Federalists, respectively) coalesced into distinct groups. Match each of the following characteristics to the group it best describes.
ANTI-FEDERALIST -represented the interests of the rural farmer and the "common citizen" -argued for a federal government only strong enough to do its tasks without interfering with state and local initiatives FEDERALIST -found support from cosmopolitan areas -argued that the country's large size and diversity of interests would be its strength -represented the interests of merchants and the commercial class
#17 The election of 1800 caused a constitutional crisis after it resulted in a tie between Thomas Jefferson and his running mate, _________ _____.The tie sent the final vote to the ________ __ ______________. To prevent this occurrence in the future, Congress passed the ___________ ___________ ,which requires electors to cast separate votes for the president and vice president.
Aaron Burr, House of Representatives, Twelfth Amendment
#9 Which of the following statements about the presidential election of 2016 are accurate?
CORRECT -Donald Trump garnered three million fewer popular votes than his opponent, Hillary Clinton. -Prior to the election, public opinion polls virtually guaranteed Clinton the election. INCORRECT -Trump utilized the power of reach of social media to issue detailed documents outlining his policies on various issues. -The election demonstrated growing unity between rural America and large metropolitan areas.
#12 Analyze the table showing women's participation in the labor force from 1900 to 1930. What does it reveal about employment trends in the early twentieth century?
CORRECT -The percentage of married women in the labor force doubled between 1900 and 1930. -By 1930, the percentage of the total workforce comprised of women was larger than the total percentage of all women who worked. INCORRECT -In 1920, there were more women in the labor force than men. -The percentage of married women who worked increased between 1910 and 1920.
#11 Slaveowners employed a variety of means in their attempts to maintain order and discipline among their human property and persuade them to labor productively. Identify the methods used to control slaves and force them to work for their masters.
CORRECT -whipping slaves and other physical punishments -the threat of sale -prohibiting relations between house servants and field hands to prevent collaboration against the master INCORRECT -promising the opportunity to purchase their freedom if they work hard
#12 Analyze the presidential election of 1856 map, and then match each political party to its correct description(s). Please note that some labels or targets may not be used.
DEMOCRAT: -captured the recently admitted state of CaliforniaDemocrat -gained 174 electoral college votes -captured support in both northern and southern states AMERICAN: -gained only one state
#17 By the middle of 2008, when the median family income was around $50,000, the average American family owed an $84,000 home mortgage, $14,000 in auto and student loans, $8,500 to credit card companies, and $10,000 in home equity loans. What effect did this amount of borrowing have on the country?
Eventually many Americans defaulted on their loans and banks found themselves holding billions of dollars of worthless investments
#5 Thomas Jefferson was a staunch advocate to free trade and he promoted the ability of American vessels to trade at any port in the world. In December 1807, however, he persuaded Congress to enact the Embargo Act to ban American vessels from sailing to foreign ports. Categorize the statements below between the deliberate intentions for the embargo (what Jefferson hoped to achieve), and what actual effects the Embargo had. Not all options will be used.
INTENTION -stop European interference with American shipping -decrease incidences of impressment EFFECT -decrease exports from America to Europe -devastation of the economies of American port cities
#5 Identify how the Good Neighbor Policy of the 1930s sought to improve relations between the United States and Latin America.
It reduces U.S. military intervention
#18 What does this map reveal about why Jefferson referred to his victory as the Revolution of 1800?
Jefferson won almost all the electoral votes in the South
#19 Identify how the Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 was similar to the American Revolution.
