HIST2620 CH26, HIST2620 Chapter 27, HIST2620 Chapter 28

Tom Wolfe dubbed the 1970s, a time in which "lifestyle" emerged in depoliticized form, the

"Me Decade."

What was the name for the plan by which President Nixon gradually drew down the number of American troops in Vietnam, saying they would be replaced by South Vietnamese soldiers?

"Vietnamization"

Prior to taking office, Jimmy Carter achieved all of the following except

. holding a federal office.

During what years did the Berlin Wall, the most prominent symbol of the Cold War, divide East and West Berlin?

1961-1989

The collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and eastern Europe occurred during what years?

1989-1991

By the year 2000, and in 2010, what percentage of all marriages ended in divorce?

50%

In this 1986 Supreme Court decision, the Court upheld the constitutionality of state laws outlawing homosexual acts.

Bowers v. Hardwick

Many stock frauds stemmed from the repeal of this piece of legislation from 1999, a New Deal measure that separated commercial banks (which accept deposits and make loans) from investment banks (which invest in stocks and real estate and take larger risks).

Glass-Steagall Act

Which of the following was not a major theme raised by critics of Reagan's presidency?

He appeared more interested in safeguarding the environment than in safeguarding the nation from communism.

What was the 1979 organization created by Virginia minister Jerry Falwell, devoted to waging a "war against sin" and electing "pro-life, pro-family, pro-America" candidates?

Moral Majority

The first time Israel formally recognized the legitimacy of the Palestine Liberation Organization was in 1993 at the

Oslo Accords.

A major initiative of the Carter administration was the

Panama Canal treaty.

The Christian Coalition was founded by the evangelical minister

Pat Robertson.

QUESTION 57 What was the 1978 Supreme Court decision that rejected the idea of fixed affirmative action quotas, but allowed that race could be used as one factor among many in admissions decisions?

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

The first divorced man to run for president was

Ronald Reagan.

This Reagan-appointed Supreme Court justice was the first female member of the Court.

Sandra Day O'Connor

Nixon was the first American president to visit the Soviet Union, wherein he engaged in negotiations for increased trade and arms-control treaties called

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT).

As a result of this 1971 Supreme Court case, judges throughout the country ordered the use of busing as a tool to achieve school integration.

Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education

This piece of legislation reduced the tax rate on the wealthiest Americans to 28 percent, a sharp retreat from the idea that the wealthy should pay a higher percentage of their income in taxes than other citizens.

Tax Reform Act

Which was not a reason that Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) rolls expanded rapidly during the 1960s?

The federal government tripled AFDC payments to individual recipients.

In 1979 there was a near-fatal accident at a nuclear power plant, which released a large amount of radioactive steam into the atmosphere at

Three Mile Island.

On September 11, 2001, planes controlled by terrorists crashed into all of the following except

a bridge in Washington, D.C.

Numbering around 50 million in 2010, this group had become the largest minority group in the United States.

a. Latinos

The 1990s Christian Coalition became a major force in Republican Party politics and launched crusades against all of the following except

creationism.

In Nixon's first three years in office, the proportion of southern black students attending integrated schools

decreased initially, but steadily climbed by the third year.

President Richard Nixon sought to replace the polarized and hostile relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union with a new era of "peaceful coexistence" called

détente.

From 1973 to 1993, real wages

essentially did not rise.

Between 2000 and 2002, the price of NASDAQ stocks rose by nearly 80 percent.

fakse

All of today's Indians live in five western states (California, Oklahoma, Arizona, New Mexico, and Washington).

false

As president, Bill Clinton opposed his predecessor's passion for free trade, believing instead that regulatory tariffs would ensure higher standards of living for American workers.

false

As president, Carter appointed fewer blacks to important positions than had Nixon. True

false

Between 1990 and 1995, the federal government and the states as a whole stopped constructing prisons to cut back on federal spending.

false

Both foreign policy "realists" and conservative Cold Warriors applauded President Jimmy Carter's emphasis on human rights

false

By the end of President Reagan's two terms in office, American conservatism was a spent force as all its goals had been completely fulfilled.

false

By the end of the 1970s, the civil rights and sexual revolutions produced resentments that promoted the Democratic coalition.

false

By the mid-1990s, the richest 1 percent of Americans owned only 10 percent of the nation's wealth, half their share twenty years earlier.

false

During the 1990s, religion in the United States lost much of its appeal, as a secular culture based on consumption and mass entertainment dominated American society.

false

In 1972, Congress cut down Title IX, which attempted to ban gender discrimination in higher education.

false

It is a myth that U.S. soldiers killed 350 South Vietnamese civilians in the My Lai massacre of 1968.

false

QUESTION 35 Like a strong majority of women across the United States, Phyllis Schlafly was an adamant supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment, which was designed to remove the legal ability to discriminate "on account of sex."

false

The Enron Corporation became famous in the 1990s for its leading part in the computer revolution, especially in software.

false

The Internet was first developed as a high-speed communication network for telephone operators.

false

The Senate's Church Committee concluded that many of America's problems would be solved if people would attend church more frequently.

false

The United Nations endorsed the U.S. invasion of Panama but denounced Operation Desert Storm.

false

The decline of public tolerance of homosexuality was among the most striking changes in American social attitudes in the last twenty years of the twentieth century.

false

The economy of the 1970s moved from stagflation to affluence, increasing the appeal of the conservative argument that government regulation raised business costs and eliminated jobs.

false

The number of workers employed in the manufacturing sector of the U.S. economy rose sharply during the 1970s.

false

Upon entering office, President Nixon surprised many people by calling a rapid halt to American military involvement in Vietnam.

false

The movement to reverse the 1973 Roe v. Wade decision was supported by all of the following except

feminists.

