History 1700 final
Malcolm X d
definition: El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz, better known as Malcolm X, was an American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a popular figure during the civil rights movement. He is best known for his staunch and controversial black racial advocacy, and for time spent as the vocal spokesperson of the Nation of Islam.
Hawaiian statehood (1959) d
definition: Hawaii became a US state on March 18, 1959, following a referendum in which at least 93% of voters approved of statehood. By then, most voters were not Native Hawaiian. The 1959 referendum did not have an option for independence from the United States.
Trade unions d
definition: Early labor organizations that brought together workers in the same trade, or job, to fight for better wages and working conditions
Malcolm X s
significance: He was largely credited with the group's dramatic increase in membership between the early 1950s and early 1960s (from 500 to 25,000 by one estimate; from 1,200 to 50,000 or 75,000 by another).
Black Power s
significance: How the Black Power Movement Influenced the Civil Rights Movement. With a focus on racial pride and self-determination, the Black Power movement argued that civil rights reforms did not go far enough to end discrimination against African Americans.
Alice Kamokila Campbell
significance: In these difficult territorial years, Kamokila's actions continued to breathe life in the spirit of aloha 'āina. Her statements against statehood would foretell Kanaka voices today seeking greater rights and autonomy for Kanaka Maoli who -- through historical injustices -- have been forced to live in the construct of the State of Hawai'i and the United States.
Civil Rights Act (1964) s
significance: It does not restrict the freedom of any American, so long as he respects the rights of others." The act was a major turning point in U.S. history. It moved toward ending the Jim Crow laws that had held sway in many areas of the U.S. for years, and paved the way for future reform legislation.
McCarthyism s
significance: It was characterized by heightened political repression and a campaign spreading fear of communist influence on American institutions and of espionage by Soviet agents. ... In 1949, a high-level State Department official was convicted of perjury in a case of espionage, and the Soviet Union tested an atomic bomb.
Eugene "Bull" Connor s
significance: Known for his use of police dogs and fire hoses to quell the Civil Rights demonstrations. He strongly opposed the activities of the American Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s.
Martin Luther King, Jr. s
significance: Martin Luther King, Jr., was a Baptist minister and social rights activist in the United States in the 1950s and '60s. He was a leader of the American civil rights movement. He organized a number of peaceful protests as head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, including the famous March on Washington.
The South Vietnam Liberation Front (Viet Cong) s
significance: National Liberation Front (NLF), formally National Front for the Liberation of the South, Vietnamese Mat-Tran Dan-Toc Giai-Phong Mien-Nam, Vietnamese political organization formed on December 20, 1960, to effect the overthrow of the South Vietnamese government and the reunification of North and South Vietnam.
Queen Lili'uokalani s
significance: Other Countries Deemed Hawaii a nation state separate of American control. The UK and other European nations legitimized her rule and had foreign diplomacy with the European cultured queen. She put up much defense against US rule but was ultimately uncrowned.
The Panama Canal Treaties (1977) s
Significance: Signed on September 7, 1977, the treaty recognized Panama as the territorial sovereign in the Canal Zone but gave the United States the right to continue operating the canal until December 31, 1999. Despite considerable opposition in the U.S. Senate, the treaty was approved by a one-vote margin in September 1978.
17th Amendment d
definition: 17th amendment modified Article I, section 3, of the Constitution by allowing voters to cast direct votes for U.S. Senators. Prior to its passage, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.
Irish potato famine d
definition: A famine in 1845 when the main crop of Ireland, potatoes, was destroyed by the disease. Irish farmers grew other food items, such as wheat and oats, but Great Britain required them to export those items to them, leaving nothing for the Irish to live on. As a result, over 1 million Irish died of starvation or disease, while millions of others migrated to the United States.
The Farmers' Alliance d
definition: A rural movement founded in Texas during the depression of the 1870s that spread across the plains states and the south. It advocates cooperative stores and exchanges that would circumvent middlemen, and it called for greater government aid to farmers and stricter regulation of railroads
Scientific Management d
definition: A system of organizing work developed by Frederick W. Taylor in the late nineteenth century. It was designed to coax maximum output from the individual worker, increase efficiency, and reduce production costs
The Black Panther Party d
definition: At its inception on October 15, 1966, the Black Panther Party's core practice was its armed citizens' patrols ("copwatching") to monitor the behavior of officers of the Oakland Police Department and challenge police brutality in the city. In 1969, a variety of community social programs became a core activity.
The baby boom d
definition: Baby boom, in the U.S., the increase in the birth rate between 1946 and 1964; also, the generation born in the U.S. during that period. The hardships and uncertainties of the Great Depression and World War II led many couples to delay marriage and many married couples to delay having children
Black Power d
definition: Black Power is a political slogan and a name for various associated ideologies aimed at achieving self-determination for people of African descent. It is used primarily, but not exclusively, by African Americans in the United States.
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS, 1954 d
definition: Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483, was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality of Topeka was a landmark 1954 Supreme Court case in which the justices ruled unanimously that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional
U.S Steel d
definition: Carnegie sold his company in 1900 for over 400 million to a new steel combination headed by JP Morgan. this created the U.S steel corporation. The new corporation.
Congressional Reconstruction d
definition: Congress's role in the construction of the union and redevelopment of the southern rebel states. This allowed for harsher punishment on the south then-president Andrew Johnson had allowed happening. In order to construct they developed the Reconstruction Acts. These acts provided the south loss of black control. It allowed for rights to be given to the blacks.
Containment d
definition: Containment is a geopolitical strategic foreign policy pursued by the United States. It is loosely related to the term cordon sanitaire which was later used to describe the geopolitical containment of the Soviet Union in the 1940s
Decolonization d
definition: Decolonization or decolonisation is the undoing of colonialism, the latter being the process whereby a nation establishes and maintains its domination on overseas territories.
W.E.B. DuBois d
definition: DuBois was a ferocious advocate for the equality of African Americans, the first African American to receive a Ph. D. from Harvard, a prolific scholar, a founder of the NAACP, and an advocate for education as a tool for social advancement.
