HIST 4- Chapter 5

Trace the path to revolution from the Townshend Acts of 1767 to the meeting of the First Continental Congress: What was the Restraining Act and the Townshend Acts, and who made it?

- Charles Townshend created the Restraining Act, which suspended the New York Assembly for failing to comply with the Quartering Act - Townshend steered more taxes through the Parliament, known as the Townshend Acts. They instituted duties on glass, lead for paint, tea, paper, etc.

Explain how the American Revolution began and describe the first battles of the conflict: What did colonists do to prepare for the rebellion? What did a royal governor do in response?

- Colonists drove the British officials out. MA colonists stockpiled guns outside of Boston and developed a Provincial Congress, which became the assumed rule of colonial government outside of congress. - 3000 colonists went to Cambridge, MA to force 2 crown-appointed counsel members to reign. The royal governor ordered 20,000 troops for parliament for protection.

Trace the path to revolution from the Townshend Acts of 1767 to the meeting of the First Continental Congress: What was the colonist's response to Townshend? What large event did it lead to?

- Boycotts spread in every colony, like woman not wearing silk and satin and not serving tea and wine. - There was rioting as well. A letter created by the MA legislature was send rejecting the Townshend Acts and it urged merchants to join the boycott. This caused British soldiers to be sent over to restore order. There was a constant military presence. - Out of anger, colonists began throwing things at the soldiers, and when someone yelled "fire!", the soldiers shot and killed 5 colonists and injured 6. This was called the Boston Massacre.

Explain how the American Revolution began and describe the first battles of the conflict: What was the battle of Lexington and Concord?

- British soldiers were ordered to capture colonial military supplies in Concord. A colonist militia assembled in Lexington to halt the British before they got to Concord. The British was too strong, so the colonists fell back, but someone fired causing the British to start firing. 18 colonists were killed and only one British soldier got hurt. This was the "Shot heard round' the world". - The British were met by armed militia at Concord and had to alter their route back to Boston. The whole way back they were attacked by military groups. Way more British soldiers died than colonists. This was the first time colonists killed British soldiers.

Trace the path to revolution from the Townshend Acts of 1767 to the meeting of the First Continental Congress: What did colonists do to boycott the Tea Act? What did Parliament do in response?

- Colonists would make England's tea ships turn back around whenever they arrived. Governor Hutchinson one time told them that it could be turned around, but only if they paid the taxes for it. In response they dumped all 342 chests of tea in the water. - In response, Parliament made the Coercive Acts. It consisted of four parts. 1) Boston port act that closed Boston's Harbor until the town paid for the tea 2) Massachusetts Government Act, which terminated most self-government in the colony 3) Administration of Justice act that said any British Official charged with a capital offense would be tried in Great Britain 4) The Quartering Act allowed British army to house troops wherever necessary

Explain how the colonists responded to the new acts and trace the evolutionary process that brought the colonies closer to rebellion: Describe the rioting and the written protests.

- Groups were formed called the Sons of Liberty that organized protests/riots and mobs. They burned homes of stamp officials and would hang effigies of tax collectors or cover them in tar and feathers. - There were people called Radical Whigs that sent written protests to Parliament and circled political pamphlets to articulate the ideas of liberty. They said Parliament had no right to tax colonists because there was no representative for them. "No taxation without representation"

Explain Britain's main reasons for attempting to overturn salutary neglect: What three things did the Parliament of 1763 do?

- Placed a moratorium on government sale of western lands - It put trade with Indians under Royal control - It forbade settlement west of the Proclamation line, which followed the Appalachians.

Explain Britain's main reasons for attempting to overturn salutary neglect: What is salutary neglect? Why did Britain not like it?

- Salutary neglect is avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws meant to keep British colonies obedient to England. - Britain was mad because colonists paid few taxes, while meanwhile Britain was being taxed heavily after the French and Indian war. They felt that the colonists should have to help out with taxes since Britain helped them during the war.

Trace the path to revolution from the Townshend Acts of 1767 to the meeting of the First Continental Congress: What was Parliament's response to the Boston Massacre? What were the colonists like afterwards?

