Hist 9,10,11,12

By 1850 Catholics accounted for ________ percent of the U.S. population—the same percentage as Presbyterians. A. 5 B. 8 C. 11 D. 14

B. 8

The national market economy created a society that was more differentiated and specialized. That new condition, in turn, caused A. specialized labor unions that grew most rapidly in the depression of the late 1830s. B. an increased pride in craftsmanship that became more important than just sheer productivity. C. an increasingly unequal distribution of wealth in society, with those at the top controlling a greater share. D. a class of newly rich, most of whom came from lower-class farm-family backgrounds.

C. an increasingly unequal distribution of wealth in society, with those at the top controlling a greater share.

Jefferson's Republican party A. appealed to workers in cities and others tied to the commercial economy. B. sought to overturn the federal system and restore a unitary central government. C. appealed to fears of commerce and urbanization. D. articulated a conceptual framework that understood both the party in power and the loyal opposition as legitimate.

C. appealed to fears of commerce and urbanization.

Which of the following statements concerning equality in Jacksonian America is NOT true? A. Virtually all adult white males could vote and held equal status before the law. B. Because political leaders had to appeal to an expanded electorate, campaigns became less boisterous and more focused on specific policy issues. C. In terms of wealth and access to productive resources, American society was becoming less equal. D. Patterns of democratic dress created both fewer differences in appearance between wealthy and ordinary men and greater distinctions between men and women.

B. Because political leaders had to appeal to an expanded electorate, campaigns became less boisterous and more focused on specific policy issues.

Who supported women's education and argued that women exercised power as moral guardians of the nation's future? A. Harriet Beecher Stowe B. Catharine Beecher C. Lyman Beecher D. Isabella Beecher

B. Catharine Beecher

How did foreign policy issues accelerate the emergence of political parties in the U.S.? A. The French schemed to set up a friendly faction within the U.S. government. B. Divided over whether France represented republicanism or anarchy, the two sides came to suspect the worst intentions of the other and organized parties against each other. C. Pinckney's Treaty so blatantly met the interests of the commercial areas against the interests of the semisubsistence sector that the leaders of agrarian America rallied around the treaty fight and founded a party. D. With both sides violating American neutral rights, the party that exploited American anger and fought for American rights was able to win the election of 1800.

B. Divided over whether France represented republicanism or anarchy, the two sides came to suspect the worst intentions of the other and organized parties against each other.

. In the XYZ Affair, A. England agreed to abandon the forts in the Northwest. B. French officials demanded a bribe to open negotiations with the United States. C. Adams broke with his party and sent a new peace commission to France. D. the United States agreed to end the unofficial naval war with France.

B. French officials demanded a bribe to open negotiations with the United States.

Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement concerning the significance of the Second Great Awakening? A. Evangelical Protestantism became the dominant form of Christianity in America. B. It reinforced the sense of pessimism and guilt that was present in America at the time. C. It emphasized the ability of anyone to attain salvation. D. It reinforced the dominant American belief in equality and democracy.

B. It reinforced the sense of pessimism and guilt that was present in America at the time.

The chapter introduction tells the story of politicians Powhatan Ellis and Franklin Plummer to make the point that A. people had strange names in the 1800s. B. these two men, frontiersmen who identified with the common folk, typified the democratic-minded politician in the age of Jackson. C. appealing to common folk was an effective campaign technique in an age that prized equality and opportunity. D. Andrew Jackson was more a figurehead than a really influential leader.

C. appealing to common folk was an effective campaign technique in an age that prized equality and opportunity.

As war broke out in Europe, the Washington administration A. used the war to foster closer economic ties with Britain. B. honored the Treaty of 1778 by supporting France. C. asserted the right to steer a path of neutrality. D. placed an embargo on all goods to Europe.

C. asserted the right to steer a path of neutrality.

Which of the following was NOT part of the new political party system of democracy? A. the use of nominating conventions B. the spoils system C. campaigning in which the key issues were center stage D. assignment of all a state's electoral votes to the presidential candidate who won that state

C. campaigning in which the key issues were center stage

Romanticism A. came from Europe as part of the Enlightenment. B. was incompatible with the doctrines of the revivals. C. considered emotion as the source of truth. D. was a uniquely American cultural movement.

C. considered emotion as the source of truth.

Although the Federalists did not want to see Ohio settled, they did allow the sale of federal land. How did they seek to minimize settlement in this area? A. high prices and a minimum required purchase of 320 acres B. high prices and a minimum required purchase of 420 acres C. high prices and a minimum required purchase of 640 acres D. high prices and a minimum required purchase of 1,280 acres

C. high prices and a minimum required purchase of 640 acres

During the Jacksonian era, free blacks in the North A. could not vote in any state. B. escaped outright segregation despite some restrictions. C. increasingly emphasized racial unity, self-help, and a renewal of ties with Africa. D. found jobs most readily in the popular minstrel shows.