Alice Kamokila Campbell
definition: During the territorial period (1900-1959), Senator Alice Kamokilaikawai Campbell was a notable force in Hawai'i and the strongest Hawaiian opponent of statehood.
Booker T. Washington, Atlanta Adress d
definition: In a speech at the Cotton States and International Exposition in Atlanta, Georgia, on September 18, 1895, Washington asserted that vocational education, which gave blacks an opportunity for economic security, was more valuable to them than social advantages, higher education, or political office.
NATO d
definition: In response to this, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed. NATO is a formal alliance between the territories of North American and Europe. From its inception, its main purpose was to defend each other from the possibility of communist Soviet Union taking control of their nation.
The compromise of 1877 d
definition: In the election of 1876 there was a distortion in the votes causing a draw among candidates. Republican Party nominee Rutherford B Hayes and Democratic Party nominee Samuel Tilden. To select the new presidential leader compromise was taken. Rutherford B Hayes for president and for the south the removal of all the northern military enforcers.
Freedmen's Bureau d
definition: Initiated by Abraham Lincoln this was a group created to provide aid and new construction. It is to help the transition of the blacks coming out of slavery and their movement towards becoming a free man. This also sought to help rehabilitate the south. Namely the South's poor whites.
Queen Lili'uokalani d
definition: Liliʻuokalani was the only queen regnant and the last sovereign monarch of the Hawaiian Kingdom, ruling from until the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom.
Martin Luther King, Jr. d
definition: Martin Luther King, Jr., was a Baptist minister and social rights activist in the United States in the 1950s and '60s. He was a leader of the American civil rights movement. He organized a number of peaceful protests as head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, including the famous March on Washington.
McCarthyism d
definition: McCarthyism is the practice of making accusations of subversion or treason without proper regard for evidence. The term refers to U.S. senator Joseph McCarthy and has its origins in the period in the United States known as the Second Red Scare, lasting from the late 1940s through the 1950s.
Suburbanization d
definition: Most people resorted to homes outside the cities like suburbs because there it was cheaper. ... Over the next couple of years suburbs became very popular and helped the government to give GI bills to the veterans of World War II and the Korean War. They helped them with the mortgage and college.
NAACP d
definition: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination, to oppose racism and to gain civil rights for African Americans.
The GI Bill d
definition: Officially the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, the G.I. Bill was created to help veterans of World War II. It established hospitals, made low-interest mortgages available and granted stipends covering tuition and expenses for veterans attending college or trade schools.
Social Security Act d
definition: On August 14, 1935, the Social Security Act established a system of old-age benefits for workers, benefits for victims of industrial accidents, unemployment insurance, aid for dependent mothers and children, the blind, and the physically handicapped.
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964) d
definition: On August 7, 1964, Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, authorizing President Johnson to take any measures he believed were necessary to retaliate and to promote the maintenance of international peace and security in southeast Asia.
The American Federation of Labor d
definition: Organization created by Samuel Gompers in 1886 that coordinated the activities of craft unions and called for direct negotiation with employers in order to achieve benefits for skilled workers
"Black Tuesday" d
definition: Part of the panic that caused Black Tuesday resulted from how investors played the stock market in the 1920s. They didn't have instant access to information via the internet. The other reason for the panic was the new method for buying stocks, called buying on margin.
d
definition: Plessy V. Ferguson case was a turning point case. The case involve a man who was black by genetics who deemed it was his right to sit in the same section of transportation as the whites. This case was overruled and stated Plessy did not have that right that it was okay whites and blacks to be separate.
Securities and Exchange Commission d
definition: Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) US Government agency, with the purpose of protecting investors from dangerous or illegal financial practices or fraud, by requiring full and accurate financial disclosure by companies offering stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and other securities to the public.
The Sedition Act (1918) d
definition: Sedition Act of 1918, which made it a federal offense to use "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the Constitution, the government, the American uniform, or the flag. The government prosecuted over 2,100 people under these acts
The Panama Canal Treaties (1977) d
definition: Signed on September 7, 1977, the treaty recognized Panama as the territorial sovereign in the Canal Zone but gave the United States the right to continue operating the canal until December 31, 1999. Despite considerable opposition in the U.S. Senate, the treaty was approved by a one-vote margin in September 1978.
Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act d
definition: Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act, formally United States Tariff Act of 1930, also called Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act, U.S. legislation (June 17, 1930) that raised import duties to protect American businesses and farmers, adding considerable strain to the international economic climate of the Great Depression
Students for a Democratic Society d
definition: Students for a Democratic Society was a national student activist organization in the United States during the 1960s, and was one of the principal representations of the New Left.
13th, 14th, 15th Amendments d
definition: These were the three acts part of the reconstruction acts. These acts were to Increase black rights and increase southern punishment for the civil war.
The American Civil Liberties Union d
definition: The American Civil Liberties Union is our nation's guardian of liberty, working daily in courts, legislatures and communities to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties that the Constitution and laws of the United States guarantee everyone in this country.like Freedom of the press, and freedom of religion etc.
Civil Rights Act (1964) d
definition: The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark civil rights and labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It prohibits unequal application of voter registration requirements, and racial segregation in schools, employment, and public accommodations.
The Cold War d
definition: The Cold War was an ongoing political rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies that developed after World War II. ... Orwell understood it as a nuclear stalemate between "super-states": each possessed weapons of mass destruction and was capable of annihilating the other
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation d
definition: The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) is an independent federal agency insuring deposits in U.S. banks and thrifts in the event of bank failures. The FDIC was created in 1933 to maintain public confidence and encourage stability in the financial system through the promotion of sound banking practices
Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (1963) d
definition: The Feminine Mystique, a landmark book by feminist Betty Friedan published in 1963 that described the pervasive dissatisfaction among women in mainstream American society in the post-World War II period. ... Friedan deemed that unhappiness and inability to live up to the feminine mystique the "problem that has no name."