Pennsylvania farmers were protesting a tax, similar to taxes protested in the revolution
QUIZ 10---------------QUIZ 10-------------QUIZ 10---------------
QUIZ 10----------QUIZ 10------------QUIZ 10-----------
QUIZ 11---------------QUIZ 11-------------QUIZ 11---------------
QUIZ 11------------QUIZ 11----------QUIZ 11------------
QUIZ 12---------------QUIZ 12-------------QUIZ 12---------------
QUIZ 12----------QUIZ 12-----------QUIZ 12------------
QUIZ 4-----------------QUIZ 4-----------------QUIZ 4-------------
QUIZ 4-----------------QUIZ 4-----------------QUIZ 4-
QUIZ 5--------------QUIZ 5-------------------QUIZ 5-----------
QUIZ 5--------------QUIZ 5-------------------QUIZ 5--
QUIZ 6--------------QUIZ 6-------------------QUIZ 6-----------
QUIZ 6-----------QUIZ 6--------------QUIZ 6----------
QUIZ 7--------------QUIZ 7-------------------QUIZ 7-----------
QUIZ 7------------QUIZ 7-----------------QUIZ 7-------
QUIZ 8--------------QUIZ 8-------------------QUIZ 8-----------
QUIZ 8-----------QUIZ 8--------------QUIZ 8----------
QUIZ 9---------------QUIZ 9----------------QUIZ 9---------------
QUIZ 9-----------QUIZ 9--------------QUIZ 9----------
#6 In a fireside chat in December 1940, President Roosevelt announced that the United States would become the "great arsenal of democracy." What did he mean by that phrase?
Roosevelt was referring to the United States providing Britain and China with military supplies.
#17 The Texas Revolt of 1835 was a chaotic affair that eventually led to the independent Republic of Texas in 1836. Identify the main battles and protagonists in relation to the Texas Revolt.
SAM HUSTON: -general of the Republic of Texas army GENERAL ANTONIO LOPEZ DE SANTA ANNA: -president and general of the Mexican Republic BATTLE OF THE ALAMO: -Mexican victory over the forces of Texas BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO: -Texan victory over Santa Anna
#24 The First Amendment faced its first major challenge during the presidency of John Adams when the Federalists passed laws in an attempt to silence their critics. The Alien Act and the Sedition Act both set limitations on citizenship or free speech. Review the following video from author Eric Foner titled "Alien and Sedition Acts."
THE SEDITION ACT -resulted in numerous newspaper editors being put on trial, some of whom were jailed -made it a crime to criticize the federal government THE ALIEN ACT -allowed for the deportation of persons deemed "dangerous" by federal authorities
#20 As George Washington settled into his presidency, factions argued about the role of the new government. Which of the following represents the views on government held by the "strict constructionists"?
The government could only exercise powers written in the original US constitution
#24 Identify the statement that describes the shift from the ideology of "republican motherhood" to the cult of domesticity in the mid-nineteenth century.
The idealized image of a woman shifted from that of a mother of future citizens to that of a virtuous and obedient person dependent on her husband.
#2 Identify the statement that best describes what is being represented in this cartoon.
The illustration is making the point that the distance provided by the Atlantic Ocean is no longer a guarantee of American security and isolation from European problems
#10 Using information provided by the table below, select the two states with the largest proportion of enslaved persons per total population in 1790.
Virginia, South Carolina
#4 Many politicians in Congress were willing to ratify the League of Nations treaty with some "reservations," but President Woodrow Wilson was unwilling to compromise. Why was he unwilling to compromise?
Wilson believed "the hand of God" was reflected in the treaty
#16 With the price of slaves rising dramatically after the closing of the African slave trade, it made economic sense for slaveowners to pay less for their slaves' health care and shelter.
false
#18 President Harry S. Truman had promised a national health-care plan in the 1940s. When Bill Clinton was president, he tried to resurrect Truman's plan, but lost support. President Obama also made the topic one of his campaign promises and aroused strong partisan opposition. Claiming that it amounted to a "government takeover" of the health-care industry, every Democrat in Congress voted against the bill.
false
#2 American leaders believed the success of the new government depended on maintaining political harmony. What were they most concerned would lead to conflicts?
political parties
#1 The influence of big business on the Republican Party and the party's domination of government resulted in a close relationship between big business and the Republican Party.
true
#2 Former slaves believed that their political freedom should include the right to vote.
true
#26 The XYZ affair resulted in a "quasi-war" between the United States and __________. When a representative from the United States visited Paris to negotiate a new trade agreement, the individual was met by officials demanding ____________ before the negotiations could move forward. As a result, America's relationship with its former ____________ was severely strained, and the U.S. and French navies clashed at sea.
