History 28-29 Test

Francisco ("Pancho") Villa (Identify the historical significance) All choices are correct. Villa tried to provoke the United States into war by going on a killing spree north of the border in New Mexico. President Wilson dispatched General John J. "Black Jack" Pershing in an attempt to capture Villa, but the expedition ended in defeat for American forces. A combination of bandit and Robin Hood, Villa emerged as a chief rival to Mexican president Carranza.

All choices are correct.

Hiram W. Johnson (Identify the historical significance) In 1917 he entered the Senate, where he proved an isolationist in foreign affairs. He is famous for declaring that "the first casualty when war comes is truth." Elected Republican governor of California in 1910, Johnson oversaw numerous progressive reforms, including the passage of woman suffrage at the state level. All choices are correct.

All choices are correct.

Ida Tarbell (Identify the historical significance) The most eminent woman in the muckraking movement and one of the most respected business historians of her generation. In 1904 she earned a national reputation for publishing a scathing history of the Standard Oil Company, the "Mother of Trusts." All choices are correct. Two years after her publication of "Mother of Trusts," she joined Ray Stannard Baker, William Allen White, and other muckrakers in purchasing The American Magazine, which became a journalistic podium in their campaign for honest government and an end to business abuses.

All choices are correct.

Industrial Workers of the World (Identify the historical significance) All choices are correct. At its peak in 1923, it could claim 100,000 members and could gain the support of 300,000. The IWW, also known as the "Wobblies," was a radical organization that sought to build "one big union" and advocated industrial sabotage in defense of that goal. The IWW particularly appealed to migratory workers in agriculture and lumbering and to miners, all of whom suffered from horrific working conditions.

All choices are correct.

John Muir (Identify the historical significance) His writings and philosophy shaped the formation of the modern environmental movement. In 1892 he founded the Sierra Club, which is now one of the most influential conservation organizations in the United States. All choices are correct. This noted naturalist split with conservationists like Gifford Pinchot by trying to protect natural "temples" like the Hetch Hetchy Valley from development.

All choices are correct.

Lusitania (Identify the historical significance) All choices are correct. The death toll was including 128 Americans, and pushed the United States closer to war. British passenger liner that sank after it was torpedoed by Germany on May 7, 1915. It ended the lives of 1198 people.

All choices are correct.

Meat Inspection Act (Identify the historical significance) All choices are correct. A law passed by Congress to subject meat shipped over state lines to federal inspection. The publication of Upton Sinclair's novel The Jungle earlier that year so disgusted American consumers with its description of conditions in slaughterhouses and meatpacking plants. It mobilized public support for government action.

All choices are correct.

Muckrakers (Identify the historical significance) All choices are correct. Their subjects included business manipulation of government, white slavers, child labor, and the illegal deeds of the trusts and helped spur the passage of reform legislation. Bright young reporters at the turn of the twentieth century who won this unfavorable moniker from Theodore Roosevelt but boosted the circulations of their magazines by writing exposés of widespread corruption in American society. Were just early examples of what we would call investigative reporting today.

All choices are correct.

New Freedom (Identify the historical significance) Platform of reforms advocated by Woodrow Wilson in his first presidential campaign. Wilson's platform included stronger antitrust legislation to protect small business enterprises from monopolies, banking reform, and tariff reductions. Wilson's strategy involved taking action to increase opportunities for capitalist competition rather than increasing government regulation of large trusts. All choices are correct.

All choices are correct.

Panic of 1907 (Identify the historical significance) A financial panic that gripped the United States in October 1907, triggering widespread bankruptcies and causing the stock market to lose half its value from the previous year. Staunched only by J. P. Morgan's timely intervention, the panic eventually led to the creation of the Federal Reserve in 1913. It was the last time that a major financial crisis was resolved by private means. All choices are correct.

All choices are correct.

Pure Food and Drug Act (Identify the historical significance) All choices are correct. A law passed by Congress to inspect and regulate the labeling of all foods and pharmaceuticals intended for human consumption. This legislation, and additional provisions passed in 1911 to strengthen it, aimed particularly at the patent medicine industry. The more comprehensive Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 largely replaced this legislation.

All choices are correct.

Treaty of Versailles (Identify the historical significance) . All choices are correct. Signed in France's famed palace after six months of tough negotiations, it established the terms of settlement of the First World War between Germany and the Allied and Associated Powers (most notably France, Britain, Italy, and the United States). Article 231, soon dubbed "the war guilt clause," blamed the war on Germany as justification for forcing German disarmament and saddling Germany with heavy reparations payments to the Allied victors. Germans detested the treaty as too harsh, the French feared it was too weak to prevent future aggression, and the U.S. Senate rejected it, largely because it obliged the United States to join the League of Nations.