The "Good War" d
definition: The Good War": An Oral History of World War II is an oral history of World War II compiled by Studs Terkel. The work received the 1985 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction
Hawaiian Renaissance d
definition: The Hawaiian Renaissance (also called the Hawaiian Cultural Renaissance) was the Hawaiian resurgence of a distinct cultural identity that draws upon traditional kānaka maoli culture, with a significant divergence from the tourism-based culture which Hawaiʻi was previously known for worldwide
Hart-Celler Act (1965) d
definition: The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 also known as the Hart-Celler Act, is a federal law passed by the 89th United States Congress and signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson. The law abolished the National Origins Formula, which had been the basis of U.S. immigration policy since the 1920s.
Insular Cases, 1901-1904 d
definition: The Insular Cases are a series of U.S. Supreme Court cases decided in 1901 concerning the status of U.S. territories and their peoples acquired by the United States in the Spanish-American War.
The Iran hostage crisis d
definition: The Iranian Hostage Crisis. ... On November 4, 1979, Iranian students seized the embassy and detained more than 50 Americans, ranging from the Chargé d'Affaires to the most junior members of the staff, as hostages. The Iranians held the American diplomats hostage for 444 days.
Ku'e Petitions d
definition: The Kūʻē Petitions of 1897 were a protest against the annexation of Hawaii by the United States. Also referred to as the "monster petition". It was organized by Hui Aloha ʻĀina.
"the march of the flag" d
definition: The March of the Flag Summary. Albert Beveridge, an enthusiastic imperialist, was campaigning for the Indiana senator seat in 1898 when he delivered The March of the Flag speech. ... The speech aimed at promoting US imperialism both as a divine and national mission that originated with Thomas Jefferson
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom (1963) d
definition: The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, the March on Washington, or The Great March on Washington, was held in Washington, D.C. on Wednesday, August 28, 1963. The purpose of the march was to advocate for the civil and economic rights of African Americans.
The Marshall Plan d
definition: The Marshall Plan, also known as the European Recovery Program, was a U.S. program providing aid to Western Europe following the devastation of World War II. It was enacted in 1948 and provided more than $15 billion to help finance rebuilding efforts on the continent.
National Labor Relations Board d
definition: The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) is a federal agency founded by Congress in 1935 to administer the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA). The NLRB safeguards employees' rights to organize and to decide whether or not to have unions serve as their bargaining representatives with their employers.
New lands Resolution, 1898 d
definition: The New lands Resolution was a joint resolution passed on July 4, 1898, by the United States Congress to annex the independent Republic of Hawaii. In 1900, Congress created the Territory of Hawaii. The resolution was drafted by Representative Francis G. New lands of Nevada, a Democrat.
19th amendment d
definition: The Nineteenth Amendment states: "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex." Congress passed the amendment in June 1919
OPEC d
definition: The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is a cartel consisting of 14 of the world's major oil-exporting nations. OPEC aims to regulate the supply of oil in order to set the price on the world market.
SCLC d
definition: The Southern Christian Leadership Conference is an African-American civil rights organization. SCLC, which is closely associated with its first president, Martin Luther King Jr., had a large role in the American civil rights movement.
Spanish-American War (1898) d
definition: The Spanish American War of 1898 was a conflict between Spain and America over territory in Latin America and the Far East. The war was caused by a mixture of Exaggerated reporting−known as Yellow Journalism. Aspirations to spread American political and economic institutions
Strategic Defense Initiative d
definition: The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), also known as Star Wars, was a program first initiated on March 23, 1983 under President Ronald Reagan. The intent of this program was to develop a sophisticated anti-ballistic missile system in order to prevent missile attacks from other countries, specifically the Soviet Union.
SNCC d
definition: The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee was the principal channel of student commitment in the United States to the Civil Rights Movement during the 1960s.
The Tet Offensive (1968) d
definition: The Tet Offensive played an important role in weakening U.S. public support for the war in Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh and leaders in Hanoi planned the Tet Offensive in the hopes of achieving a decisive victory that would end the grinding conflict that frustrated military leaders on both sides.
The Truman Doctrine (1947) d
definition: The Truman Doctrine was the foreign policy of the United States from 1947-1953 under President Harry S. Truman following the end of WWII. As the Cold War with the Soviet Union (USSR) escalated, the Truman Doctrine was designed to contain the spread of communism and check Soviet advances throughout the world.
The United Nations d
definition: The UN Charter sets out four main purposes: Maintaining worldwide peace and security. Developing relations among nations. Fostering cooperation between nations in order to solve economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian international problems.
Voting Rights Act (1965) d
definition: The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting.
War Industries Board (est. 1917) d
definition: The War Industries Board (WIB) was one of the first United States government agencies established during WW1. The War Industries Board (WIB) was created on July 28, 1917 to coordinate the production of war materials and the purchase of war supplies
Works Progress Administration d
definition: The Works Progress Administration (WPA; renamed in 1939 as the Work Projects Administration) was an American New Deal agency, employing millions of job-seekers (mostly unskilled men) to carry out public works projects, including the construction of public buildings and roads.
Adlai Stevenson, A Purpose for Modern Women d
definition: The address to Smith College students emphasized the importance of women retaining their families' roles and supporting the home. Stevenson argued that women—especially wives and mothers—had an important, if somewhat traditional, purpose in Cold War American society.
The Domino Effect d
definition: The domino theory was a Cold War policy that suggested a communist government in one nation would quickly lead to communist takeovers in neighboring states, each falling like a perfectly aligned row of dominos. ... With the exception of Laos and Cambodia, communism failed to spread throughout Southeast Asia.
Deskilling d
definition: The elimination of skilled labor under a new system of mechanized manufacturing, in which workers completed discrete, small-scale tasks rather than crafting an entire product. With deskilling, employers found they could pay workers less and replace them more easily.
The Knights of Labor d
definition: The first mass labor organization created among Americas working class. Founded in 1869 and peaking in strength in the mid 1880s, the knights of labor attempted to bridge boundaries of ethnicity, gender, ideology, race, and occupation to build a "universal brotherhood" of all workers
The Highway Act (1956) d
definition: The law authorized the construction of a 41,000-mile network of interstate highways that would span the nation. It also allocated $26 billion to pay for them. Under the terms of the law, the federal government would pay 90 percent of the cost of expressway construction.