France, bribes, ally
#11 The 2013 Supreme Court case Shelby County v. Holden invalidated the key accomplishments of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which led to a cascade of new state laws intended to limit the right to vote for poor people of all races.
true
#8 Place these important events of World War II in chronological order.
#1 Japan occupies Dutch-controlled Indonesia, seizing its oil fields #2 British and American forces in North Africa compel the surrender of German general Erwin Rommel #3 200,000 American, British, and Canadian soldiers land in Normandy in northwestern France, commencing the most massive sea-land operation in history #4 American planes drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima Nagasaki
#13 Place these important events that led to American entry into World War II in chronological order.
#1 Japanese invasion of Manchuria #2 German violation of the Versailles Treaty and invasion of the Rhineland #3 the United States begins to sell and lend military aid and supplies to the countries fighting Germany and Japan #4 attack on Pearl Harbor
#13 During the Gilded Age, the federal government sought to define the place of Native Americans in society and address questions of indigenous citizenship. Place the following events in chronological order.
-Congress eliminated the treaty system with native tribes. -The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Elk v. Wilkins that citizenship did not apply to Native Americans. -The Dawes Act was passed, dividing tribal land into parcels of land open for white settlement. -Congress extended citizenship to all Native Americans.
#12 Identify some of the important figures in this landmark case concerning the internment of Japanese-Americans.
-Supreme Court Justice who issued a now-famous dissent on the Court's decision in Korematsu v. United States Correct label: Robert A. Jackson -American citizen who refused to comply with an internment order Correct label: Fred Korematsu -Supreme Court Justice who upheld the legality of the internment policy Correct label: Hugo Black -president of the United States who issued Executive Order 9066 relocating all persons of Japanese descent from the U.S. West Coast Correct label: Franklin Roosevelt
#6 The 1890s saw the widespread imposition of segregation in the South. Laws and local customs requiring the separation of the races had numerous precedents. Match the following terms dealing with segregation to the correct definition.
-THE CIVIL RIGHTS CASES: The Supreme Court invalidated most of the Civil Rights Act of 1875. -JOHN MARSHALL HARLAN: lone dissenting Supreme Court Justice in Plessy v. Ferguson -PLESSY V. FERGUSON: The Supreme Court approved state laws that required separate but equal facilities for the races
#8 Which of the following are examples of actions by Wall Street firms and executives during and after the Great Recession that began to turn the tide of public opinion toward the need for increased government regulation of the financial industry?
-Taxpayer money went to bail out firms that were considered "too big to fail." -Firms faced billions of dollars in fines for their activities, but no individuals were charged with crimes or faced prison sentences. -Following the start of the Great Recession, Wall Street firms fired thousands of employees, but still paid out billions in executive bonuses. -Criminals like Bernard Madoff schemed investors out of billions of dollars.
#12 Read and analyze the "Voices of Freedom" document from the chapter derived from a 1934 fireside chat with President Franklin D. Roosevelt. In the excerpt below, FDR outlines his definition of freedom and attempts to mobilize support for New Deal programs. Click on the excerpts below where Roosevelt defends the government's involvement in the recovery of the American economy. To those who say that our expenditures for public works and other means for recovery are a waste that we cannot afford, I answer that no country, however rich, can afford the waste of its human resources. Demoralization caused by vast unemployment is our greatest extravagance. Morally, it is the greatest menace to our social order. Some people try to tell me that we must make up our minds that in the future we shall permanently have millions of unemployed just as other countries have had them for over a decade. What may be necessary for those countries is not my responsibility to determine. But as for this country, I stand or fall by my refusal to accept as a necessary condition of our future a permanent army of unemployed. ... In our efforts for recovery we have avoided, on the one hand, the theory that business should and must be taken over into an all-embracing Government. We have avoided, on the other hand, the equally untenable theory that it is an interference with liberty to offer reasonable help when private enterprise is in need of help. The course we have followed fits the American practice of Government, a practice of taking action step by step, of regulating only to meet concrete needs, a practice of courageous recognition of change. I believe with Abraham Lincoln, that "the legitimate object of Government is to do for a community of people whatever they need to have done but cannot do at all or cannot do so well for themselves in their separate and individual capacities." I am not for a return to that definition of liberty under which for many years a free people were being gradually regimented into the service of the privileged few. I prefer and I am sure you prefer that broader definition of liberty under which we are moving forward to greater freedom, to greater security for the average man than he has ever known before in the history of America.