All choices are correct.

Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire (Identify the historical significance) When it was later determined that the fatalities could have been avoided by adhering to proper fire codes—such as leaving the stairwell and exit doors unlocked. The incident sparked widespread outrage and inspired legislation to improve workplace safety. On March 25, 1911, a ferocious blaze broke out in the Triangle Shirtwaist Company factory in New York City, resulting in 146 worker deaths. All choices are correct.

All choices are correct.

Australian Ballot (Identify the historical significance) All of the choices are correct. A system that allows voters privacy in marking their ballot choices. Developed in Australia in the 1850s. It was introduced to the United States during the progressive era to help counteract boss rule.

All of the choices are correct.

Which of President Taft's initiatives infuriated former President Roosevelt? The dissolution of the Standard Oil Company. The Supreme Court's famous "rule of reason." An antitrust act against the U.S. Steel Corporation. The practice of dollar diplomacy. The creation of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.

An antitrust act against the U.S. Steel Corporation

Which of the following objectives was NOT considered part of Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal? expanding America's international influence protecting business from extreme union demands controlling the corporations conserving America's natural resources providing consumer protection

expanding America's international influence

Florence Kelley's efforts helped lead many states to end the practice machine politics. segregation of public facilities. yellow-dog contacts. the Australian ballot. child labor.

child labor.

U.S. involvement in Latin America Woodrow Wilson began his presidency promoting anti-imperialism. But events in Latin America quickly tested his commitment to that position. Drawing on the following map of the United States and the Caribbean as well as the textbook, answer the following questions about U.S. involvement in Latin America during Wilson's administration. Match each location with the statement that best describes the action that Woodrow Wilson took toward it during his presidency. 1. Haiti 2. Dominican Republic 3. Veracruz 4. Panama .

1.Sent troops there in 1915, initiating nineteen-year occupation. 2.Sent troops there in 1916, initiating eight-year occupation. 3.Deployed navy there in 1914 to stop arms shipment from Germany. 4.Pushed Congress to repeal toll exemptions for American ships traveling there.

Schenck v. United States (Identify the historical significance) A Supreme Court decision that upheld the Adamson Act, reasoning that freedom of speech could be encouraged when it posed a "clear and present danger" to the nation. A Supreme Court decision that upheld the Espionage and Sedition Acts, reasoning that freedom of speech could be curtailed when it posed a "clear and present danger" to the nation. A Supreme Court decision that upheld the Jones Act, reasoning that freedom of speech could be curtailed when it posed a "no danger" to the nation. A Supreme Court decision that upheld the Clayton Anti-Trust Act, reasoning that freedom of trade could be curtailed when it posed a "clear and present danger" to the nation.

A Supreme Court decision that upheld the Espionage and Sedition Acts, reasoning that freedom of speech could be curtailed when it posed a "clear and present danger" to the nation.

Fedral Trade Commission Act (Identify the historical significance) Designed to appeal to new women voters, this act provided federally financed instruction in maternal and infant health care and expanded the role of government in family welfare. A banner accomplishment of Woodrow Wilson's administration, this law empowered a standing, presidentially appointed commission to investigate illegal business practices in interstate commerce like unlawful competition, false advertising, and mislabeling of goods. Passed under Woodrow Wilson, this law granted assistance to federal civil-service employees during periods of disability. It was a precursor to labor-friendly legislation passed during the New Deal. Law extending the anti-trust protections of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act and exempting labor unions and agricultural organizations from antimonopoly constraints. The act conferred long-overdue benefits on labor.

A banner accomplishment of Woodrow Wilson's administration, this law empowered a standing, presidentially appointed commission to investigate illegal business practices in interstate commerce like unlawful competition, false advertising, and mislabeling of goods.