- The Parliament removed all of the Townshend Acts except for the tax on tea. They did this to show they still have power. Colonists were fine with this. - Colonists burned an English ship named the Gaspee. The Committee of Correspondence was made to inform other MA towns of grievances, and it became a way to quickly give information between colonists. Places like Boston and NY supported the crown while merchants and rural areas did not.

Explain how the American Revolution began and describe the first battles of the conflict: What did the Second Continental Congress decided to do in response to the L&C battle? What was the Battle of Bunker Hill?

- The Second Continental Congress then met to discuss what they would do. They decided that militarily companies surrounding Boston would be the new "Continental Army", with its general being George Washington. They also made a sharp rejection of all authority under the King in America. - The Battle of Bunker Hill was the first all-out battle of the Revolutionary War. British troops won, but they took heavy casualties.

Explain how the colonists responded to the new acts and trace the evolutionary process that brought the colonies closer to rebellion: What was the Stamp Act Congress? Also, describe the boycotts against the Stamp Act.

- The Stamp Act Congress was a group of nine colony representatives that all met together to discuss the removal of the Stamp Act. It was a great act of defiance and showed how the colonists kept grouping together as one. - There were boycotts, like the "Daughter's of Liberty" boycott where women boycotting cloth and tea and made clothes for people so that they wouldn't have to be imported.

Explain Britain's main reasons for attempting to overturn salutary neglect: What was the Stamp Act, the Sugar Act, and the Quartering Act?

- The Stamp Act mandated the use of stamped paper for all official papers. - The Sugar Act was a cut in taxes on molasses and sugar, but an added tax to indigo, pimento, wine, and coffee. - The Quartering Act required colonies to house British Troops.

Trace the path to revolution from the Townshend Acts of 1767 to the meeting of the First Continental Congress: What was the Tea Act? What were the three provisions of it? Why were colonists upset?

- The Tea Act was made, and it was not to anger the colonists but to give the East India Company a monopoly in the sale of tea. - The Tea Act had 3 provisions 1) It lowered the colonist's duty on tea 2) It granted the East India Company the monopoly 3) It appointed royal agents who were to pay a duty on tea based on profits made in the colonies - Colonists were upset anyways for 2 reasons 1) Tea merchants were upset at losing business (could no longer sell tea because of third provision) 2) Colonists saw it as another way for the parliament to flex their powers over the colonists

Explain Britain's main reasons for attempting to overturn salutary neglect: What were the three main goals of Britain that they wanted to get from the Parliament? (rules to get rid of salutary neglect)

- To tighten control by eliminating absenteeism and corruption of royal officials in the colonies, and by limiting smuggling. - To limit the areas where colonists could settle -To raise greater revenue

Trace the path to revolution from the Townshend Acts of 1767 to the meeting of the First Continental Congress: What did the colonists do in response to the Coercive Acts?

Delegates from 12 colonies met in the First Continental Congress at Philadelphia to talk about plans of action. They created the Continental Association which supervised a boycott of British trade. It was prefaced with a Declaration of Rights, like Life, Liberty, and Property.

Explain how the colonists responded to the new acts and trace the evolutionary process that brought the colonies closer to rebellion: How did parliament react to all of the protesting? What was the Declaratory Act?

Parliament rejected the colonist's demand for representation. However, the Stamp Act was repealed because the King withdrew his support for it after being worried that the riots would damage revenue. Parliament wanted to make sure that the colonists new it was not repealed because of them but because of the king, so they made the Declaratory Act. It affirmed its authority to legislate for the colonies.

Explain how the colonists responded to the new acts and trace the evolutionary process that brought the colonies closer to rebellion: Which act of the three was the most hated? Why?

The Stamp Act was the most hated act because: - It effected people in education like merchants and lawyers - They had time to organize because it did not go into effect for 7 months, so they could build the biggest resistance to this - It undermined colonial control over royal officials (Indicated that Parliament was limiting colonists' liberties)