-To those who say that our expenditures for public works and other means for recovery are a waste that we cannot afford, I answer that no country, however rich, can afford the waste of its human resources. -The course we have followed fits the American practice of Government, a practice of taking action step by step, of regulating only to meet concrete needs, a practice of courageous recognition of change. -I believe with Abraham Lincoln, that "the legitimate object of Government is to do for a community of people whatever they need to have done but cannot do at all or cannot do so well for themselves in their separate and individual capacities."
#1 Read and analyze the document from the chapter, titled "Letter to the Middletown Sentinel and Witness," derived from a letter written to a local Connecticut newspaper in 1850. In the excerpt below, six residents from Middletown, Connecticut, react to the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act. Click on the excerpts below where the residents describe their intent to disobey the new law. The undersigned are friends of law. We reverence law. We are of the party of law and order. ... Even an imperfect law we will respect and bear with, till we can obtain its modification or repeal. But all is not law which calls itself law. When iniquity frames itself into law, the sacredness of law is gone. When an enactment, falsely calling itself law, is imposed upon us, which disgraces our country, which invades our conscience, which dishonors our religion, which is an outrage upon our sense of justice, we take our stand against the imposition. The Fugitive Slave Law commands all good citizens to be slave catchers. Good citizens cannot be slave catchers, any more than light can be darkness. You tell us, the Union will be endangered if we oppose this law. We reply, that greater things than the Union will be endangered, if we submit to it: Conscience, Humanity, Self-respect are greater than the Union. ... When our sense of decency is clean gone forever, we will turn slave catchers; till then, never. You tell us that great men made this law. If great men choose to disgrace themselves, choose to put off all manliness, and plunge all over into meanness and dishonor, it does not follow that small men should do so too. If Beacon Street [a chief commercial street in Boston] and Marshfield [Daniel Webster's estate] choose to turn slave catchers, let them. We farmers and working men choose to stay by our plows and mills. ... We are not yet ready to give ourselves over to all manner of villainy. Be the consequence what it may, come fines, come imprisonment, come what will, this thing you call law we will not obey.
-When an enactment, falsely calling itself law, is imposed upon us, which disgraces our country, which invades our conscience, which dishonors our religion, which is an outrage upon our sense of justice, we take our stand against the imposition. -When our sense of decency is clean gone forever, we will turn slave catchers; till then, never. -Be the consequence what it may, come fines, come imprisonment, come what will, this thing you call law we will not obey.
#20 Analyze the Voices of Freedom document in the chapter, titled Declaration of the Immediate Causes of Secession (1860). Then, complete the following statement. South Carolina's Declaration of Secession argued that South Carolina seceded from the Union because northerners have __________encouraged______________ runaway slaves, elected a president _________hostile____________ to slavery and its expansion, and worked to __________minimize_____________ the power of slave-holding states.
-encouraged -hostile -minimize
#4 Analyze the image below which shows lyrics to a satirical song about the West, written in 1845. What does the image reveal about the contrast between how America viewed the West, and the reality of the West?
Americans romanticized the West as a land of opportunity and promise, in reality it was rough and a difficult place to live.
#6 Identify the significance of the Haitian Revolution for both African-Americans and white Americans.
CORRECT -African-Americans saw the Haitian Revolution as the promise of freedom, and many free blacks emigrated to Haiti as a result. -For white Americans, the Haitian Revolution reinforced their fears of slave revolts; as a result, many whites in Haiti emigrated to the United States. INCORRECT -Blacks in Haiti viewed the Haitian Revolution as proof of the power of plantation owners on the island; as a result, many emigrated to the United States. -White Americans saw the Haitian Revolution as an opportunity to expand their plantations in Haiti; as a result, many emigrated to Haiti.