What did Republican isolationists successfully turn Warren Harding's 1920 presidential victory into? A mandate for international arms reduction A crusade against Bolshevik communism. A death sentence for the League of Nations A victory for idealism and social tolerance A guarantee of U.S. military withdrawal from Latin America

A death sentence for the League of Nations

Gifford Pinchot (Identify the historical significance) A friend of Theodore Roosevelt, Pinchot was the head of the federal Division of Forestry and a noted conservationist who wanted to protect, but also use, the nation's natural resources, such as forests and rivers. In 1922 he won election to the Pennsylvania governor's mansion on the Democratic ticket. A friend of Theodore Roosevelt, Pinchot was the head of the federal Division of Ocean Research and a noted conservationist who wanted to protect, but also use, the nation's natural resources, such as forests and rivers. In 1922 he won election to the Pennsylvania governor's mansion on the Republican ticket. A friend of Theodore Roosevelt, Pinchot was the head of the federal Division of Forestry and a noted conservationist who wanted to protect, but also use, the nation's natural resources, such as forests and rivers. In 1922 he won election to the Pennsylvania governor's mansion on the Republican ticket. A friend of William Howard Taft, Pinchot was the head of the federal Division of Forestry and a noted conservationist who wanted to protect, but also use, the nation's natural resources, such as forests and rivers. In 1922 he won election to the Pennsylvania governor's mansion on the Republican ticket.

A friend of Theodore Roosevelt, Pinchot was the head of the federal Division of Forestry and a noted conservationist who wanted to protect, but also use, the nation's natural resources, such as forests and rivers. In 1922 he won election to the Pennsylvania governor's mansion on the Republican ticket.

Committee on Public Information (Identify the historical significance) It regularly distributed prowar propaganda and sent out an army of "Twenty-minute men" to rally crowds and deliver "patriotic pep." A government office during World War I known popularly as the Hoover Committee for its chairman Herbert Hoover, it was dedicated to winning everyday Americans' support for the war effort. None of the choices are correct. A government office during World War I known popularly as the Creel Committee for its chairman George Creel, it was dedicated to winning everyday Americans' support for the war effort. It regularly distributed prowar propaganda and sent out an army of "four-minute men" to rally crowds and deliver "patriotic pep."

A government office during World War I known popularly as the Creel Committee for its chairman George Creel, it was dedicated to winning everyday Americans' support for the war effort. It regularly distributed prowar propaganda and sent out an army of "four-minute men" to rally crowds and deliver "patriotic pep."

Muller v Oregon (Identify the historical significance) Coming on the heels of Smith v. New York, it established a different standard for male and female workers. Improved equal rights for women. A landmark Supreme Court case in which crusading attorney (and future Supreme Court justice) Louis D. Brandeis persuaded the Supreme Court to accept the constitutionality of limiting the hours of women workers. All choices are correct

A landmark Supreme Court case in which crusading attorney (and future Supreme Court justice) Louis D. Brandeis persuaded the Supreme Court to accept the constitutionality of limiting the hours of women workers.

Espionage Act (Identify the historical significance) A Supreme Court decision that upheld the Espionage and Sedition Acts, reasoning that freedom of speech could be curtailed when it posed a "clear and present danger" to the nation. A law prohibiting interference with the draft and other acts of national "disloyalty." Together with the Sedition Act of 1918, which added penalties for abusing the government in writing, it created a climate that was unfriendly to civil liberties. This constitutional amendment, finally passed by Congress in 1919 and ratified in 1920, gave women the right to vote over seventy years after the first organized calls for woman's suffrage in Seneca Falls, New York. Designed to appeal to new women voters, this act provided federally financed instruction in maternal and infant health care and expanded the role of government in family welfare.

A law prohibiting interference with the draft and other acts of national "disloyalty." Together with the Sedition Act of 1918, which added penalties for abusing the government in writing, it created a climate that was unfriendly to civil liberties.

Recall (Identify the historical significance) A progressive ballot procedure allowing voters to cancel elections. A progressive ballot procedure allowing voters to remove bills from the ballot. A progressive ballot procedure allowing voters to remove elected officials from office. A conservative ballot procedure allowing voters to censure elected officials .

A progressive ballot procedure allowing voters to remove elected officials from office.

Initiative (Identify the historical significance) Promoted a socialist system of government. Like the referendum and recall, it took democracy away from the people and helped foster a shift toward big business politics. A progressive reform measure allowing voters to petition to have a law placed on the general ballot. None of the choices are correct.

A progressive reform measure allowing voters to petition to have a law placed on the general ballot.

Fourteen Points (Identify the historical significance) Woodrow Wilson's proposal to ensure peace after World War I, also called for national self-determination, and a new league of nations. Wilson's peace plan that was never signed by the United States government. All choices are correct. Woodrow Wilson's proposal to ensure peace after World War I, calling for an end to secret treaties, widespread arms reduction.

All choices are correct.

