Histo lip Ch 13 GIT

28 Which of the following is an essential secretory product of the submucosal glands: brunner glands

Bicarbonate ions

14 You are analyzing patterns of stem cell renewal and terminal differentiation in the GI tract . As part of your research you generate monoclonal antibodies that iden tify specific populations of gastric epithelial cells . One of your antibodies recognizes a protease found in zymogen granules . Which of the following cells is characterized by the presence of zymogen secretory granules ?

Chief cells

35 After your lecture , a colleague asks you to comment on recent drug discovery efforts to regulate nutrient uptake in the small intestine . What hormone stimu lates gallbladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretion ?

Cholecystokinin

45 During the seminar , you are asked to discuss the cellular mechanisms that mediate antibody transport across the epithelial barrier of the GI tract . Which of the following cells transports IgA from the lamina propria of the mucosa to the lumen of the gut ?

Enterocytes

1 The gastrointestinal ( GI ) tract is compartmentalized into organs that are specialized for digestion of food and absorption of nutrients . Most variation and specializa tion along the length of the GI tract occur in which of the following tissue layers ?

Epithelium of mucosa

34 You are invited to give a lecture on the pathobiology of enteroendocrine cells at a national conference on " child hood obesity " organized by First Lady Michelle Obama . During your lecture , you mention that enteroendocrine cells secrete a wide variety of polypeptide hormones . Which hormone produced in the stomach stimulates the perception of hunger ?

Gastrin

44 During a small group seminar , you are asked to discuss humeral immunity in the GI tract . Plasma cells in the lamina propria secrete primarily which of the following classes of immunoglobulin

IgA

23 A 44 - year - old woman presents with burning epigas tric pain that usually occurs between meals . The pain can be relieved with antacids . The patient also reports a recent history of tarry stools . Gastroscopy reveals a bleeding mucosal defect in the antrum measuring 1.5 cm in diameter . Which of the following is the most likely underlying cause of peptic ulcer disease in this patient ?

Infection

22 You are investigating the activation of smooth muscle in the muscularis mucosae of the stomach and its role in assisting outflow from gastric glands . The cell bodies for visceral motor fibers that innervate the muscularis mucosae are present in which of the following anatomic locations ?

Meissner plexus

12 A 58 - year - old woman with a history of indigestion after meals and " heartburn " presents with upper abdominal pain . She is currently being treated with proton pump inhibitors for gas troesophageal reflux disease ( GERD ) . Which of the follow ing types of epithelial cells has proton pumps and generates hydrochloric acid ( HCl ) within the lumen of the stomach ?

Parietal cells

19 A 34 - year - old man presents with a 5 - month history of weakness and fatigue . A peripheral blood smear shows megaloblastic anemia . Further laboratory studies dem onstrate vitamin B12 deficiency . This patient's anemia is most likely caused by autoantibodies directed against which of the following GI cells ?

Parietal cells

2 During a small group discussion , you are asked to explain structural and functional differences between rugae , villi , microvilli , plicae circulares , teniae coli , and haustra . Rugae are found in which of the following seg ments of the GI tract ?

Stomach

41 Further examination of the specimen provided for Question 40 reveals arterioles and venules ( arrows shown in the image ) . These blood vessels are located within which of the following layers of the GI tract ?

Submucosa