#7 Southern Democrats held very powerful positions in Congress, and Roosevelt felt it was necessary to appease them to ensure the passage of his New Deal legislation. Identify the statements that describe the political monopoly in the South.
CORRECT -Democratic incumbents were elected in election after election, making the outcomes feel predetermined. -After blacks lost the right to vote at the turn of the century, Republicans had no chance in the South, leaving Democrats with a political monopoly in the region. -Roosevelt agreed to exclude agricultural and domestic workers from Social Security, pleasing southern white Democrats because these jobs were the largest categories of black employment. INCORRECT -Southern Democrats proposed the Lundeen Bill as an alternative to the Social Security Act, which included benefits for agricultural workers and domestic servants.
#5 During the Depression, there were widespread calls for women to remove themselves from the labor market to make room for unemployed men. Identify the statements that describe women during the Depression.
CORRECT -The profile of women was raised during the era by Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins and First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, who both advised the president. -Many employers refused to hire married women. -Millions of female domestic servants were excluded from Social Security, excluding them from age-old pensions and unemployment benefits. INCORRECT -The proportion of women in the workforce decreased dramatically during the Depression.
#3 Analyze the passage from John Mitchell's "The Workingman's Conception of Industrial Liberty" (1910). Liberty means more than the right to choose the field of one's employment. He is not a free man whose family must buy food today with the money that is earned tomorrow. He is not really free who is forced to work unduly long hours and for wages so low that he not provide the necessities of life for himself and his family; who must live in a crowded tenement and see his children go to work in the mills, the mines, and the factories before their bodies are developed and their minds trained. What Progressive issues does Mitchell allude to in this passage on "industrial liberty"?
CORRECT -the importance of education -the need to eliminate child labor -the concept of a living wage INCORRECT -the right to strike
#10 The Kennedy administration lasted less than three years and saw few tangible accomplishments, yet President Kennedy's short term in office remains significant today among the general public. Which of the following characteristics describe Kennedy and his administration?
CORRECT -youthful glamour -He inspired hope and belief that tomorrow could be better. INCORRECT -He emphasized that the United States should isolate itself from the rest of the world's problems. -vigorous civil rights support
#14 Identify the statements that describe working conditions and policies during the Gilded Age in America.
CORRECT -American industrial workers perished in workplace accidents perished at a higher rate than anywhere else in the industrial world. -Hardship and economic insecurity were basic facts of life for most workers. -The country's economic growth was distributed unevenly with the top 1 percent of Americans totaling the same level of income as the bottom half of the population. INCORRECT -High wages allowed most working-class families to survive comfortably with only a male breadwinner providing for the family.
#25 Analyze the table below. Identify the statements that describe the economic changes that occurred between 1870 and 1920.
CORRECT -Between 1870 and 1920, the percentage of people employed in industry grew significantly. -Between 1870 and 1920, the percentage of people employed in agriculture decreased significantly. -The GNP per capita between 1870 and 1920 more than doubled. INCORRECT -Although agricultural employment increased between 1870 and 1920, the number of farms decreased significantly.
#27 Analyze the map below. What does it reveal about the realities of emancipation?
CORRECT -Former slaves occupied and farmed their own plots of land. -Former slaves no longer lived in communal housing, but had their own quarters. -Former slaves built their own churches and schools on the plantation. INCORRECT -Former slaves were not allowed to live on the land that they farmed.
#10 Analyze the image below:: In 1876, Winslow Homer painted this imaginary scene between a former slave and a slaveowner. What does he suggest about the relationship among freedmen and former slaveowners in his painting?
CORRECT -Freed blacks and former slaveowners still interacted frequently after emancipation. -Freed blacks no longer had to show reverence to their former owners. INCORRECT -Former slaveholders had no regard for their former slaves, as they were able to hire other workers to take over their jobs. -After emancipation, freed blacks refused to interact with and work for their former owners.
#3 Identify the statements that describe "robber barons."