Referendum (Identify the historical significance) A conservative reform procedure allowing voters to place a bill on the ballot for final approval, even after being passed by the legislature. A progressive reform procedure allowing voters to place a bill on the ballot for final approval, even after being passed by the legislature. A progressive reform procedure allowing voters to remove a bill from the ballot, even if it was passed by the legislature. None of the choices are correct.

A progressive reform procedure allowing voters to place a bill on the ballot for final approval, even after being passed by the legislature.

Louis D. Brandeis (Identify the historical significance) A progressive-minded confidant of Woodrow Wilson, Brandeis was the litigator behind Lochner v. New York. In 1916, Wilson made him the first Jewish American to be appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court. None of the choices are correct. A progressive-minded confidant of Woodrow Wilson, Brandeis was the litigator behind Muller v. Oregon. In 1916, Wilson made him the first Jewish American to be appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court. A progressive-minded confidant of Woodrow Wilson, Brandeis was the litigator behind Muller v. Oregon. In 1916, Wilson made him the first African American to be appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court.

A progressive-minded confidant of Woodrow Wilson, Brandeis was the litigator behind Muller v. Oregon. In 1916, Wilson made him the first Jewish American to be appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court.

Henry Cabot Lodge (Identify the historical significance) A prominent Republican senator from Massachusetts, Lodge was chair of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and a persistent thorn in President Wilson's internationalist side when he crusaded against the League of Nations. A prominent Democratic senator from Massachusetts, Lodge was chair of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and a persistent thorn in President Wilson's internationalist side when he crusaded against the League of Nations. None of the choices are correct. A prominent Republican senator from Nre York, Lodge was chair of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and a persistent thorn in President Wilson's internationalist side when he crusaded against the League of Nations.

A prominent Republican senator from Massachusetts, Lodge was chair of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and a persistent thorn in President Wilson's internationalist side when he crusaded against the League of Nations.

Florence Kelly (Identify the historical significance) This noted naturalist split with conservationists like Gifford Pinchot by trying to protect natural "temples" like the Hetch Hetchy Valley from development. he most eminent woman in the muckraking movement and one of the most respected business historians of her generation. A tireless crusader for women's and labor rights, Kelley was Illinois's first chief factory inspector and a leader of the National Consumers League, an organization dedicated to improving working conditions for women and children. Kelley also went on to help found the NAACP. This pious leader of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union wished to eliminate the sale of alcohol and thereby "make the world more homelike."

A tireless crusader for women's and labor rights, Kelley was Illinois's first chief factory inspector and a leader of the National Consumers League, an organization dedicated to improving working conditions for women and children. Kelley also went on to help found the NAACP.

League of Nations (Identify the historical significance) All choices are correct. Despite emotional appeals by Wilson, America signed the Treaty of Versailles in 1920. A world organization of national governments proposed by President Woodrow Wilson and established by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. It worked to facilitate military international cooperation.

A world organization of national governments proposed by President Woodrow Wilson and established by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.

Adamson Act (Identify the historical significance) The law was upheld by the Supreme Court in Wilson v. New (1917). This law established an eight-hour day for all employees on trains involved in interstate commerce, with extra pay for overtime. All choices are correct. The first federal law regulating the hours of workers in private companies.

All choices are correct.

Alice Paul (Identify the historical significance) A leading suffragist, feminist, and antiwar activist. The Quaker-raised Paul worked with the Women's Social and Political Union in Great Britain and the National American Woman Suffrage Association in the United States before cofounding the National Woman's party (NWP) in 1916. . All choices are correct. The NWP combined militant feminist protest action with controversial opposition to America's involvement in World War I, and in 1923 it launched the movement for an Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution.

All choices are correct.

American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) (Identify the historical significance) Units of the AEF fought at Cantigny in May and at Chateau Thierry and Belleau Wood in June; its major engagements were at Saint Mihiel (September 12-15) and the Meuse-Argonne (September 26-November 11). Because the United States entered the war so late, by the time the AEF was raised, trained, and deployed, the war was in its last year (1918). The name given to the U.S. Army force deployed to Europe in World War I commanded by General John J. Pershing and composed mostly of conscripts. All choices are correct.

All choices are correct.

Clayton Anti-Trust Act (Identify the historical significance) Law extending the anti-trust protections of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. The act conferred long-overdue benefits on labor. All choices are correct. Law also exempted labor unions and agricultural organizations from antimonopoly constraints.

All choices are correct.

Dollar Diplomacy (Identify the historical significance) President Woodrow Wilson disavowed the practice, but his administration undertook comparable acts of intervention in support of U.S. business interests, especially in Latin America. First applied to the financing of railways in China after 1909, the policy then spread to Haiti, Honduras, and Nicaragua. All choices are correct. Name applied by President Taft's critics to the policy of supporting U.S. investments and political interests abroad.