C. increasingly emphasized racial unity, self-help, and a renewal of ties with Africa.

The Louisiana Purchase was significant for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT that A. Jefferson's constitutional scruples caused him to hesitate to act in the Republic's best interests. B. it illustrated Jefferson's enthusiastic interest in the West. C. it illustrated America's continued ties to world power politics. D. it secured western access to the sea.

C. it illustrated America's continued ties to world power politics.

As president, John Quincy Adams A. took the lead in organizing a new political party to undergird his reelection campaign. B. named Andrew Jackson as his secretary of state. C. negotiated a series of key diplomatic agreements with several foreign powers. D. proposed a broad program of support for manufacturing, agriculture, and the arts.

C. negotiated a series of key diplomatic agreements with several foreign powers.

The chapter introduction tells the story of clockmaker Chauncey Jerome to make the point that A. clocks both made possible and symbolized the organized routines of an industrialized society. B. Jerome's rise and fall were made possible by the opportunities offered in an expanding market economy that bound Americans together through ever more complex and specialized ways. C. the intricate but comprehensible mechanism of a clock was to become the favorite metaphor for an age that believed human reason could discern the workings of natural law and apply those discoveries to improving the material conditions of life. D. Jerome exemplifies the exploited urban laborer who becomes a helpless victim of the forces of rapid and relentless industrialization.

B. Jerome's rise and fall were made possible by the opportunities offered in an expanding market economy that bound Americans together through ever more complex and specialized ways.

. The individual most responsible for creating the notion of "judicial review" was A. Thomas Jefferson. B. John Marshall. C. James Madison. D. James Marbury.

B. John Marshall.

Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement about Mormonism? A. Like the liberal theology of Finney, Mormonism placed little emphasis on predestination and proclaimed that salvation was available to all. B. Mormons believed in a strict separation of church and state. C. Mormon culture upheld middle-class values such as hard work, thrift, and self-control. D. Mormons taught that Christ would return to rule the earth.

B. Mormons believed in a strict separation of church and state.

. In the semisubsistence economy that existed in the American backcountry, money was seldom seen and was used primarily to A. pay taxes. B. purchase imported goods. C. pay taxes and purchase imported goods. D. None of these answers is correct.

C. pay taxes and purchase imported goods.

Which of the following does NOT accurately state a principle that Jefferson espoused? A. People may be trusted to make political choices based on correct principles. B. Radical change is periodically necessary to make sure that equality and democracy continue to be extended to all men and women of all races and faiths. C. Human reason is the powerful tool that will unlock the secrets of nature and improve human society. D. The life of the independent farmer in a free market is an economically preferable and morally superior social condition.

B. Radical change is periodically necessary to make sure that equality and democracy continue to be extended to all men and women of all races and faiths.

Why was the loose network of antislavery sympathizers who conveyed runaway slaves north to freedom known as the Underground Railroad? A. The route was primarily by subway in the major eastern cities. B. Runaway slaves were directed by conductors from one "station" to the next. C. Slaves traveled in secret compartments in Pullman sleeping cars, whose only access was from below the car. D. Many of the segments north were through secret tunnels constructed to bypass major roads.

B. Runaway slaves were directed by conductors from one "station" to the next.

Which of the following statements best describes the attitude of Jacksonian Democrats toward slavery and blacks? A. They strongly supported slavery as a positive good for all parts of the country. B. They accepted the institution of slavery in the South and opposed rights for free blacks in the North. C. They quietly encouraged the minority among their ranks who worked for the abolition of slavery. D. They took steps at the state level to improve the condition of blacks, but did not try to abolish slavery.

B. They accepted the institution of slavery in the South and opposed rights for free blacks in the North.

. Which president was the first to be inaugurated in Washington, D.C? A. John Adams B. Thomas Jefferson C. James Madison D. James Monroe

B. Thomas Jefferson

What larger social pattern helps explain the clashes between whites and Indians on the Ohio frontier and, more specifically, their resort to both religious renewal movements and abusive consumption of increased quantities of alcohol? A. Neither tribal villages nor backcountry villages felt any cultural or economic need for the other. B. Traditional cultural systems were breaking down, creating great cultural stress. C. Birth rates in both groups were rising sharply, imposing great pressures on the land. D. Both groups had abandoned their religious roots and rejected calls to return to traditional beliefs.

