History 130 Exam 1

development of racism

1. establish white superiority 2. establish black inferiority 3.enforce these notions publicly 4. support notions by way of theology (the bible)

country marks

A mark, especially a scar or pattern of scars resulting from shallow incisions, made as part of a traditional ritual or cosmetic practice among some African peoples, and sometimes used to identify a person's country of birth or tribal origin.

African Participation in the Slave Trade

African merchants supplied European traders with black bodies

different aspects of colonization debate (lab)

Against colonization to Africa: America is home never knew Africa more opportunity in America For: Can never be free in America

Graweere

black man buys his son and sues for freedom, but is only granted this under the condition that the boy is raised as a Christian

Missouri compromise

First, Missouri would be admitted to the union as a slave state, but would be balanced by the admission of Maine, a free state, that had long wanted to be separated from Massachusetts. Second, slavery was to be excluded from all new states in the Louisiana Purchase north of the southern boundary of Missouri.

code noir

The Code Noir defined the conditions of slavery in the French colonial empire, restricted the activities of free Negroes, forbade the exercise of any religion other than Roman Catholicism, and ordered all Jews out of France's colonies. 3 warnings before subject to capital punishment The Code Noir resulted in a far higher percentage of blacks being free people of colour

3/5 compromise

The delegates reached an agreement that slaves would count as three-fifths of a person for the purposes of determining representation. For example, 100 slaves would be equivalent to 60 people.

task system

Under the task system, slaves were assigned several specific tasks within a day. When those tasks were finished, slaves could have time to themselves.

Tuchinge case

White man on trial for stealing slave ship and kidnapping key witness in case referred to as a negro who had been christened

stono rebellion

a slave rebellion that began on 9 September 1739, in the colony of South Carolina. the largest slave uprising in the British mainland colonies, with 21 whites and 44 blacks killed. The uprising was led by native Africans who were likely from the Central African Kingdom of Kongo.

growth of the cotton kingdom

as internal slave trade grows, so does the cotton kingdom of the deep south

the triangle trade

between Europe, Africa, and the New World (US) Europe sends manufactured goods to Africa for slaves, slaves from africa to the new world, exchange raw materials

covert resistance

disguised acts of resistance i.e. acting sick to get out of work

negro election day

festival that began during 1741 in several towns of New England as part of the local election of the black representative of that community. The festival incorporated aspects of West African culture and ritualistic celebrations such as traditional dancing, African feasting and parades.

black patriots

fighting against america to gain ultimate freedom

black loyalists

fighting with America would yield freedom for enslaved because freedom and liberty were at the forefront of their cause

Lord Dunmore's proclamation

give slaves freedom if they join the british army

chattel slavery

inheritable state where people are defined as property, usually based on race

The middle passage

journey from Africa to the New World

coffles

line of slaves bound together by chains

Diaspora

mass dispersion of a people from their homeland

half freedom

new amsterdam 1666; rewarding earliest enslaved people freedom (owning land, roaming) but forced to leave their children

overt resistance

outlandish acts of resistance

fictive kin

people with whom one forms familial bonds to, regardless of blood relation

the ring shout

religious ritual where enslaved got in a circle and danced, sung, and prayed

the cotton gin

removed seeds from cotton at a much more efficient rate thus cotton production booms

cash crops

rice, sugar, tobacco, indigo, cotton

secondary sources

second hand sources made from primary sources ex: textbook, biography

amistad

ship smuggling enslaved from cuba to us. slave rebellion takes over ship. slaves freed upon being tried for mutiny. overt resistance

internal/domestic slave trade

slaves from the north being sold higher to southern states as commodities in cotton production

slave societies

societies built on and thriving from slave labor. if slavery was taken away, survival would be risked

societies with slaves

societies that do have slaves, but aren't solely dependent on their labor

primary sources

sources coming directly from time period under study. ex: diary, manuscript, autobiography

everyday resistance

subtle ways that slave resisted

tight v. loose packing

tight :strategically overcrowding slave ships to get the most cargo as possible, compensating for possible deaths. loose: strategically undercrowding slaves on ships to reduce the risk of death, thus getting more cargo to end buyer

great awakening

time of religious enthusiasm, heavily converting to christianity

The transatlantic slave trade

triangle trade

abolitionism

trying to put an end to slavery

legal foundations of slavery (4 court cases)

the legal process assumes, with no definition, black inferiority legal process carefully defines and ruthlessly enforces precept Tuchinge- White man Stealing a Spanish Ship, John Phillip (Black) only able to testify because he's a Christian *blackness is a sin, white is the * Sweat-impregnated a black woman, woman was whipped but he was forced to apologize in church for dishonoring God Davis- gets whipped in front of blacks and whites for lowering himself to that of blacks

Davis

white man accused of having sex with a negro woman man whipt in front of white and blacks for lowering himself

Sweat

white man impregnates another man's negro slave she is whipped and he is forced to apologize at church

gender and family

women viewed as sexual beings men viewed as agressive family ties broken

Denmark Vesey

won the lottery to buy his freedom; planned a rebellion to steal ships and sale to haiti, quickly overturned. hanged

indentured servitude

working to pay off a personal debt or a societal debt by working. not inheritable. still considered step above African slave