All choices are correct.

Eugene V. Debs (Identify the historical significance) A tireless socialist leader who organized the American Railway Union in the Pullman Strike in 1894. A frequent presidential candidate on the Socialist party ticket, in 1920 he won more than 900,000 votes campaigning for president from his prison cell. Debs was later convicted under the World War I's Espionage Act in 1918 and sentenced to ten years in a federal penitentiary. All choices are correct.

All choices are correct.

Federal Reserve Act (Identify the historical significance) An act establishing twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks and a Federal Reserve Board. Appointed by the president, to regulate banking and create stability on a national scale in the volatile banking sector. The law carried the nation through the financial crises of the First World War of 1914-1918. All choices are correct.

All choices are correct.

Tampico Incident (Identify the historical significance) An arrest of American sailors by the Mexican government that spurred Woodrow Wilson to dispatch the American navy to seize the port of Cozumel in April 1914. Although war was avoided, tensions grew between the United States and Mexico. An arrest of American sailors by the Mexican government that spurred Woodrow Wilson to dispatch the American navy to seize the port of Veracruz in April 1914. Although war was avoided, tensions grew between the United States and Mexico. None of the choices are correct. An arrest of American sailors by the Philippine government that spurred Woodrow Wilson to dispatch the American navy to seize the port of Veracruz in April 1914. Although war was avoided, tensions grew between the United States and Mexico.

An arrest of American sailors by the Mexican government that spurred Woodrow Wilson to dispatch the American navy to seize the port of Veracruz in April 1914. Although war was avoided, tensions grew between the United States and Mexico.

Thorstein Veblen (Identify the historical significance) An eccentric Norwegian American economist who savagely attacked "predatory wealth" and "conspicuous consumption" in his most important book, The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899). An eccentric Danish American economist who savagely attacked "predatory wealth" and "conspicuous consumption" in his most important book, The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899). None of the choices are correct. An eccentric German American economist who savagely attacked "predatory wealth" and "conspicuous consumption" in his most important book, The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899).

An eccentric Norwegian American economist who savagely attacked "predatory wealth" and "conspicuous consumption" in his most important book, The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899).

At the Paris Peace Conference, Wilson sought all of the following goals except: Preventing a seizure of the colonies and protectorates of the defeated Central Powers by France and Great Britain. Free trade and freedom of the seas. A world parliament of nations to provide collective security. National self-determination for smaller European nations. An immediate end to the European colonial holdings in Africa and Asia including those maintained by France and Great Britain.

An immediate end to the European colonial holdings in Africa and Asia including those maintained by France and Great Britain.

William D. ("Big Bill") Haywood (Identify the historical significance) As a leader of the Industrial Workers of the World, the Western Federation of Miners, and the Socialist Party of America, Haywood was one of the most feared American labor radicals. None of the choices are correct. During World War II, he became a special target of anti-leftist legislation. Worked closely with Vladimir Lenin in developing communist like unions.

As a leader of the Industrial Workers of the World, the Western Federation of Miners, and the Socialist Party of America, Haywood was one of the most feared American labor radicals.

This poster aimed to attract subscribers to Industrial Worker, the newspaper of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). Known as the Wobblies, their support reached a peak in the 1920s. Their view of the world is apparent by the image alone. Analyze this image and answer the question that follows. The IWW Seeks Subscribers; 28-3 Political Progressivism, Image 28.6 The Granger Collection How does the image depict religion? As a comfort. As a necessity. As a sham.

As a sham.

This poster aimed to attract subscribers to Industrial Worker, the newspaper of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). Known as the Wobblies, their support reached a peak in the 1920s. Their view of the world is apparent by the image alone. Analyze this image and answer the question that follows. The IWW Seeks Subscribers; 28-3 Political Progressivism, Image 28.6 The Granger Collection How does this image depict capitalism? As an equitable economic solution. As a system of exploitation. As a necessary evil.

As a system of exploitation.

President Wilson's progressive reform stopped short of which group? Blacks Women Farmers Sailors

Blacks

How did President Taft anger progressive Republicans? By maintaining President Roosevelt's policies By proclaiming a new doctrine known as New Nationalism. By opening public lands in Wyoming, Montana, and Alaska to corporate development. By signing the Payne-Aldrich Bill. By speaking out against the National Progressive Republican League.

By signing the Payne-Aldrich Bill.

