HIST 2620 Chapter 23
What types of jobs did most Mexican Americans hold during World War II?
Farms and factories
What was the Manhattan Project, launched by the United States government during World War II?
A secret project to develop an atomic bomb
How did population shifts during World War II exacerbate racial tension?
African Americans migrated to many places where few blacks had lived.
What prompted the "Double-V" campaign during World War II?
African Americans' frustration with continuing discrimination
What region or regions benefited the most from government spending during World War II?
All areas of the country
Why was Roosevelt initially reluctant to assist France and Britain against Germany and Italy?
American public opinion and legal constraints
How did World War I reinforce sentiment in America against collective security agreements?
Americans believed that an international conspiracy of bankers and munitions makers had pushed the United States into the war
What was the significance of the ethnic diversity of the American military during World War II?
Americans from other ethnic backgrounds and regions interacted
What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact?
An international agreement that outlawed war for territorial expansion after World War I
Who founded the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)?
An interracial group of civil rights' activists
What was the United States' response to heightened Japanese attacks on China in 1937?
Began supplying the chinese with arms
How did World War II impact Mexican Americans and African Americans similarly?
Both groups became more conscious of civil rights.
What impact did World War II have on marriage and birth rates?
Both increased dramatically during the war.
What was the difference between Great Britain and the United States' treatment of young, married women with children?
Britain provided child care programs while the United States largely did not.
What was the difference between the Soviet and British ideas about how to attack Germany immediately after the United States declared war on Germany?
Britain wanted to fight in North Africa and southern Europe while the Soviet Union wanted Britain and the United States to establish a second European front.
How did the federal government fund military production during World War II?
By borrowing and increasing income tax rates
How did Adolf Hitler attract support from the German people for wars of conquest?
By playing on their frustration over defeat in World War I and their current situation.
Who were the "latchkey kids" during World War II?
Children home alone after school
What was the impact of the war on federal employment?
Federal employment increased dramatically.
What countries initially fought against Germany in World War II immediately after Germany invaded Poland?
France and Great Britain
What did the entry of Allied troops into German concentration camps at the end of World War II reveal?
Germany's calculated slaughter of targeted groups
How did the political rights of African Americans evolve during World War II?
Got better
Why did Stalin sign a non-aggression pact with Germany in 1939?
He believed it would benefit the Soviet Union by strengthening its western borders.
What threat did Roosevelt think Germany posed to the United States?
He believed they threatened American economic and political interests abroad.
Why was Roosevelt reluctant to immediately establish a second European front after the United States entered World War II?
He feared losing public support if casualties mounted.
What was the significance of A. Philip Randolph's planned march on Washington in 1941?
He hoped to rally African Americans to protest racial discrimination.
How did President Franklin Roosevelt respond to the Japanese invasion of Indochina in 1940?
He limited Japanese access to military supplies through trade restrictions.
What was Roosevelt's stance toward entering World War II when he campaigned for a third term for presidency in 1940?
He promised that the United States would not declare war on Germany.
How did President Roosevelt respond to the outbreak of war in Europe?
He reaffirmed Americans' commitment to neutrality.
What accounts for Truman's decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japan?
He reasoned it would save American lives and would exact revenge for Japanese actions.
How did Roosevelt respond to calls from civil rights leaders to desegregate the military?
He refused to desegregate the military.
What is the author's view of the internment situation?
He thinks that the internment violates the rights of Japanese Americans.
Why did the 1943 decision of Britain and the United States not to invade France until the following year anger Stalin?
He thought the United States and Britain hoped to weaken his nation through the delay.
Why did Supreme Court Justice Black deem internment constitutional?
He was heeding the advice of the military, which should not be ignored in wartime.
How did President Roosevelt react to A. Philip Randolph's planned 100,000-person march on Washington?
He worked out a compromise to satisfy the protesters without having a march.
Why did the causalities suffered at Iwo Jima and Okinawa during World War II concern American officials?
Heavy casualties on both sides suggested an invasion of Japan would be extremely costly.
Why was World War II able to end the Great Depression?
Increased federal employment and spending
What was the significance of the Lend-Lease Act of 1941?
It drew the United States into an undeclared naval war with Germany.
How did the War Production Board change the long-term relationship between the federal government and industrial firms
It produced a government-business alliance.
What was the significance of the zoot suit riot in 1943?
It revealed white Americans' hostility toward Mexican Americans
What was the overall impact of World War II on family life in the United States?
It was very disruptive.
What group of women remained largely excluded from working during World War II?
Married women with young children
How was American morale during World War II?
Morale remained very high relative to the prewar period.