The military-industrial complex d
definition: The military-industrial complex is an informal alliance between a nation's military and the defense industry that supplies it, seen together as a vested interest which influences public policy. Military-Industrial Complex is a term that denotes a symbiotic relationship between a nation's military, economy, and politics. The idea being that if the militarybecomes the biggest client for manufacturers then the nation will begin to invest more of its economy into military contracts.
NAACP d
definition: The mission of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is to secure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights in order to eliminate race-based discrimination and ensure the health and well-being of all persons.
Indian Boarding Schools d
definition: The project of the government and Christian reformers. They created residential schools that sought to assimilate the Indian youth to American customs. the boarding schools were seen as a way to break the native children from their tribal influences and mainstream American culture to replace such influence.
National War Labor Board (est. 1918) d
definition: The purpose of the National War Labor Board was to prevent strikes that would disrupt production in war industries. Its main activity was to prevent labor disputes during the cause of the war and also ensure that higher wage settlements did not result in inflation.
The South Vietnam Liberation Front (Viet Cong) d
definition: The role of National Liberation Front in Vietnam was to unite North and South Vietnam. The organization was formed by North Vietnam in December 1960. It also aimed at overthrowing South Vietnamese government. The "National Liberation Front" was formed to oppose the dictatorial rule of Ngo Dinh Diem.
Eugene "Bull" Connor d
definition: Theophilus Eugene "Bull" Connor was an American politician who served as Commissioner of Public Safety for the city of Birmingham, Alabama, for more than two decades.
Black Codes d
definition: These codes appeared shortly after the freedom of slaves after the civil war. These codes were to allow slave owners to regain control over the black population. It also allowed whites to segregate them and place them as second class citizens.
Reconstruction Act of 1867 d
definition: These where Military acts used to secure the South and restore political say. The military was to ensure separate Tennessee's admittance the rest of the previous states still needed to ratify the fourteenth amendment in order to rejoin the Union. As well and rewrite their previous constitutions.
The "new" immigration, 1880-1920 d
definition: They were a new group of immigrants coming into the United States that consisted of Italians, Slavs, Greeks, Jews, and Armenians. They came from both Southern and Eastern Europe, and also from the Middle East. , their numbers first began to increase, and the numbers continued to increase for the next three decades. Most of the immigrants came from peasant and poor backgrounds and boosted America's foreign-born population by 18 million. They were often discriminated against.
Dawses severally act 1887 d
definition: This act allowed the US government to treat Indians as individuals and thereby could singularly divide the land to each individual family allotments. This also allowed for native land to be decreased and the allotment of native land could go to white American's seeking land.
Naturalization Act of 1790 d
definition: This law limited naturalization to immigrants who were free white persons of good character. It thus excluded American Indians, indentured servants, slaves, free blacks, and Asians. It also provided for citizenship for the children of U.S. citizens born abroad, but specified that the right of citizenship did "not descend to persons whose fathers have never been resident in the United States".
Bear River Massacre 1863 d
definition: This massacre was the largest Native massacre. It took place on January 26th,1863. the massacre was caused by Californian volunteers. The massacre took place in present-day Idaho. The Californians attacked the village of the Shoshone. The native casualties totaled nearly 400 natives.
The "new" Ku Klux Klan d
definition: This was a new group formed after world war one. This was a group that was a Americanism ideal. they were concerned about Catholics Jews and foreigners and blacks. With the main goal of keeping the Anglo Saxon race the pure race.
General Mining Act of 1872 d
definition: This was to promote the mining of natural resources found in the west. These were things like silver, gold, other precious metals. This act was the proclamation of whoever finds a vain or strike of the precious metal owns the mining rights to such location.
Thurgood Marshall d
definition: Thurgood Marshall was an American lawyer who served as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court's first African-American justice
Philippines War (1898-1902) d
definition: US was given Philippines in the Treaty of Paris. Filipino rebels who were resting Spanish now revolt against the US because they felt betrayed. Because America was just supposed to step in to help Filipinos in their quest for independence.
The Ku Klux Klan d
definition: Where a group of radical extremists. They where pro-Anglo Saxon and anti-other races and religions but, Christian. They particularly took a larger role in black suppression and hate-crimes. They dressed in hoods and cloaks disguising themselves. They persecuted mostly blacks and white sympathizers. Out of those political leaders, church leaders, and black landowners where a very large target.
The Dust Bowl d
definition: Without the indigenous grasses in place, the high winds that occur on the plains picked up the topsoil and created the massive dust storms that marked the Dust Bowl period. The persistent dry weather caused crops to fail, leaving the plowed fields exposed to wind erosion.
Presidential Reconstruction d
definition: after Abraham Lincoln's assassination. Andrew Johnson was placed as the new president with the civil ware just recently ending. Johnson plans to reconstruct the south. He planned to pardon the south if the agreed to come back to the union by oath and pay fines, they also each state had to rewrite the constitution to favor blacks and whites alike. It was relatively simple for entrance to the united states.
Andrew Carnegie, The Gospel of Wealth National War Labor Board (est. 1918) (1889) d
definition: an essay written by Andrew Carnegie in 1889 that described the responsibility of philanthropy by the new upper class of self-made rich. The central thesis of Carnegie's essay was the peril of allowing large sums of money to be passed into the hands of persons or organizations ill-equipped mentally or emotionally to cope with them. Instead, Carnegie champions charity and distribution of the wealth.
The Berlin Wall d
definition: ditto Iron Curtain
The union league d
definition: it was an African American organization and facilitators of adapting and accepting new freedom status. They where also the defenders of black political power. The driving force preventing white lash back for use of these newfound freedoms.
The homestead act 1862 d
definition: laws signed by President Lincoln. This act was to increase westward expansion and promote the cultivation of the land. The act decreed anyone who is a citizen or endeavoring to be so and had not put up arms against the US could be allotted 160 acres in the west for them to farm and develop.
The Holocaust d
definition: means "Burnt Offering". Word became common during the 1960's. Symbolic for the way the Jews saw what happened also the totality of the genocide. 6 million Jews were killed. 5 Million others were killed: gypsies, Jehovahs Witnesses, labor leaders, socialists, communists, homosexuals, and the mentally and physically disabled.