Anti-German Propaganda This poster was an example of anti-German propaganda in the years leading up America's involvement in the First World War. Because this image was designed to stir people into action, a close examination reveals what issues were important to Americans of the period. Analyze this image and answer the question that follows. Anti-German Propaganda; 29-13 Wilson's Fourteen Potent Points, Image 29.10Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division [LC-USZC4-4441]What conclusion can be made based on the image? Belgium was of strategic importance to Americans. German Americans were a powerful segment in American society. Capitalism is necessary for the war effort.

Capitalism is necessary for the war effort.

Muckraking journalist Lincoln Steffens set the pattern for many other progressive reporters with his report on what? The business practices of the Standard Oil Company. Child labor and the white slave traffic in women. The use of illegal drugs in popular patent medicines. Corruption in American big cities. The influence of big business in the United States Senate.

Corruption in American big cities.

Jacob A. Riis (Identify the historical significance) Political thinker and journalist whose book The Promise of American Life (1910) influenced the New Nationalist reform platform of A tireless crusader for women's and labor rights, was Illinois's first chief factory inspector and a leader of the National Consumers League, an organization dedicated to improving working conditions for women and children. None of the choices are correct. Danish-born police reporter and pioneering photographer who exposed the ills of tenement living in his 1890 book illustrated with powerful photographs, How the Other Half Lives. His work led to the establishment of "model tenements" in New York City.

Danish-born police reporter and pioneering photographer who exposed the ills of tenement living in his 1890 book illustrated with powerful photographs, How the Other Half Lives. His work led to the establishment of "model tenements" in New York City.

Hetch Hetchy Valley (Identify the historical significance) The federal government allowed the city of San Francisco to build a dam here in 1913. All choices are correct. This was a victory to preservationists, who wished to protect the Yosemite National Park, where the dam was located. Allowed for the irrigation of land in the southeastern part of the United States.

The federal government allowed the city of San Francisco to build a dam here in 1913.

Herbert C. Hoover (Identify the historical significance) A Catholic-humanitarian tapped to head the Food Administration during World War I. Elected to the presidency in 1928 as a Republican, he soon faced the crisis of the Great Depression, which he tried to combat with the same voluntary efforts and restrained government action that had been his hallmark over the previous decade. During the 1920s, he became the secretary of the treasury, promoting economic modernization and responsible leadership by business to hold off further expansion of government power. He lost the election of 1932 to Democrat Adlai Stevenson, who advocated a more activist role for the federal government.

Elected to the presidency in 1928 as a Republican, he soon faced the crisis of the Great Depression, which he tried to combat with the same voluntary efforts and restrained government action that had been his hallmark over the previous decade.

U.S. involvement in Latin America Woodrow Wilson began his presidency promoting anti-imperialism. But events in Latin America quickly tested his commitment to that position. Drawing on the following map of the United States and the Caribbean as well as the textbook, answer the following questions about U.S. involvement in Latin America during Wilson's administration. True or False: The Jones Act of 1916 declared the Philippines independent. True False

False

What was the United States doing when it adopted the Nineteenth Amendment, giving women the right to vote? Taking a progressive step considerably ahead of other nations. Overcoming the strong hostility to women's suffrage within state governments. Fulfilling one of Wilson's Fourteen Points. Following the path already taken by wartime governments like Britain and Germany and states like New York, Michigan, Oklahoma, and South Dakota. Also asserting that the women had a right to equal pay and to child care services.

Following the path already taken by wartime governments like Britain and Germany and states like New York, Michigan, Oklahoma, and South Dakota.

Zimmermann Note (Identify the historical significance) German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman had secretly proposed a German-Mexican alliance against the United States. German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman had secretly proposed a Columbian-Mexican alliance against the United States. When the note was intercepted and published in March 1919, it caused an uproar that made some Americans more willing to enter the war. When the note was intercepted and published in March 1919, it caused an uproar that made some Americans less willing to enter the war.

German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman had secretly proposed a German-Mexican alliance against the United States.

U-Boats (Identify the historical significance) German submarines, named for the German Unterseeboot, or "undersea boat," proved deadly for Allied ships in the war zone. U-boat attacks had devastating effects of the Chinese navy in the First World War. U-boat attacks played an important role in drawing the France into the First World War. All of the choices are correct.

German submarines, named for the German Unterseeboot, or "undersea boat," proved deadly for Allied ships in the war zone.