B. Traditional cultural systems were breaking down, creating great cultural stress.

The key component needed for the United States to have a truly national market economy was A. greater capital investment. B. an efficient transportation system. C. steam power. D. a modern communications system including four-season postal roads and the telegraph.

B. an efficient transportation system.

. Jackson finally destroyed the national bank by A. precipitating a depression in 1833. B. withdrawing federal funds from it. C. refusing to continue to deposit federal funds in it, and depositing them in selected state banks instead. D. refusing to accept paper money.

C. refusing to continue to deposit federal funds in it, and depositing them in selected state banks instead.

Why was American life marked by anxiety in the midst of early nineteenth-century prosperity? A. because foreign movements seemed to repeatedly threaten national security B. because cyclical depressions made that prosperity seem fleeting C. because corrupt politicians could infringe on a person's liberties at any time D. because the nagging issue of slavery threatened to cause a permanent rift in the culture

B. because cyclical depressions made that prosperity seem fleeting

. The influential leaders of the younger Republicans, known as the "War Hawks," A. came mostly from New England shipping states. B. came mostly from the frontier areas and were aggressively nationalistic. C. militantly opposed any federal economic development program. D. militantly opposed further territorial expansion.

B. came mostly from the frontier areas and were aggressively nationalistic.

The Erie Canal A. was made financially feasible by the development of the steamboat. B. connected the Hudson and Ohio rivers. C. never repaid the original public investment, but stimulated migration and economic growth. D. stimulated construction of other canals by other cities and states.

B. connected the Hudson and Ohio rivers.

In dealing with French insults and violations of American rights, President John Adams A. conducted an undeclared naval war on the high seas. B. resisted calls for war. C. resisted calls for war, but conducted an unofficial naval war on the high seas. D. None of these answers is correct.

C. resisted calls for war, but conducted an unofficial naval war on the high seas.

Three major issues dominated Jackson's administration, all the result of the nation's rapid geographic and economic expansion. Which of the following is NOT one of these three issues? A. Indian removal to the West B. controls on both slave and free black communities C. the protective tariff D. money and banking issues

B. controls on both slave and free black communities

Public interest and involvement in politics grew in the U.S. after 1820 because of a growing A. public support for equality of condition among all members of society. B. conviction that government should promote the economic well-being of society. C. disillusionment with the politics of personality. D. fear of threats from abroad.

B. conviction that government should promote the economic well-being of society.

The revivals spearheaded by Charles Finney during the Second Great Awakening upheld the doctrine that A. men and women were predestined to salvation or damnation. B. deliverance was available to all who were converted. C. women should be religious leaders. D. religion was a way to become wealthy.

B. deliverance was available to all who were converted.

What was the most basic reason so many Americans moved so much, especially to the new western lands? A. greater political freedom B. improved economic opportunity C. more comfortable social relationships D. a sense of providential destiny

B. improved economic opportunity

Robert Owen recruited followers for his program to reform society by teaching that A. human character was shaped by skull shape and size. B. only a privileged few could be made perfect. C. shared property and equality of work division would foster tolerant people. D. individual self-reliance held the key to social progress.

C. shared property and equality of work division would foster tolerant people.

Jefferson's initial program sought to A. counter British and Spanish threats to national security. B. establish control over the judiciary. C. slash federal spending and the national debt. D. repeal Hamilton's bank and tariff acts.

C. slash federal spending and the national debt.

Tenskwatawa (the Prophet) ________, while his brother Tecumseh ________. A. allied with Great Britain during the War of 1812; tried unsuccessfully to follow the path of assimilation B. led a religious revival among western tribes; led a military alliance among western tribes C. encouraged his fellow Indians to adapt carefully and selectively to what whites had to offer; rejected all contact with whites and sought a return to traditional ways D. had his greatest following among tribes of the upper Midwest; won widespread support among the southern tribes

B. led a religious revival among western tribes; led a military alliance among western tribes

The steamboat was first introduced ________ but had its greatest impact ________. A. from Europe; when Americans invented improvements B. on the Hudson River; on western rivers C. as a low-cost, democratic innovation; on the wealthy classes, who could continue to enjoy its amenities even after fares skyrocketed D. with exaggerated

B. on the Hudson River; on western rivers

Indian economies with which new Americans came into contact were primarily based on A. hunting and gathering. B. semisubsistence agriculture like that of whites. C. trade with distant Indian tribes. D. None of these answers is correct.