The "iron curtain" d
definition: named by Winston churchill The Iron Curtain was initially a non-physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991. The term symbolizes the efforts by the Soviet Union to block itself and its satellite states from open contact with the West and its allied states.
Ho Chi Minh d
definition: o Chi Minh first emerged as an outspoken voice for Vietnamese independence while living as a young man in France during World War I. Inspired by the Bolshevik Revolution, he joined the Communist Party and traveled to the Soviet Union. He helped found the Indochinese Communist Party in 1930 and the League for the Independence of Vietnam, or Viet Minh, in 1941. At World War II's end, Viet Minh forces seized the northern Vietnamese city of Hanoi and declared a Democratic State of Vietnam (or North Vietnam) with Ho as president.
Political Machine d
definition: political entities controlled by a boss that wielded enormous influence over the government of urban cities. Very corrupt, controlled tax rates, gave tax breaks to their allies and controlled prices and business, etc. Stole millions from taxpayers using fraud and over inflation.
Asiatic Barred Zone d
definition: the Immigration act of 1917 was one that created a regional barred zone that included most of Asia and it's neighbors from entering the US legally. These were the Chinese, Japanese, other adjacent countries.
Ngo Dinh Diem d
definition: was a Vietnamese politician. He was the final prime minister of the State of Vietnam, and then served as President of South Vietnam from 1955 until he was deposed and assassinated during the 1963 military coup.
The Espionage Act (1917) d
definition:Enacted soon after the United States entered World War I in 1917, the Espionage Act prohibited individuals from expressing or publishing opinions that would interfere with the U.S. military's efforts to defeat Germany and its allies.
Populist Party d
definition:It was a political group made of Urban and Rural labors. that gained much support to fight political unfairness. They used a progressive even radical platform. James B. Weaver ran as their presidential candidate in 1892. They had an impressive voter turnout. but later could not get Democratic nominee Bryan Jennings into office and lost affluence and power there after.
Marcus Garvey, Declaration of Rights d
definition:Marcus Garvey was an orator for the Black Nationalism and Pan-Africanism movements, to which end he founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League. Garvey advanced a Pan-African philosophy which inspired a global mass movement, known as Garveyism.
Johnson-Reid Act (1924) d
definition:On this day in 1924, President Calvin Coolidge signed into law the Johnson-Reed Act, which established a permanent race-based quota system for immigration to America. The law excluded those ineligible for citizenship (that is, Asians and Africans), and moved immigration inspection from American ports to foreign ones.
Presidential Reconstruction s
significance Because Abraham had died many of Lincoln's goals he fought for would not come to be for a gap period of time. Because Andrew Johnson believed is the abolition of slavery but, not in African American rights including the right of sufferage. Johnson reconstruction slows the process of black rights. The momentum for freedom was lost for blacks.
The "new" immigration, 1880-1920 s
significance: A new wave of immigrants, from eastern and southern Europe, frightened Americans because of the emigrant's customs, different faiths, illiteracy, and poverty, and their willingness to work as cheap laborers in the unskilled workforce. This wave of immigrants also causes the building and domination of immigrants in the city.
The "Good War" s
significance: After all, this "good war" brought mass destruction; death to tens of millions of men, women, and children; and enormous suffering to many more. ... Well, that description comes from the war's popular portrayal as a necessary Manichean struggle between the good Allied powers and the evil Axis powers
Philippines War (1898-1902) s
significance: After brutal Warfare the US is victorious and continues their claim to Philippines until after WW2. This conquest increases American willingness to claim other advantageous territories and build up government Favorable to US power and influence.
The baby boom s
significance: Baby boomers were impacted by the ways in which society changed after the post war years. Ideas about gender, family, and sexuality underwent a great change. Concepts such parenthood, aging, retirement, labor, and so on were redefined. Even when they were old, baby boomers preferred to be active and involved.
Deskilling s
significance: Because these skilled workers were not absolutely sure they could still have a job or maintain wages. Much dislike was pointed to the cheap immigrant labor that seemed to be taking the American's job. Causing tensions to strain and unfair treatment for the new migrants.
The military-industrial complex s
significance: Benefits of the Military Industrial Complex of the United States include the advancement of the civilian technology market as civilian companies benefit from innovations from the MIC and vice versa.
Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (1963) s
significance: Best known for starting the "Second Wave" of feminism through the writing of her book "The Feminine Mystique". was founded in 1966 by feminists calling for equal employment opportunities and equal pay for women. also came to advocate an equal rights amendment, changes in divorce laws, and legalization of abortion.
"Black Tuesday" s
significance: Black Tuesday refers to October 29, 1929, when panicked sellers traded nearly 16 million shares on the New York Stock Exchange (four times the normal volume at the time), and the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell -12%. Black Tuesday is often cited as the beginning of the Great Depression.
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS, 1954 s
significance: Brown Versus Board of Education Helps Launch Civil Rights Movement. Brown versus Board of Education is one of the country's most important cases. It overturned an earlier Supreme Court decision, and it helped launch the civil rights movement. ... The reason related to a Supreme Court decision from 1896
Andrew Carnegie, The Gospel of Wealth National War Labor Board (est. 1918) (1889) s
significance: Carnegie's, writing were highly influential in the spreading of the wealth among the poor and the rich. Each person knowing the value of the proper placement of a penny into the right hands. It cause large breakdown of some of the largest centralized wealth that created such a wide gap in the US at the time.
National Labor Relations Board s
significance: Congress enacted the National Labor Relations Act ("NLRA") in 1935 to protect the rights of employees and employers, to encourage collective bargaining, and to curtail certain private sector labor and management practices, which can harm the general welfare of workers, businesses and the U.S. economy.
Decolonization s
significance: Decolonization was a major turning point because it completely changed the balance of power in the world. ... Decolonization destroyed the power of empires, suddenly most of the world became sovereign. Britain and other former empires still retained power, but through economy and alliance, not colonies.
W.E.B. DuBois s
significance: DuBois became the editor of the organization's journal, The Crisis, the founding board of directors consisted of white civil rights leaders. The NAACP used publicity, protests, lawsuits, and the editorial pages of The Crisis to attack racial segregation, discrimination, and the lynching of blacks. He continued to fight for civil rights in every way he deemed he could.