CORRECT -John D. Rockefeller was considered by many to be the worst of the robber barons. -They exercised incredible amounts of power with little political accountability or regulation. INCORRECT -They were industrial leaders who hoarded their fortunes only to pass on to their family for generations. -They were instrumental in instituting the eight-hour workday for employees.
#24 During this period of time, how did the workers' ideas of freedom differ from those held by the owners and managers of the industry, and how did the courts construe freedom?
CORRECT -Laborers looked to the government to protect their rights and ensure fair working conditions. -Owners did not want the government to regulate business or interfere in the economy. -The courts overturned numerous laws that controlled aspects of economic activity. INCORRECT -Owners wanted the government to regulate business and ensure the passage of laws that would stipulate working conditions and practices.
#12 Read and analyze the "Voices of Freedom" primary source document from the chapter titled "Lynch Law in All Its Phases" by Ida B. Wells (1893). Which of the following arguments did Ida B. Wells make about lynching in nineteenth-century America?
CORRECT -Lawlessness permeated the nation, allowing for lynching. INCORRECT -State officials and law enforcement officers consistently upheld antilynching laws and punished whites who violated the laws. -White accusers needed to have definitive proof of a crime to justify a lynching. -The majority of those lynched had assaulted white women.
#19 Identify the events and conditions that led to the second industrial revolution that took place between the Civil War and the early twentieth century.
CORRECT -The federal government enacted tariffs that protected American industry from foreign competition. -The country had a growing supply of labor and an expanding market for manufactured goods. -There was money available for investment. INCORRECT -The exportation of technical innovations, most notably the automobile, generated a significant influx of revenue into the United States.
#20 Read the excerpt from the Speech of Chief Joseph of the Nez Percé Indians, in Washington, D.C. (1879). I have heard talk and talk, but nothing is done. Good words do not last long unless they amount to something. Words do not pay for my dead people. They do not pay for my country, now overrun by white men. . . . Good words will not get my people a home where they can live in peace and take care of themselves. I am tired of talk that comes to nothing. It makes my heart sick when I remember all the . . . broken promises. . . .If the white man wants to live in peace with the Indian he can live in peace. There need be no trouble. Treat all men alike. Give them the same law. Give them all an even chance to live and grow. All men were made by the same Great Spirit Chief. They are all brothers. What are Chief Joseph's complaints about the treatment of his people?
CORRECT -The white men do not keep their word to his men. -Despite his view that all men are brothers, the white men do not treat Indians as equals. INCORRECT -The white men refuse to live on Indian land with the Indians. -The white men only paid for part of the country they took from the Indians, not all of it.
#9 The Erie Canal, illustrated in the watercolor image below, is typical of engineering improvements at this time. Drag the statements that correctly describe the projects completed during this time to the image below.
CORRECT -Towns grew around roads and canals, and isolated farms became connected to transportation services. -By the mid-nineteenth century, the United States had constructed more miles of railroads than the rest of the world combined. -New transportation infrastructure was often financed by state governments. INCORRECT -New canals and roads obliterated towns and forced communities to relocate. -Infrastructure improvements encouraged western settlers to return to the major cities in the east.
#15 Identify the statements that describe the objectives of the Freedmen's Bureau.
CORRECT -establish schools for blacks -settle disputes between blacks and whites -secure equal treatment for blacks before the courts -provide aid to the poor and aged -reorganize abandoned and confiscated land in the South into forty-acre plots to allocate to former slaves
#4 Identify the escapes or contributions to escapes made by the following individuals.
HARRIET TUBMAN: It is estimated that she saved seventy-five men, women, and children from slavery. HENRY BROWN: He packed himself into a crate and had it shipped from Richmond to Philadelphia. JOHN QUINCEY ADAMS: argued to the Supreme Court that the slaves aboard the ship the Amistad should be freed
#29 Most of the farms on the Great Plains were bonanza farms that covered thousands of acres and employed large numbers of agricultural wage workers.
false
#30 In 1879 and 1880, an estimated 40,000-60,000 African-Americans migrated to Alabama seeking political equality, freedom from violence, access to education, and economic opportunity.