B. semisubsistence agriculture like that of whites.

In the wake of the national market economy, which of the following became characteristic of Americans? A. moving away from materialism B. the hunger for respect and recognition through money-making ability C. a belief that history was the story of inevitable social disintegration D. a general preoccupation with economic theory and business systems

B. the hunger for respect and recognition through money-making ability

The chapter introduction tells the story of the controversial whiskey tax of 1791 to make the point that A. most Americans at this time did not think that the new government under the Constitution would last. B. there were underlying uncertainties about whether the new government could really unite such a diverse people. C. such displays of violence were the most acceptable manner of influencing public opinion in the new country. D. Federalists supported the Constitution, but Republicans opposed it.

B. there were underlying uncertainties about whether the new government could really unite such a diverse people.

. The Monroe Doctrine A. proclaimed that the U.S. would be a continental nation. B. warned Europe not to interfere in the Americas. C. guaranteed the independence of Spain's former colonies. D. laid claims to the Oregon Country.

B. warned Europe not to interfere in the Americas.

Washington's farewell address A. warned against the dangers of a powerful military. B. warned against the dangers of parties and called for a restoration of unity in the national political system. C. supported the political ideology of Jefferson and Madison. D. called on Americans to assume responsibility for active world leadership.

B. warned against the dangers of parties and called for a restoration of unity in the national political system.

Which of the following groups played a rather surprising role in the Whig campaign in 1840? A. free blacks B. women C. Indians D. None of these answers is correct.

B. women

The second wave of settlers into frontier areas were typically A. backwoods families. B. young easterners who married and started families. C. semisubsistence independent landowners. D. squatters who engaged in commercial agriculture.

B. young easterners who married and started families.

For their workforce, the factories at Lowell before 1845 depended upon A. children. B. young women. C. displaced farmers. D. migrants.

B. young women.

Daniel Webster refuted Calhoun's theory of American government by arguing that A. the Homestead Act was indeed unconstitutional. B. southerners should support western expansion due to New England's growing political power. C. the Constitution was created by "the people" and not as a compact among the separate states. D. Jackson's economic policies were at fault.

C. the Constitution was created by "the people" and not as a compact among the separate states.

. In the presidential election of 1824, A. John Quincy Adams won re-election to a second term. B. the Whigs defeated the Democrats. C. the House of Representatives chose the president, because no candidate received a majority of the popular vote. D. Andrew Jackson was chosen by the House of Representatives.

C. the House of Representatives chose the president, because no candidate received a majority of the popular vote.

While the democratic winds of change blew all over the world during the 1830s and 1840s, only in one country were the reforms significant. This country was A. Great Britain. B. Prussia. C. the United States. D. France.

C. the United States.

The temperance movement was predominantly led by what group? A. the Anti-Alcohol League B. women C. the clergy D. politicians

C. the clergy

Seneca Falls, New York, was the site of A. George Ripley's Brook Farm. B. Charles Grandison Finney's greatest revival. C. the first major women's rights convention. D. Lane Seminary.

C. the first major women's rights convention.

What event sounded the death knell of the Federalist party? A. the election of James Monroe to the presidency B. the Hartford Convention C. the new nationalism Americans felt D. the return of peace after the war of 1812

C. the new nationalism Americans felt

. In the years before the Civil War, what single enterprise employed more workers than any other enterprise in the country? A. Fulton's steamboat company B. Lowell Mills C. the postal system D. the Erie Canal Company

C. the postal system

. John Marshall's Supreme Court decisions sought to promote American enterprise by all of the following methods EXCEPT A. upholding private contracts. B. blocking state interference with private property. C. turning Indian lands over to white developers. D. creating a climate of business confidence.

C. turning Indian lands over to white developers.

Evangelical black churches grew in the North even as they were being suppressed in the South after 1820. The most important of the new black independent churches was the A. African Catholic Church of America. B. American Baptist Church for Blacks. C. African Methodist Episcopal Church. D. African-American Baptist Church.

C. African Methodist Episcopal Church.

Which of the following statements concerning the Bank of the United States is true? A. It was the critical issue in the 1824 election that threw the election into the House of Representatives. B. In the 1820s and 1830s it was mismanaged, unresponsive to the nation's needs, and unsuccessful in stabilizing the currency. C. Andrew Jackson hated it because he thought it was an agent of special privilege and he vetoed the bill to recharter it. D. The Supreme Court ruled the bank unconstitutional.

C. Andrew Jackson hated it because he thought it was an agent of special privilege and he vetoed the bill to recharter it.

Of the following statements, which is the most accurate in explaining why the Panic of 1819 was so significant? A. The nation had never before experienced economic hard times. B. In reaction, land sales rose to speculative heights. C. As the first major American depression, it affected city folk and rural Americans alike. D. It prompted a frenzy of canal building.

