History 2.2

The Peloponnesian War began as a commercial rivalry between Athens and:

Corinth

Greek civilization probably began on the island of:

Crete

Persian leader

Cyrus

A person who came to power outside of constitutional means was known as a(n):

Despot

Astronomer, concluded everything comes from water

Thales

The result of Pericles' death was:

A political vacuum

The early history of the Greek peoples took place on the shores of the:

Aegean Sea

After Aristotle, the seat of Greek philosophy and science moved to:

Alexandria

An administrator appointed by the Athens Council was called a(n):

Archon

Plato's greatest student

Aristotle

The two most important Greek city-states between 700 and 500 B.C. were:

Athens Sparta

What aspects of the economy were essential to keep Greece thriving?

Because the land was hard and rocky, the Greeks relied on raising sheep and goats, and fishing was also important. Colonization and commerce were vital to the Greek economy because of the struggle of farming.

narrow strait of water between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea

Bosporous

The period in Greece from Homer to about 330 B.C. is known as:

Classical Period

The Greek ruler who changed the basis of representation from families to territories was:

Cleisthenes

Alexander founded the city of Alexandria in the country of ______.

Egypt

Knossos was excavated in the twentieth century by the English archaeologist, Sir Arthur:

Evans

True/false Alexander the Great had the goal of fusing the north and south into one empire.

False

True/false Although it was great in its time, Greek art and architecture have disappeared over the centuries, and we do not know what they looked like.

False

True/false Delphi was a major Greek shipbuilding center.

False

True/false Most Greeks were monotheists-they believed in only one god.

False

True/false Philip always treated with great kindness the people he defeated.

False

True/false The attitude of Athenians toward themselves and their empire can be described as one of humility.

False

True/false Years of fighting the Peloponnesian War strengthened the Greek states.

False

Compare and contrast the ideologies of Sparta and Greece.

Greece was one of the earliest forms of democracy and believed that people should have some form of freedom while Sparta was a controlling system which people had little to no freedom. Sparta was also authoritarian and had more interest in war. Greece, however, was more concerned with trade.

Troy was located at the straits known as the:

Hellespont

Wrote a history of Egypt still used today

Herodotus

The Trojan War was best described by the Greek poet:

Homer

Wrote the Odyssey and Iliad

Homer

To impress on the minds of others by frequent repetition; teach persistently.

Inculcate

The right of ordinary citizens to introduce or enact new laws on their own by vote.

Initiative

The first Greek capital was located at:

Knossos

humiliating Persian defeat

Marathon

During the Peloponnesian War the Athenians massacred the men of:

Melos

The massive ruins on Knossos were the remains of the palace of King:

Minos

Clay tablets found on Crete indicate a conquest of the island around 1500 B.C. by invaders from:

Mycenae

Two modern states characterized by Spartan suppression of the individual are:

Nazi Germany Communist Russia

Government in which a few people hold the ruling power

Oligarchy

Method of temporary banishment practiced in Athens; now the condition of being shut off deliberately from others in society.

Ostracism

The ruler over the "Golden Age" of Athens was:

Pericles

What was the significance of the building of the Parthenon?

Pericles saved up a fund to be used for war. Much of this money was used to equip the navy, but some of it was used fund the building of Parthenon. The Parthenon served as a temple to the goddess Athena. The building was magnificent architecturally.

burned Athens after victory at Thermopylae

Persians

Describe the military conquests of Philip of Persia. Why was Philip so keen to conquer the Greek states? What concessions did he eventually allow for some Greek states to have?

Phillip was an admirer of Greek culture and waited to enter Greece as a liberator. He soon captured two major Greek shrines. He permitted some local autonomy after he took control of most of Greece, but every state had to be in a Pan-Hellenic League.

Wrote a utopian treatise called the Republic

Plato

Famous mathematician

Pythagoras

Athenian naval victory

Salamis

Philosopher that taught by asking questions

Socrates

Every four years Greek athletes met near the west coast of the Peloponnesus for the:

The Olympic Games

What is the significance of the Greeks having an altar to an "unknown God"?

The significance of the Greeks having an altar to an unknown God is even amid all of the other gods they worshipped, they were still aware of a God who existed but they did not know. They chose to have an altar to an "unknown God" because they knew He existed, but they were waiting for Him to really reveal Himself to them.

In Sparta all authority was considered to come from _______.

The state

Government that suppresses all opposition and controls all aspects of people's lives

Totalitarian

Heinrich Schliemann, the archaeologist, excavated ancient:

Troy

True/false Athens was a limited democracy because some classes did not have full rights.

True

True/false Macedonia was a strong state located north of Greece.

True

True/false Philip of Macedonia was finally able to defeat the Greek states and bring them under his control.

True

True/false The Roman culture rose from the ruins of ancient Greece.

True

True/false The chief god of all the Greek gods was Zeus.

True

True/false The greatest example of Greek architecture was the Parthenon in Athens.

True

True/false Two features of Athens' Golden Age were energetic commerce and culture.

True

An ideal society.

Utopia

Alexander declared that Alexandria was destined to be the outstanding _______ center of the Mediterranean world.

academic

Greed for wealth

avarice

The powers Solon was given to control the arguing factions of Athens are called:

dictatorial

The right to vote

franchise

The philosopher Socrates was executed for:

his beliefs

The period in Greece from around 1100 to 750 B.C. was one of:

invasions migrations

A common language used for trade or communication by people speaking different languages.

lingua franca

Sophocles, Aeschylus, and Aristophanes were famous Athenian ________.

playwrights

Two causes for Greek colonization and expansion throughout the Mediterranean were:

poor soil for agriculture overcrowding of city-states

Assume without proof; take for granted.

postulate

Direct vote by citizens on a bill already passed by a lawmaking body.

referendum

Greeks turned early to fishing and commerce because the Greek soil was too:

rocky to farm

After his death, Alexander's empire was divided into _____ parts.

three

According to Homer, Troy was conquered through a trick involving a:

wooden horse