false
#7 The Tea Party, named after the assemblage of characters at the Mad Hatter's tea party in Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland, was a group of frustrated Republicans who opposed Obama's policies.
false
#20 North American slave culture drew very little on African heritage. This was due to the fact that so many American slaves were American born and heavily influenced by white Christianity, political beliefs, and music.
false
#25 Jackson's Democrats were firm believers in using the power of the government to legislate a unified moral vision on society, especially "temperance" laws that restricted alcohol use and production.
false
#16 Read and analyze the "Voices of Freedom" primary source document from the chapter, titled "Majority Opinion in Meyer v. Nebraska" by Justice James C. McReynolds. Justice McReynolds argued that knowledge and instruction of the German language was _________not harmful________ ,rather, an individual's right to education. In this case, the instruction of the German language was protected by the liberty of the ___________fourteenth amendment ________ , which was guaranteed to _________everyone________.
not harmful, fourteenth amendment, everyone
#17 What was the overall significance of the New Deal and its legacy?
significance of the New Deal: -It enhanced the power of the national government. -It made the Democratic Party the majority party in the country for the next thirty to forty years. -It was the first time that the government intervened to promote the right of labor, by recognizing workers' right to organize unions. not a significance of the New Deal: -It drastically decreased unemployment and ended the Depression prior to World War II.
#6 American exceptionalism is the belief that the United States has a special mission to serve as a refuge from tyranny, a symbol of freedom, and a model for the rest of the world. However, the United States continued to lag behind other economically advanced countries in many areas. Which of the following statements is true?
the United States has by far the highest rate of murder using guns among advanced countries
#1 Kennedy's plan for Cuba escalated from fanning a revolt to an amphibious landing by several hundred Cubans trained by the CIA in Guatemala, known as the Bay of Pigs invasion. Identify the ultimate result of this expedition.
the invasion failed and further linked Cuba to Soviet Union
#12 Slavery in the American South and the West Indies differed considerably. Identify the demographic differences in slavery in these regions.
AMERICAN SOUTH: -Marriage among slaves in this region was much more common, leading to a greater possibility of creating family life. -The number of male and female slaves were about the same. WEST INDIES: -The number of male slaves outnumbered the female slaves.
#13 After abolition in the North, slavery had become the "peculiar institution" of the South. Identify the statements that describe this "peculiar institution" in the antebellum American South.
CORRECT -In the South as a whole, slaves made up one-third of the total population, and in the cotton-producing states of the Lower South, around half. -The Old South was the largest and most powerful slave-holding society in the modern world. -The slave economy in the South revolved around the region's monopoly on cotton, which was referred to as "white gold." INCORRECT -While important, slave labor contributed only a small proportion of the total economic investment in the American economy, far less than the nation's factories, railroads, and banks.
#5 Identify the statements that describe the results of the election of 1860.
CORRECT -The Constitutional Union Party, which was quickly organized prior to the election, managed to come in third in the electoral college vote. -Stephen Douglas, running as a northern Democrat, won the second-largest share of the popular vote. -Southern Democrat John C. Breckinridge carried most of the South with 18 percent of the popular vote. INCORRECT -Abraham Lincoln won more than 50 percent of the popular vote.
#9 In what ways did public life become democratized throughout the 1790s?
CORRECT -The general public engaged in bitter debates over economic policy. -Ordinary citizens formed political societies to discuss political issues and to criticize the government. INCORRECT -Citizens were more concerned with issues in the private sphere, and as such did not engage in conversation about issues of national interest. -Citizens were not allowed to speak out against Congress and faced jail time for engaging in political debate.
#4 Gabriel's Rebellion never transpired because the plot was discovered and its leaders arrested; nevertheless, the threat of the slave uprising inspired a couple of outcomes. Identify the consequences of Gabriel's Rebellion
CORRECT -the Virginia legislature tightened control over the black population. -The Virginia legislature restricted the ability of slaveowners to voluntarily emancipate their slaves. INCORRECT -Changes to Virginia law forced plantation owners to emancipate their slaves and settle them outside of the state. -Changes to Virginia law forced plantation owners to emancipate their slaves and settle them outside of the state.