C. As the first major American depression, it affected city folk and rural Americans alike.

. Which of the following was NOT characteristic of the economic changes that swept most of America in the early nineteenth century? A. Economic activity was becoming more specialized. B. The social structure became more stratified. C. Factory life necessitated a more regimented schedule. D. Subsistence agriculture was on the rise.

C. Factory life necessitated a more regimented schedule.

Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement concerning population trends from 1790 to 1820? A. Population continued to grow rapidly. B. Natural increase accounted for virtually all of the country's population growth. C. Immigration accounted for most of the population increase. D. Western lands absorbed most of the population increase.

C. Immigration accounted for most of the population increase.

Which of the following leaders advocated the idea of state nullification in order to oppose the tariff? A. Andrew Jackson B. Daniel Webster C. John C. Calhoun D. Henry Clay

C. John C. Calhoun

Craftworkers such as carpenters, printers, and tailors formed unions, and in 1834 individual unions came together in the A. American Federation of Labor. B. Allied Craftworkers Union. C. National Trades' Union. D. Congress of Industrial Organizations.

C. National Trades' Union.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the presidential election of 1840? A. The incumbent won. B. The Democratic candidate won. C. The election demonstrated that a strong, democratic, and popular two-party system was firmly established. D. The election was decided again in the House of Representatives.

C. The election demonstrated that a strong, democratic, and popular two-party system was firmly established.

After organizing the government, the First Congress turned its attention to Alexander Hamilton's economic proposals and enacted all of them EXCEPT A. a tariff. B. a national bank. C. a provision that the judiciary should decide the constitutionality of regulating the economy. D. a procedure whereby the national government could pay off both its own debt and the combined debt of the states.

C. a provision that the judiciary should decide the constitutionality of regulating the economy.

Which of the following is an indication that the development of the modern presidency began with Andrew Jackson? A. He was the first president to effectively use the veto power to shape legislative policy to his liking. B. He created the offices of secretary of state and secretary of war. C. He used his office to shape the country's economic direction. D. He doubled the size of the federal bureaucracy.

A. He was the first president to effectively use the veto power to shape legislative policy to his liking.

Which of the following was NOT a charge raised by opponents to Hamilton's program? A. It violated the idea of a broad or loose construction of the Constitution. B. It clashed with the interests and values of the agrarian, semisubsistence regions. C. It threatened to lead to English-style monarchism and corruption. D. It threatened to create a class of moneyed aristocracy.

A. It violated the idea of a broad or loose construction of the Constitution.

During the war of 1812, a three-pronged invasion was sent against Canada. All of the following were starting points for the invasion EXCEPT A. Lake Erie. B. Detroit. C. Niagara. D. Lake Champlain.

A. Lake Erie.

. The "Second Great Awakening" refers to A. the Renaissance in America. B. an intellectual movement similar to the Enlightenment. C. a revivalist religious movement at the beginning of the 1800s. D. a new technology that made the Industrial Revolution possible.

C. a revivalist religious movement at the beginning of the 1800s.

Which of the following was NOT a reason that women were highly prominent in the revivals? A. Since the husband's domain was the household, women made the church their domain. B. Marriage became more uncertain as it came to be based more on affection. C. The church and its networks offered companionship and support in unpredictable times. D. Involvement in the church gave young women respectability and a sense of purpose.

A. Since the husband's domain was the household, women made the church their domain.

Within only two months of taking office, President Martin Van Buren ran into trouble because of A. a business panic that became a lingering depression. B. a diplomatic crisis with Great Britain that favored the Whigs. C. the problems associated with the Trail of Tears. D. antislavery protests.

A. a business panic that became a lingering depression.

The process, championed by John Ross, whereby the Cherokees created a constitution, adopted white ways, and began selling their surplus crops was known as A. accommodation. B. acculturation. C. acquiescence. D. alliteration.

A. accommodation.

Which of the following did farmers NOT begin to do in their shift toward commercial agriculture? A. barter goods with friends and neighbors B. cultivate more acres of land C. work longer hours D. adopt scientific farming methods

A. barter goods with friends and neighbors

How did political festivals help democratize the conduct of politics? A. by providing prime occasions for the local party leaders to speak B. by educating the electorate C. by building camaraderie through the singing of patriotic songs D. by inviting everyone

A. by providing prime occasions for the local party leaders to speak

During the quarter-century after the War of 1812 ended, the most expansive force in the American economy was A. cotton production. B. land sales. C. textile manufacture. D. canal construction.