How did most Americans respond to the Office of War Information's attempts to bolster support for the war effort through voluntary conservation efforts?
Most Americans strongly supported the war effort and joined in the voluntary efforts willingly.
How did American Indians respond to World War II?
Native Americans served in all branches of the American armed forces
What was the significance of the Atlantic Charter of 1941?
President Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill laid the groundwork for the establishment of the United Nations after the war.
How did the war impact prices for American consumers?
Prices in the United States increased for consumers.
How did Hollywood respond to the war?
Produced films celebrating heroism of American and Allied soldiers
What explains the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II?
Racism toward the Japanese among government officials
What was the impact of World War II on the American economy?
Restored prosperity
What was the response of the Roosevelt administration to reports of the Holocaust prior to the end of World War II?
Roosevelt did nothing to try to either attack the camps or to help European Jews.
What was the significance of the figure of "Rosie the Riveter" during World War II?
She served as a recruiting tool for women into war industries.
What accounted for the difference in GDP between the United States and the other Great Powers?
Since no fighting occurred on U.S. soil, American industry provided supplies for war-torn nations.
What describes the commitment of the United States to international affairs during the 1920s and 1930s?
Some engagement but refusal to enter into collective security agreements
What accounts for the reduced repression of civil liberties during World War II compared to World War I?
Stronger public support for the war
Why did the United States drop two atomic bombs on Japanese cities toward the end of World War II?
The Japanese did not surrender after the first attack.
What was the experience of internment like for Japanese Americans during World War II?
The Japanese suffered economically as well as from the injustice.
What country or countries assisted the democratically elected Spanish republic during the Spanish Civil War?
The Soviet Union
What was the status of the relationship between Germany and the United States during the early hostilities in Europe?
The United States extended military activity in the Atlantic, often coming into conflict with the German military.
What was the strategy of the United States in the Pacific theater during World War II?
The United States strategy focused on having General Douglas MacArthur attack from the land while the United States navy attacked by sea.
What events made it more difficult for the United States to maintain neutrality during the 1930s?
The aggressive actions of Germany and Italy
What accounts for the massive migration of Americans during World War II?
The availability of jobs in defense industries and installations
Why did President Franklin Roosevelt finally ask Congress to declare war on Japan after the bombing of Pearl Harbor?
The bombing changed American public opinion.
What event finally led the United States to enter World War II?
The bombing of Pearl Harbor
What events changed the attitudes of Americans toward entering World War II?
The defeat of France and the Battle of Britain
Which of the following strategies does the map illustrate?
The strategy of forcing Germany to fight a two-front war
What does the map illustrate about the Pacific theater of war?
The war dragged on because the Japanese had control over much of the land in and around the Pacific.
How did Britain and France respond to German territorial expansion in the 1903's?
They appeased Hitler by either ignoring or signing treaties recognizing German control of new territory
What was the experience of African Americans who served in the American military during World War II?
They experienced segregation and discrimination.
How did unions increasingly respond to the disparity between workers' wages and corporate profits during World War II?
They increasingly went on strike until 1943.
What was the experience of women who worked during World War II?
They were discriminated against in pay and advancement opportunities.
Why were American leaders opposed to joining the League of Nations and World Court?
They were wary of institutions that might require military cooperation.
What did the Allied powers decide about administering postwar Germany at the Yalta Conference?
They would divide Germany and Berlin into four zones, each overseen by one of the four major allies.
Which of the following statements describes the role of women in the armed forces?
Though barred from serving in combat, significant numbers of women joined the military to serve in noncombat roles.
Why did General Eisenhower decide to stop at the Elbe River after the Battle of the Bulge in 1945?
To ease tensions with the Soviet Union
What was the role of the Office of War Information during World War II?
To encourage patriotism and support for the war effort
What was the strategy of the War Production Board established by Franklin Roosevelt during World War II?
To entice businesses to meet government orders
What was the purpose of the Neutrality Acts passed by Congress in the mid-1930s?
To make it more difficult for the United States to become involved in a war
What was the goal of the America First Committee during the early 1940s?
To prevent the involvement of the United States in World War II
Why did President Franklin Roosevelt replace Henry Wallace as his running mate with Harry Truman in 1944?
To run with someone more acceptable to southern democracts
Which country shouldered the burden of the fighting in the Pacific for the Allied powers?
US
How well did the American military during World War II reflect the diversity of the American people?
Very thoroughly, as it included men and women of all races, classes, and sexual orientations
Women in which age group were most likely to enter the workforce?
Women over the age of 35
What did President Franklin Roosevelt do to placate Stalin's anger about the delay in Britain and the United States launching an invasion of France?
offered the soviets unlimited access to lend lease supplies