#3 Settlers of the frontiers were challenged by the Native Americans already living in those lands. What options did the government see for the future of native tribes in the West?
CORRECT -they would be killed -They would be forced onto lands farther to the West. -Their assimilation into American society was a long-term possibility. INCORRECT -They were unfit to ever become American citizens.
#16 The Free Soil Party wanted to stop the expansion of slavery into the West. Identify the reasons people supported the Free Soil Party platform.
CORRECT -Northerners saw moving West as a form of economic betterment, so if the Free Soil Party blocked slavery's expansion, ordinary Americans wouldn't have to compete with plantations to have access to the land. -The Free Soil platform appealed to racist thinking in the North as it did not include emancipation or equal rights. -The Free Soil Party would create more free states, which would break southern domination of the federal government. INCORRECT -The Free Soil Party expanded its platform to include immediate emancipation and black equality in 1848.
#13 Identify the statements that describe the Second Great Awakening and its impact.
CORRECT -Preachers stressed that individuals were "free agents" able to make their own choices, and stressed industry, sobriety, and self-discipline. -Alarmed by low church attendance, religious leaders organized religious revivals where they preached, warning of hell and promising salvation to converts. -It was massively popular and thus it democratized American Christianity. INCORRECT -As a result, many individuals were left feeling defeated by the preachers' messages and helpless to change the direction of their predetermined fate.
#4 The Republican Party of the 1850s stood for "free labor" and "free soil." Which of the following statements describe the Republican stance on slavery and labor?
CORRECT -Republicans were not abolitionists; they focused on preventing the spread of slavery, not attacking it where it already existed. -Republicans acknowledged that it was difficult for some white northern laborers to improve their lives and promised to help create more opportunities for them. INCORRECT -Republicans believed that all white men—including immigrants—should have the same opportunities to improve their lives. -Republicans were staunch abolitionists that believed slavery needed to be abolished as quickly as possible.
#1 Then, complete the following statement. In settler societies such as the United States and ______Australia_______, white settlers coveted indigenous _______land_______, resulting in the _______destruction__________ of the indigenous population.
Australia, land, destruction
#8 The 1920s were a time of great economic change in the United States. Identify the professions that were in decline even before the 1929 stock market crash.
CORRECT -farming -manufacturing INCORRECT -filmmaking -aviation
#13 Which of the following statements describe socialism in the United States during the Progressive era?
CORRECT -An ultimate goal of the Socialist Party was public ownership of railroads and factories, which would lead to democratic control of the economy. -The Socialist Party became a strong political force by mobilizing unions. -The Socialist Party demanded improvements to labor conditions. INCORRECT -Socialism took root exclusively in large cities.
#3 Identify the contributions of John Deere and Cyrus McCormick to the expansion of the market economy in the United States.
They both invented equipment that increased farm production
#21 The election of 1800 caused confusion for Americans when the House of Representatives was tasked with choosing between Thomas Jefferson and his vice-presidential running mate due to a tie. Identify the action taken by Congress in order to avoid this problem in the future.
They passed the 12th amendment, requiring separate electors to cast separate votes for President and Vice President
#16 The Wagner Act enlisted efforts to break up unions in favor of employers.
false
#19 The Great Recession was given its name because a recession is a brief contraction in an economy that quickly resolves. This Great Recession was significant, but notable for how quickly the economy rebounded into an historic economic expansion.
false
#5 Read and analyze the "Voices of Freedom" primary source document from the chapter titled "Women and Economics" (1898) by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Charlotte Perkins Gilman argued that in order for a woman to achieve _______freedom_______ , she needed to possess ______economic________ independence, which, when obtained, would improve women's individual lives, but also their roles as _______mothers and wives_________
freedom, economic, mothers and wives
#1 Review the following video with author Eric Foner titled "Progressivism in the West." Afterward, complete the following statement. The "Oregon Plan" was an effort to restore _______grassroots democracy_________ , which included the _______voter's________ ability to initiate legislation and a referendum where legislation could be voted on by _______popular vote________.
grassroots democracy, voter's, popular vote