Central Powers (Identify the historical significance) Germany and Austria-Hungary, later joined by Turkey and Bulgaria, made up this alliance against the Allies in World War I. Russia and Austria-Hungary, later joined by Turkey and Bulgaria, made up this alliance against the Allies in World War I. Germany and Poland, later joined by the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria, made up this alliance against the Allies in World War I. Germany and Austria-Hungary, later joined by France and Romania, made up this alliance against the Allies in World War I.

Germany and Austria-Hungary, later joined by Turkey and Bulgaria, made up this alliance against the Allies in World War I.

What divided Americans in respect to the United States's involvement in World War I? The British blockade of Germany The extensive British trade with the United States American claims of neutrality in international trade American use of contraband aboard passenger ships Germany's use of the submarine

Germany's use of the submarine

What essential theory was Theodore Roosevelt's Square deal based on? The government should own the means of production in order for business to operate most efficiently. The federal government should represent the public interest in the growing conflict between big business and labor. Social and economic conflicts should be resolved without the intrusion of big government. Americans should begin a gradual evolution toward a moderate form of democratic socialism. The government should side with workers in demanding higher wages and guarantees against illness or accident.

The federal government should represent the public interest in the growing conflict between big business and labor.

Allies (Identify the historical significance) Great Britain, Russia, and Poland, later joined by Italy, Japan, and the United States, formed this alliance against the Central Powers in World War I. Norway, Russia, and France, later joined by Italy, Japan, and the United States, formed this alliance against the Central Powers in World War I. Great Britain, Russia, and France, later joined by Italy, Japan, and the United States, formed this alliance against the Central Powers in World War I. Great Britain, China, and France, later joined by Italy, Japan, and the United States, formed this alliance against the Central Powers in World War I.

Great Britain, Russia, and France, later joined by Italy, Japan, and the United States, formed this alliance against the Central Powers in World War I.

Question 4 Why didn't President Roosevelt run for reelection in 1908? The Panic of 1907 had made him so unpopular that he could not be reelected. He felt bound by his 1904 campaign pledge that he would serve only one more term. He felt that William Howard Taft deserved a chance to take the Republican Party in a different direction. He had already served two full terms and opposed the idea of a third term. His ill health convinced him he was unfit to stay in office.

He felt bound by his 1904 campaign pledge that he would serve only one more term.

All of the following were true of President William Taft except: His political skill was displayed during his successful battle to lower the tariff in 1909. He had none of the arts of a dashing political leader and none of Roosevelt's zest for the fray. He suffered from lethal political handicaps. He was a poor judge of public opinion, and his candor made him a chronic victim of "foot-in-mouth" disease. He had established a good reputation as a lawyer and a judge.

His political skill was displayed during his successful battle to lower the tariff in 1909.

Which of the following muckraker journalists is NOT correctly matched with the focus of his or her reporting? Samuel Hopkins Adams - fraudulent and dangerous medicines Upton Sinclair - abuses in the meatpacking industry Ida Tarbell - the unscrupulous practices of the road industry Jacob Riis - the harsh conditions in New York's slums Lincoln Steffens - political corruption

Ida Tarbell - the unscrupulous practices of the road industry

All of the following were true of the Lusitania's sinking except: Instead of urging war, Wilson attempted to bring the German warlords sharply to task by a series of increasingly strong notes. It caused the deaths of more than 100 Americans on board. It was carrying forty-two hundred cases of small-arms ammunition, a fact the Germans used to justify the sinking. It resulted in an immediate declaration of war by Congress. Americans were swept by a wave of shock and anger at this act of mass murder and piracy.

It resulted in an immediate declaration of war by Congress.

Which best describes the United States when it entered World War I? It was well prepared militarily but not industrially. It was well prepared politically, militarily, and industrially thanks to the foresight of Woodrow Wilson. It was poorly prepared militarily and industrially to leap into a global war. It was well prepared industrially but not militarily. It was well prepared for land combat but not for naval warfare.

It was poorly prepared militarily and industrially to leap into a global war.