War Industries Board (est. 1917) s
significance: Financier Bernard Baruch led the WIB had the authority to order the conversion of industrial plants to wartime needs, such as telling Ford automobile plants they had to make army tanks and vehicles. They also ordered other factories to cease regular production and instead make bullets and machine guns.
Hawaiian statehood (1959) s
significance: Hawaii was targeted for annexation by the United States because it offered strategic economic and military opportunities. The United States found the region attractive due to its sugar plantations, which had enough capacity to produce products that would be used locally for both domestic and industrial purposes.
Plessy v. Ferguson s
significance: Plessy v. Ferguson was important because it essentially established the constitutionality of racial segregation. As a controlling legal precedent, it prevented constitutional challenges to racial segregation for more than half a century. By the ruling made that "separate but equal" was okay.
New lands Resolution, 1898 s
significance: President William McKinley annexed Hawaii. as a result of the Spanish American War, the United States needed access to natural resources and additional citizens Hawaii was a valuable naval base and the annexation of Hawaii provided the t\ point of power needed to win the Spanish American war and gain greater land access
Students for a Democratic Society s
significance: Student activism or campus activism is to work by students to cause political, environmental, economic, or social change. Although often focused on schools, curriculum, and educational funding, student groups have influenced greater political events.
Johnson-Reid Act (1924) s
significance: Th established the nation's first numerical limits on the number of immigrants who could enter the United States. Also made the quotas stricter and permanent.
Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act s
significance: The Act and tariffs imposed by America's trading partners in retaliation were major factors of the reduction of American exports and imports by 67% during the Depression. Economists and economic historians have a consensus view that the passage of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff exacerbated the Great Depression.
Spanish-American War (1898) s
significance: The American Role in the war was one that was a power shift from Spain hold on a few separate countries like Cuba and the Philippines to American governed countries. This continues to promote power and expatiation. The US still remains to have a great influence on each country as well as military and government affluence located in that country today particularly in Cuba.
The Cold War s
significance: The Cold War was the most important political issue of the early postwar period. It grew out of longstanding disagreements between the Soviet Union and the United States. ... Reduced trade barriers, it was believed, would promote economic growth at home and abroad, and bolster stability with U.S. friends and allies.
Marcus Garvey, Declaration of Rights s
significance: The Declaration of Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World was drafted and adopted at the Convention of the Universal Negro Improvement Association held in New York City's Madison Square Garden on August 13, 1920. Marcus Garvey presided over the occasion as Chairman.
The American Federation of Labor s
significance: The Federation provided access to trades and skilled jobs for those displaced in the movement of deskilling. Was because of their coin use of collective bargaining and lobbying for protection of these previously advantageous skill sets.
Populist Party s
significance: The Goals of the Populist party restore democracy. public ownership of railroads to guarantee farmers cheap access to market their crops. Government more involved in economy to regulate big business men who set up monopolies. However, did not last long due to defeat of republicans, however somewhat successful because they left a legacy for hope and their fighting issues became reality in the future
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964) s
significance: The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution that occurred in August 7, 1964, was one of the major turning points in the United States military involvement into the flow of the Vietnam War. The official title of the resolution was The Joint Resolution to Promote the Maintenance of International Peace and Security in Southeast Asia.
Dawses severally act 1887 s
significance: The Idea of breaking up the land came from the reformer assimilation idea. If the tribal community was broken up and natives constructed American centralized families. The would continue to assimilate and become culturally the same as white Americans. This reasoning was supported by the fact that the US desired the native land and allowed bias Ideologies to direct this act.
Insular Cases, 1901-1904 s
significance: The Insular Cases "authorized the colonial regime created by Congress, which allowed the United States to continue its administration—and exploitation—of the territories acquired from Spain after the Spanish-American War." These Supreme Court rulings allowed for the United States government to extend unilateral power
The Iran hostage crisis s
significance: The Iran Hostage Crisis, which lasted from 1979 to 1981, was the first time the United States was forced to deal with Islamic extremists. ... The students took action by seizing the United States embassy, which they saw as both a symbolic and tangible source of support for the Shah's authoritarian regime.
The "iron curtain" s
significance: The Iron Curtain greatly impacted the geographic, political, and economic landscape of Europe starting in 1945 and extending to the modern day. For one, the Iron Curtainphysically separated people from one another, often within their own countries.
The Ku Klux Klan s
significance: The Klan's dominance of the southern black population used the power of fear. The action was taken by the Klan's like bombings, beatings, and another bloodshed. Caused may southern African Americans to submit to the will of the white supremacist. They went many right freely given to them by the government in fear of retaliation.
The Knights of Labor s
significance: The Knight of labor however in the process of developing their fight against large common goal lost steam in learning how to deal with strikes. Despite best efforts strike turned to blood shed and the causes they were fighting for seem less an issue morally or in any sense and was the down fall of the Knights. From learning from the Knights mistake we learn things like the civil right peace movement to bring about change.
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom (1963) s
significance: The March on Washington helped create a new national understanding of the problems of racial and economic injustice. For one, it brought together demonstrators from around the country to share their respective encounters with labor discrimination and state-sponsored racism.
The Marshall Plan s
significance: The Marshall Plan was very successful. The western European countries involved experienced a rise in their gross national products of 15 to 25 percent during this period. The Marshall Plan, it should be noted, benefited the American economy as well. The money would be used to buy goods from the United States, and they had to be shipped across the Atlantic on American merchant vessels. ... (The aid was all economic; it didnot include military aid until after the Korean War.)
NAACP s
significance: The NAACP brought civil rights activists together to fight for equality. They were quite successful and even got the Supreme Court to declare the grandfather clause unconstitutional.
NATO s
significance: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) The Cold War was in full swing, as the Soviet Union was rising to power, capturing satellite countries. ... From its inception, its main purpose was to defend each other from the possibility of communist Soviet Union taking control of their nation.