A. cotton production.

. Taken as a body of legal doctrine, the rulings of the Marshall Court A. enlarged federal power to an extraordinary degree. B. expanded individual economic rights by limiting government's role in stimulating the economy. C. protected minority groups against the abuse of power by majorities. D. limited the rights of private property by expanding the powers of government.

A. enlarged federal power to an extraordinary degree.

To reconcile the fundamental tension between equality and opportunity, Americans in the final analysis committed to A. equality of opportunity. B. political equality, but economic inequality. C. political means to achieve the end of equal economic conditions. D. equality of condition for native-born whites by denying opportunity to blacks, Indians, and immigrants.

A. equality of opportunity.

A post-War of 1812 program of economic centralization, designed to promote internal economic development, was pushed by a group of aggressive young Republican nationalists. Which of the following did this program NOT include? A. funding the war debt B. a protective tariff C. a national bank D. federal subsidies for public works projects

A. funding the war debt

The ideal of domesticity A. held that women's sphere was the home and family. B. was opposed by the revivalists. C. held that the government should ignore foreign policy and focus on internal development. D. stressed the father's spiritual leadership in the home.

A. held that women's sphere was the home and family.

According to the doctrine established in the landmark Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison, the A. high court could rule on the constitutionality of federal laws. B. high court could compel public officials to perform their duties. C. executive branch must defer to the rulings of the legislative branch. D. judicial branch should defer to the wishes of the legislative branch.

A. high court could rule on the constitutionality of federal laws.

Which of the following would you NOT expect of the Whigs in the 1830s and 1840s? A. refusal to use electioneering techniques perfected by Jacksons's supporters B. support for humanitarian reforms C. support for regulating the new market economy D. a belief that government should foster moral welfare

A. refusal to use electioneering techniques perfected by Jacksons's supporters

What was key to making the Merrimack valley the nation's greatest industrial center in the first half of the nineteenth century? A. regulating the river's waters B. the Lawrence dam C. New Hampshire lakes D. Lowell's seven canals

A. regulating the river's waters

. Which of the following divisions between Americans helps explain how they felt about the Constitution and what party they were more likely to identify with? A. semisubsistence farmers, and those tied to a commercial economy B. mainstream religious groups, and those professing dissenting faiths C. northern and southern states and territories D. eastern states and western territories

A. semisubsistence farmers, and those tied to a commercial economy

. In its social impact, the national market economy did all of the following EXCEPT A. significantly elevate the status of workers. B. produce greater per capita wealth in American society. C. stimulate materialism. D. reorganize society toward greater specialization.

A. significantly elevate the status of workers.

Which of the following was NOT one of the goals of Alexander Hamilton's financial proposals? A. stimulate the essentially virtuous nature of ordinary citizens, who could take advantage of new economic opportunities B. stimulate commerce and manufacturing through the power and positive actions of the national government C. win the loyalty of the wealthy to the national government D. make the U.S. as a whole independent of European control by strengthening it economically

A. stimulate the essentially virtuous nature of ordinary citizens, who could take advantage of new economic opportunities

The factory system began in which industry? A. textiles B. shoemaking C. firearms D. iron production

A. textiles

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is also known as A. the Mormon Church. B. the Shakers. C. the Unitarian Church. D. the Nephites.

A. the Mormon Church.

In the Jacksonian party system, A. the Whigs supported a very active role for government; the Democrats generally favored a limited government. B. the Democrats supported a more active government, the Whigs a limited government. C. neither party believed moral questions should be injected into politics. D. both parties promoted the market and commercialization equally.

A. the Whigs supported a very active role for government; the Democrats generally favored a limited government.

A chief characteristic of a commercial economy was that it required A. the availability of relatively cheap transportation. B. the dominance of manufacturing over farming. C. inequality in the distribution of wealth. D. more materialistic and acquisitive values.

A. the availability of relatively cheap transportation.

Europeans especially noted what tendency in American life? A. the emphasis on speed that pervaded every aspect of life B. the tendency for native-born Americans to stay east of the Appalachians, while immigrants settled in the new western lands C. how rooted to a particular place Americans tended to be, despite geographic mobility D. how religious and other-worldly Americans tended to be, despite rapid economic growth

A. the emphasis on speed that pervaded every aspect of life

What was the most popular form of entertainment in Jacksonian America? A. the minstrel show B. cockfighting C. camp meetings D. political festivals

A. the minstrel show

The Alien and Sedition Acts were used primarily A. to weaken the Republican party. B. to criticize the president. C. against immigrants and aliens. D. against French-and Spanish-sponsored intrigue.