In August 1981, the union of air traffic controllers began a strike in violation of federal law, creating a potentially hazardous travel situation. Reagan's response was to

fire all the union strikers, replacing them with the military.

By the year 2000, how many American households owned a personal computer?

half

In Reagan's second term, his relationship with Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev

improved slightly, but Reagan maintained his comments about the Soviet Union as an "evil empire."

In Ford's "Whip Inflation Now" campaign,

inflation fell but joblessness continued to rise.

The Iranian revolution deeply impacted the public's view of Carter's administration. After hostages were taken captive in Tehran, they were finally released

on Carter's last day as president.

In Casey v. Planned Parenthood of Pennsylvania (1992), the Supreme Court

reaffirmed a woman's right to terminate a pregnancy

"Stagflation" refers to

stagnant economic growth and high inflation.

All of the following developments undermined the public faith in the effectiveness of the federal government except

the Camp David agreement.

Pat Buchanan delivered a speech at the 1992 Republican national convention that declared cultural war against all the following except

the Christian Right.

In 1971, the New York Times began publishing this classified report prepared by the Defense Department that traced American involvement in Vietnam back to World War II and revealed how successive presidents had misled the American people about it.

the Pentagon Papers

During the second half of the 1960s and the 1970s, conservative Christianity increasingly aligned with

the Republican Party.

Carter's actions in Afghanistan had unforeseen consequences, including the rise to power by this group

the Taliban.

In line with their 1994 platform, Republicans in the U.S. House of Representatives moved swiftly to approve deep cuts in all of the following except

the military.

In 1973, long lines of cars appeared at American gas stations, which either ran out of fuel or limited how much a customer could buy as a result of

the oil embargo.

"Neoconservatives" came to believe that well-intentioned government social programs did more harm than good. In many cases, welfare, for example, not only failed to allevia

true

After recovering from the recession of 1990-1991, the U.S. economy continued to expand for the rest of the decade; the boom became the longest uninterrupted period of economic expansion in American history.

true

After the Gulf War of 1991, Osama bin Laden declared war on America.

true

Between 1980 and 2000, the poor and the middle class became worse off while the rich became significantly richer.

true

Bill Clinton was the first Democrat to win reelection to the presidency since Franklin D. Roosevelt.

true

By 1970, African-Americans accounted for nearly 50 percent of all welfare recipients.

true

By 1979, there were thousands of local gay rights groups across the United States. True

true

By 2000, a majority of American households owned stocks directly or through investment in mutual funds and pension and retirement accounts

true

By 2000, more than 400,000 Americans had died of HIV/AIDS.

true

By 2000, twenty-three states had passed laws establishing English as their official language. True

true

By 2010, more than 13 percent of the American population was foreign born.

true

By 2010, more than 4 million Muslims resided in the United States.

true

By 2010, more than a third of African-Americans lived in the suburbs.

true

By the 1990s, public schools in the North were considerably more segregated than those in the South.

true

By the mid-1970s—in consequence of women's changing aspirations and the availability of birth control and legal abortions—the American birthrate declined dramatically.

true

Clinton's continuing popularity throughout the impeachment controversy demonstrated how profoundly traditional attitudes toward sexual morality had changed.

true

Due to both Agnew and Nixon leaving office before their terms ended, Gerald Ford and Nelson Rockefeller together served as the only persons holding the office of president and vice president (respectively) for whom no one had actually voted.

true

During the 1970s, the divorce rate soared; by 1975, it was twice what it had been a decade earlier.

true

During the 1990s, Presidents George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton both asserted the view that America should embrace the mission of creating a single global free market as a path to greater worldwide freedom.

true

During the 1991 Gulf War, President George H. W. Bush's approval rating reached 89 percent, but he lost the presidential election the next year.

true

For the only time in the twentieth century, other than the 1930s, the average American ended the 1970s poorer than when the decade began.

true

In 1960, only 20 percent of women with young children had been in the workforce; the figure reached 55 percent in 1990.

true

In 1968, a "backlash" among formerly Republican voters against both black assertiveness and antiwar demonstrations helped to propel Richard Nixon into the White House.

true

In 1978, California voters approved Proposition 13, which banned further increases in property taxes but reduced funds for schools, libraries, and other public services.

true

In 2008, several states spent more money on their prison systems than on higher education.

true

In the spring of 1970, more than 350 colleges and universities experienced student strikes, and troops occupied twenty-one campuses in protest over the Vietnam War.

true

Many whites came to view affirmative action programs as a form of reverse discrimination.

true

President Bill Clinton was formally impeached (charged with a crime) but not convicted or removed from office. True

true

President Nixon and Secretary of State Henry Kissinger continued President Lyndon Johnson's policy of attempting to undermine Third World governments deemed dangerous to American strategic or economic interests.

true

President Nixon resigned the office of the presidency in 1974, in the wake of the Watergate scandal and cover-up.

true

The Reagan administration conducted a massive expansion of military spending during the 1980s.

true

The Vietnam War was a military, political, and social disaster, and the only war the United States has ever lost.

true

The controversy over Roe v. Wade was a political hotbed that affected a range of issues from battles over nominees to judicial positions, and led to demonstrations at family-planning and abortion clinics.

true

The largest one-day drop in stock prices in history occurred on April 14, 2000.

true

The percentage of the black population in prison stood five times higher than the proportion for white Americans; more than one-quarter of all black men could expect to serve time in prison at some time during their lives.

true

Upon entering office, President Nixon accepted and even expanded many elements of Lyndon Johnson's Great Society program.

true

The first woman nominated for vice president by a major party was

Geraldine Ferraro.