The Black Panther Party s
significance: The Party instituted the Free Breakfast for Children Programs to address food injustice, and community health clinics for education and treatment of diseases including sickle cell anemia, tuberculosis, and later HIV/AIDS. Black Panther Party members were involved in many fatal firefights with police
SNCC s
significance: The SNCC, or Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee, was a civil-rights group formed to give younger blacks more of a voice in the civil rights movement. The SNCC soon became one of the movement's more radical branches.
Securities and Exchange Commission s
significance: The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) functions as a sort of watchdog over Wall Street, responsible for protecting investors, maintaining fair, orderly and efficient markets, and facilitating capital formation. ... The stock market crash of October 1929 immediately destroyed consumer confidence in financial markets.
SCLC s
significance: The Southern Christian Leadership Conference is an African-American civil rights organization. SCLC, which is closely associated with its first president, Martin Luther King Jr., had a large role in the American civil rights movement.
Strategic Defense Initiative s
significance: The Strategic Defense Initiative was a U.S. missile defense program that played a very prominent role in the U.S.-Soviet relationships in the 1980s and is often credited with helping end the Cold War, as it presented the Soviet Union with a technological challenge that it could not meet.
The Tet Offensive (1968) s
significance: The Tet Offensive played an important role in weakening U.S. public support for the war in Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh and leaders in Hanoi planned the Tet Offensive in the hopes of achieving a decisive victory that would end the grinding conflict that frustrated military leaders on both sides.
The Truman Doctrine (1947) s
significance: The Truman Doctrine was an American foreign policy whose stated purpose was to counter Soviet geopolitical expansion during the Cold War. ... The Truman Doctrinebecame the foundation of American foreign policy, and led, in 1949, to the formation of NATO, a military alliance that is still in effect
The United Nations s end
significance: The UN Charter sets out four main purposes: Maintaining worldwide peace and security. Developing relations among nations. Fostering cooperation between nations in order to solve economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian international problems.
Voting Rights Act (1965) s
significance: The Voting Rights Act of 1965, signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote as guaranteed under the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
Works Progress Administration s
significance: The Works Progress Administration (WPA) created millions of jobs on public-works projects. Workers built highways and public buildings, dredged rivers and harbors, and promoted soil and water conservation. Artists were hired to enhance public spaces. The Social Security Act created a pension system for retirees.
Congressional Reconstruction s
significance: The congressional reconstruction Reconstruction acts where major milestones in the fight for civil rights. These were the 13th, 14th, and 15th, amendments. allowing citizenship, rights, later down the road giving suffrage for black males.
The Domino Effect s
significance: The domino theory was a Cold War policy that suggested a communist government in one nation would quickly lead to communist takeovers in neighboring states, each falling like a perfectly aligned row of dominos. ... With the exception of Laos and Cambodia, communism failed to spread throughout Southeast Asia.
Scientific Management s
significance: The establishment of the management system caused a divide in workers and management. The once small personal companies were dominated by a large population and a managerial hierarchy. With the rise of big businesses, the individual worker was left to fend for themselves causing them to lose independence.
Irish potato famine s
significance: The famine cause a large amount of Irish Catholics to move to America's. Many Came in the poorest of conditions and very little with them and made up a large majority of the labor class immigrant who travels from Europe for the opportunity. This caused the beginning of American tensions with immigrants because of their dislikes.
Containment s
significance: The federal government would surround the south with free states, free territories, and free waters, building what they called a 'cordon of freedom' around slavery, hemming it in until the system's own internal weaknesses forced the slave states one by one to abandon slavery."
The Highway Act (1956) s
significance: The impact of the Interstate Highway System increased the ease of travel for Americans either for work or recreation. This accounted only for the Americans with access to a car.
The Dust Bowl s
significance: The massive dust storms caused farmers to lose their livelihoods and their homes. Deflation from the Depression aggravated the plight of Dust Bowl farmers. Prices for the crops they could grow fell below subsistence levels. In 1932, the federal government sent aid to the drought-affected states.
The union league s
significance: The organized developed black community and black rights. The organization built black schools and churches. They taught political and civic duties. They even helped facilitate the Republican party and African American leaders. This allowed the first foothold in freedom after the abolition of slavery.
OPEC s
significance: The purpose of OPEC for members is to "coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of its Member Countries and ensure the stabilization of oil markets in order to secure an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consumers, a steady income to producers and a fair return on capital for those investing in
Indian boarding schools s
significance: The schools often were more negative outcomes for the natives. The Indian children were separated from family culture, customs and they lost their previous homeland, this was hard on the morale of the boarding student. They often went back to the reserve gaining nothing from the experience. Those who had adapted found that after their education they did not belong in the whites world but, they could not go back to the reserve.
13th, 14th, 15th Amendments s
significance: The thirteen amendment grants the power to blacks so they could be free individuals. The fourteenth article established central citizenship for black to have. Finally, the Fifteenth Amendment provide black male suffrage.
Trade unions s
significance: The trade union developed in the nineteenth century provided a new model for labors across America providing the numbers needed in order to enact collective bargaining and creating a model for many of out various unions today.
Social Security Act s
significance: This Act provided for unemployment insurance, old-age insurance, and means-tested welfare programs. The Great Depression was clearly a catalyst for the Social Security Act of 1935, and some of its provisions—notably the means-tested programs—were intended to offer immediate relief to families.
Political Machine s
significance: This Gave the governing power of the people to the few with significant enough money to retain the peoples power. Money driven politics lead to continual Inequality and lack of freedom for america's people.
Booker T. Washington, Atlanta Adress s
significance: This Speech fits into the common ideas that could be accepted by those who were white who could deem the lack of work ethic of a black man that the racial suppression of the black that keeps the black man from his goal despite work ethic.
19th amendment s
significance: This Was the amendment that gave women the long fought for suffrage. Women could now vote. This increased the voting pool dramatically and allowed for new views to be expressed by voting power.
Reconstruction Act of 1867 s
significance: This allowed southerners their seat back in congress and passed the fourteenth. This gave equal rights to African American's. This did not end the tensions between whites and blacks in the south however but was merely a step toward civil rights.
General Mining Act of 1872 s
significance: This also increased expansion and increase in the foreign population seeking out their personal fortune on previously restricted federal grounds. This benefited the government because of the new resources available. This also continued to strain native relations as the once only natives land was restricted to promote more land for mining purposes and Native loss more and more of their independence in the south.