A. to weaken the Republican party.

The accelerating growth of a national market was due in large measure to the fact that the cost of ________ dropped by 95% between 1825 and 1855. A. transportation on land B. construction C. imported goods D. borrowing money

A. transportation on land

The mountain man of the West A. was, in his own way, as caught up in the national integrated economic network as a farmer. B. illustrated that some Americans lived beyond the reach of the market economy. C. was usually fleeing the routines and materialistic pursuits of a market-driven "civilization." D. functioned as an independent businessman, vulnerable to the market but at least able to be his own boss in an enterprise not yet dominated by large eastern organizations.

A. was, in his own way, as caught up in the national integrated economic network as a farmer.

. Jefferson believed that cities A. were morally inferior to rural living. B. were a necessary evil at best. C. were the key in "the pursuit of happiness." D. promoted equality.

A. were morally inferior to rural living.

The chapter introduction tells the story of Lyman Beecher and his offspring to make the point that A. nineteenth-century preachers often stressed the wickedness of American society. B. while the Beecher family stood for older values and tried to halt the rapid changes in American society, other Americans sought to harness change to bring about a more perfect society. C. zealous evangelical Protestants sought to hasten the coming of Christ's kingdom on earth through diverse strategies for reforming society. D. Transcendentalist Beecher represented the more secular, Romantic side of a quest for an improved society that characterized America in the 1820s and 1830s.

C. zealous evangelical Protestants sought to hasten the coming of Christ's kingdom on earth through diverse strategies for reforming society.

Some secular thinkers shared the Transcendentalists' view that ________ was corrupting American society. A. acquisitiveness B. competition C. inequality D. All these answers are correct.

D. All these answers are correct.

Which of the following contributed to the growth of urban areas in early nineteenth-century America? A. improved transportation B. declining productivity of eastern farms C. arrival of immigrants D. All these answers are correct.

D. All these answers are correct.

Which of these contributed to the emergence of true popular political parties in the U.S.? A. Because of widespread property ownership, the nation had a broad suffrage. B. Politicians had to offer a program attractive to a broad voter public. C. Political parties became the means by which a large electorate made its feelings known. D. All these answers are correct.

D. All these answers are correct.

What conflict in values emerged as America went through its market revolution? A. Most farmers clung to the ideal of a semisubsistence way of life, despite the relentless reach of commercial networks. B. Personal lifestyles prized by northerners, who were more religious, differed from those of southerners, who were more materialistic—a distinction that national market networks made obvious. C. Americans had long enjoyed living in settled and stable communities, but transportation improvements led to much greater geographic mobility. D. Although Americans professed to believe in equality, the national market economy coupled with American materialistic pursuits led to ever greater inequalities in wealth.

D. Although Americans professed to believe in equality, the national market economy coupled with American materialistic pursuits led to ever greater inequalities in wealth.

Who was the person who founded modern revivalism? A. Harriett Stowe B. Lyman Beecher C. George Whitefield D. Charles Grandison Finney

D. Charles Grandison Finney

How did President Andrew Jackson feel about the "spoils system"? A. He refused to use this traditional practice because he thought it was undemocratic. B. He defended all government bureaucracy. C. He created this system, so of course, he used it. D. He defended it as a democratic reform.

D. He defended it as a democratic reform.

What was the essential conviction of William Lloyd Garrison about slavery? A. It was a necessary evil that finally needed to be eliminated. B. It was an economic drain on the emerging commercial economic system. C. It was a contradiction to the ideals embodied in the Constitution. D. It was a sin.

D. It was a sin.

Which of the following statements about the nullification crisis of 1832 is FALSE? A. The issue under discussion was the tariff, but the right of secession was also debated. B. Andrew Jackson determined that the president had the right to use force to preserve the Union. C. The nullification theory, according to Calhoun, gave the South a legal device to justify secession. D. Jackson eventually backed down from the controversy and gave in completely to South Carolina's demands.

D. Jackson eventually backed down from the controversy and gave in completely to South Carolina's demands.

. One of the more important results of the presidential election of 1800 is that it A. convinced both Federalists and Republicans that a two-party system was preferable. B. was won with no opposition candidate. C. brought Washington to office for a third term. D. None of these answers is correct.

D. None of these answers is correct.

At best, Jefferson considered government A. the highest calling a person could aspire to. B. inherently good. C. the domain of the privileged. D. a necessary evil.

D. a necessary evil.

The Hartford Convention (1814) was A. a meeting of New England literary figures. B. a diplomatic agreement concerning Oregon. C. the business conference where the first American insurance company was organized. D. a protest meeting of antiwar New Englanders.