Bear River Massacre 1863 s
significance: This conflict where just one of a few massacres that continued to weaken Native forces. This was the precursor to many larger battles like the battle of Little Big Horn and the Battle of Wounded Knee which would be the ending battle of the US native conflict with the US being the victors.
The Homestead act 1862 s
significance: This greatly increased the westward expansion of almost all kinds of people who sought a fairground. However, it was a blow to the Natives who were pushed out and increasingly losing land to the homesteaders of the US.
Hart-Celler Act (1965) s
significance: This law granted citizenship to many illegal immigrants, incentivized employers to refrain from hiring undocumented immigrants, and increased surveillance along the Mexican-American border.
National War Labor Board (est. 1918) s
significance: This provided jobs for many who did not have jobs. Women, blacks and lower classes were able to move up and take new higher paying jobs not known by the people during the depression.
"the march of the flag" s
significance: This speech was the promoter of the new Islands Annexation particularly the Philippines. This supported the western idea of manifest destiny. As well as the more hostile assumptions of countries as an empire instead of a diplomat.
Asiatic Barred Zone s
significance: This was America first terming of the category of "Asian". This was also a significant show of American racism toward the barred zone countries. Would continue to develop against other immigrants as well. Those where informs of various tests.
Hawaiian Renaissance s
significance: This was a large new cultural experience for the changed Island. Hawaii culture was once again in the fore front and the ways of the Hawaiian kingdom preserved.
Ku'e Petitions s
significance: This was one of the largest of a couple different organized Hawaiian protests. The Petition was sent around all the Island each pleading for separate independence. This helped prolong the US in the Annexation process and even had some US congressman convinced but ultimately was ignored.
17th Amendment s
significance: This was part of the process of preventing the corruption of politics by giving back the people their power. This was to allow the people to select bother leaders because of previously nonpartisan appointees placed in the senate.
The American Civil Liberties Union s
significance: This was the begin of progressivism and increased fight for freedoms for the majorities. started movement of equality.
The Farmers' Alliance s
significance: This was the remaining portion of the people involved with Jeffersonian agrarian ideals. The Farmer Alliance was able by the power and support of one another to achieve personal change in railroads, cost of production and selling points, They created a community so that farmers could have access or lobby what was needed in order to not be sacrificed to " Big Businesses".
Naturalization Act of 1790 s
significance: This was the start of immigrant regulation in a time of previously unregulated immigration. This also set forth citizenship and who counted. The Act only included white males and left out the Chinese, slaves, indenture servants, and women.
Thurgood Marshall s
significance: Thurgood Marshall was an American lawyer who served as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court's first African-American justice
The compromise of 1877 s
significance: To put Rutherford B Hayes as a president the Republican party gave up a large amount. With the withdrawal of the northern forces the period of reconstruction ended. Lack of northern enforcement and supervision left black African American's to fend for themselves. Southern corruption quickly took hold regressing the civil rights for blacks in the south.
U.S Steel s
significance: United States Steel, was the first billion-dollar company and also the largest enterprise in the world, employing 168,000 people and controlling over 3/5th of the nation's steel business. this signifies a large amount of power and strength of the Big businesses.
The Holocaust s
significance: Was a large reason for the U.S continual support and involvement in the war.
NAACP s
significance: When the NAACP is not fighting legal battles in the courtroom, it is flexing its legislative muscle by lobbying congress. ... Protest at the grassroots community level was and continues to be another way for the NAACP to advance its goals and further influence social, economic, and political change.
Suburbanization s
significance: With the growth of suburbanization and the spread of people living outside the city this can cause negative impacts on the environment. Suburbanization has been linked to the increase in vehicle mileage, increase land use, and increase in residential energy consumption.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation s
significance: Within six months of the creation of the FDIC, 97% of all commercial bank deposits were covered by insurance. The FDIC has been a successful institution because it solved a well-defined problem--uncertainty about the solvency of the banks
The Espionage Act (1917) s
significance: World war I was not as popular. This acts not only limits free speech. but, its Americas turn away from isolationism.
The Sedition Act (1918) s
significance: World war I was not as popular. This acts not only limits free speech. but, its Americas turn away from isolationism.
The GI Bill s
significance: Yet discrimination would continue despite the GI Bill. Loans made possible by the Veterans Administration, another benefit of the GI Bill, helped give momentum to an already-booming housing market. that providing free higher education to so many Americans changed the world by creating the modern knowledge economy
The Berlin Wall s
significance: ditto Iron Curtain
Ho Chi Minh s
significance: o Chi Minh first emerged as an outspoken voice for Vietnamese independence while living as a young man in France during World War I. Inspired by the Bolshevik Revolution, he joined the Communist Party and traveled to the Soviet Union. He helped found the Indochinese Communist Party in 1930 and the League for the Independence of Vietnam, or Viet Minh, in 1941. At World War II's end, Viet Minh forces seized the northern Vietnamese city of Hanoi and declared a Democratic State of Vietnam (or North Vietnam) with Ho as president.
Adlai Stevenson, A Purpose for Modern Women s
significance: supporters of the cult of domesticity eventually prompted a movement in terms of women's rights, when around 1960 the second wave of the feminist movement took place.
Black Codes s
significance: these black codes were also known as the Jim Crow laws. These laws prevented blacks from the freedoms granted by the amendments. these codes also provided the white farmers with new ways to achieve free black labor similar to slavery.
The "new" Ku Klux Klan s
significance: this later after the dispensation after Jim crow. Was more the revival of racism anti american sentiment. Minorities were the targets widening the pool of victims.
Ngo Dinh Diem s
significance: was South Vietnam's first premier and president. Leader of South Vietnam after the 1954 partition, he initially provided inspiring leadership but later became dictatorial when pressed by the Vietcong assault against his government.
Freedmen's Bureau s
significants: The aid helped develop the south and help establish black as freemen. The Bureau provided food, medicine, helped establish schools, give law advice and most importantly helped new African freemen establish and attain new lands. This help black communities get a foot in the door for later opportunities for freedom.