D. a protest meeting of antiwar New Englanders.

With respect to the middle-class family after 1820, all of the following explain the decline in family size in general and in the birth rate in particular EXCEPT A. parents' desire to improve the standard of living of themselves and their children. B. the use of birth control methods. C. delaying marriage until one had the financial means to support a family. D. a view of family more geared to functional usefulness than affection.

D. a view of family more geared to functional usefulness than affection.

Which of the following does NOT accurately complete this statement? The first political parties arose A. despite the fundamental hostility to the idea of parties among political leaders. B. because of opposition to Hamilton's programs. C. in an atmosphere in which each party thought the other was out to subvert the republic. D. after John Adams became president.

D. after John Adams became president.

In the late 1700s, the white American population was doubling nearly every 20 years, primarily because of A. accelerating immigration, increasingly from Ireland. B. the longevity of women. C. the absorption of new peoples as new territories were acquired. D. an extremely high birth rate.

D. an extremely high birth rate.

What kind of vessel did the Barbary States use to plunder the cargo of enemy ships and enslave their crews if tribute was not paid? A. corvair B. cutter C. corvette D. corsair

D. corsair

Which of the following was NOT an important characteristic of politics in the age of Jackson? A. a dynamic expansion of presidential power and leadership B. expanded political democracy and increased participation in politics C. the acceptance of a party system as legitimate D. end of the spoils system of filling public offices with political supporters

D. end of the spoils system of filling public offices with political supporters

As the new nation's first president, Washington lamented that nearly all of his actions while in office would A. be distorted unfairly by the free press. B. be examined by historians to find insight into his decision-making. C. have no positive effect if the Senate and the House of Representatives did not concur. D. establish a model for those that followed.

D. establish a model for those that followed.

Jackson's popularity was derived not only from defeating the British but also from A. his respected position as a landed gentleman slaveholder in the antebellum South. B. the way he "spoiled" the children of wealthy political donors. C. the "common man" bond he shared with the western people. D. his opening extensive tracts of Indian lands to white settlement.

D. his opening extensive tracts of Indian lands to white settlement.

Once in power, Jefferson A. fully dismantled Hamilton's economic program. B. respected the independence of the judiciary. C. eagerly launched a grand construction program for the national capital. D. increasingly put pragmatic considerations above strict political principles.

D. increasingly put pragmatic considerations above strict political principles.

Which of the following proved to be the breakthrough necessary to push cotton production to the center of the American agricultural stage? A. extensive railroad development B. development of vast overseas markets C. federal subsidies of cotton production D. invention of the cotton gin

D. invention of the cotton gin

Which of the following does NOT help account for the shift to factory production? A. a growing, accessible market B. the availability of investment capital and credit C. the availability of workers D. inventions that gave the U.S. a head start over Europeans

D. inventions that gave the U.S. a head start over Europeans

The War of 1812 A. demonstrated how well-prepared Americans were to fight on land. B. ended in a treaty that granted generous concessions to the U.S. C. produced no significant American victories. D. made Andrew Jackson an overnight hero.

D. made Andrew Jackson an overnight hero.

. Hamilton proposed to define the national debt in a way that increased what the nation had to pay. What two pressing financial problems did this seek to solve? A. bartering and localism B. a trade deficit and a tax revolt C. no central bank and no budget management D. revenue and credit

D. revenue and credit

. Jay's Treaty A. officially ended the alliance with France. B. removed restrictions on American trade with British colonies. C. was rejected by the Senate because it gave up too much to Spain. D. secured the evacuation of British troops from the Northwest.

D. secured the evacuation of British troops from the Northwest.

. Transcendentalism A. was the theological foundation undergirding the revivals of the Second Great Awakening. B. was based on the ideas of Dorothea Dix. C. rejected individualism in favor of utopian communalism. D. sought to rise above reason through individualist spiritual communion with nature.

D. sought to rise above reason through individualist spiritual communion with nature.

Which of the following groups purchased the greatest amount of western land from the federal government? A. industrialists B. small farmers C. squatters D. speculators

D. speculators

Which of the following can be described as a standardized public activity, participated in by blacks and whites, males and females, which brought emotional release, sociability, and moral order to the frontier after 1800? A. the political "electioneering" rally B. the slave auction C. the barn raising D. the camp meeting

D. the camp meeting

. The Federalist party A. wanted a weak government in order to promote economic individualism. B. opposed a republican form of government. C. wanted to aid subsistence farmers by printing paper money. D. wanted to use government power to promote commerce and industry.

D. wanted to use government power to promote commerce and industry.