"Who has registered the knowledge or approval of the American people of the course this Congress is called upon in declaring war upon Germany? Submit the question to the people, you who support it. You who support it dare not do it, for you know that by a vote of more than ten to one the American people as a body would register their declaration against it. "I venture to say that the response which the German people have made to the demands of this war shows that it has a degree of popular support which the war upon which we are entering has not and never will have among our people. The espionage bills, the conscription bills, and other forcible military measures . . . [are] proof that those responsible for this war fear that it has no popular support. . . . "It was our absolute right as a neutral [power] to ship food to the people of Germany. That is a position that we have fought for through all of our history. . . . "The only reason why we have not suffered the sacrifice of just as many ships and just as many lives from the violation of our rights by the war zone and the submarine mines of Great Britain as we have through the unlawful acts of Germany in making her war zone in violation of our neutral rights is simply because we have submitted to Great Britain's dictation. . . . We have not only a legal but a moral responsibility for the position in which Germany has been placed . . . . By suspending the rule [of law] with respect to neutral rights in Great Britain's case, we have been actively aiding her in starving the civil population of Germany. We have helped to drive Germany into a corner, her back to the wall, to fight with what weapons she can lay her hands on to prevent the starving of her women and children, her old men and babes." Senator Robert La Follette, speech in the United States Senate, 1917 Which of the following can best be concluded about United States involvement in the First World War based on the point of view expressed in the excerpt? Cultural connections made Americans sympathetic toward the Allied Powers. The vast majority of popular opinion was in favor of declaring war. Americans did not assert rights of neutrality early in the war. Joining the war was a departure from the traditional foreign policy of nonintervention.

Joining the war was a departure from the traditional foreign policy of nonintervention.

"Who has registered the knowledge or approval of the American people of the course this Congress is called upon in declaring war upon Germany? Submit the question to the people, you who support it. You who support it dare not do it, for you know that by a vote of more than ten to one the American people as a body would register their declaration against it. "I venture to say that the response which the German people have made to the demands of this war shows that it has a degree of popular support which the war upon which we are entering has not and never will have among our people. The espionage bills, the conscription bills, and other forcible military measures . . . [are] proof that those responsible for this war fear that it has no popular support. . . . "It was our absolute right as a neutral [power] to ship food to the people of Germany. That is a position that we have fought for through all of our history. . . . "The only reason why we have not suffered the sacrifice of just as many ships and just as many lives from the violation of our rights by the war zone and the submarine mines of Great Britain as we have through the unlawful acts of Germany in making her war zone in violation of our neutral rights is simply because we have submitted to Great Britain's dictation. . . . We have not only a legal but a moral responsibility for the position in which Germany has been placed . . . . By suspending the rule [of law] with respect to neutral rights in Great Britain's case, we have been actively aiding her in starving the civil population of Germany. We have helped to drive Germany into a corner, her back to the wall, to fight with what weapons she can lay her hands on to prevent the starving of her women and children, her old men and babes." Senator Robert La Follette, speech in the United States Senate, 1917 Which of the following can best be concluded about United States involvement in the First World War based on the point of view expressed in the excerpt? Joining the war was a departure from the traditional foreign policy of nonintervention. Cultural connections made Americans sympathetic toward the Allied Powers. The vast majority of popular opinion was in favor of declaring war. Americans did not assert rights of neutrality early in the war.

Joining the war was a departure from the traditional foreign policy of nonintervention.

Which of the following was NOT a provision of the Clayton Antitrust Act? Labor unions are subject to antitrust laws. . Price discrimination was ndeclared illegal. Holding companies were clearly defined. Companies must notify federal regulators prior to merging. People may not sit on multiple boards of companies within the same business.

Labor unions are subject to antitrust laws.

Jones Act (Identify the historical significance) Law according territorial status to the Philippines and promising independence as soon as a "stable government" could be established. The United States did not grant the Philippines independence until July 4, 1986. Law according territorial status to the Philippines and promising independence as soon as a "stable government" could be established. The United States did not grant the Philippines independence until July 4, 1946. None of the choices are correct. Law according statehood to the Philippines and promising independence as soon as a "stable government" could be established. The United States did not grant the Philippines independence until July 4, 1946.

Law according territorial status to the Philippines and promising independence as soon as a "stable government" could be established. The United States did not grant the Philippines independence until July 4, 1946.

Elkins Act (Identify the historical significance) The law strengthened the Interstate Commerce Act of 1900. All choices are correct. The Hepburn Act of 1915 added free passes to the list of railroad no-no's. Law passed by Congress to impose penalties on railroads that offered rebates and customers who accepted them.

Law passed by Congress to impose penalties on railroads that offered rebates and customers who accepted them.

Henry Demarest Lloyd (Identify the historical significance) A muckraking journalist and reform leader whose book Wealth Against Commonweath (1894) excoriated the sins of the US Steel Company. Lloyd became one of the leading intellectuals behind the conservative movement. Lloyd influenced such figures as Clarence Darrow, Florence Kelley, and John Dewey. None of the choices are correct.

Lloyd influenced such figures as Clarence Darrow, Florence Kelley, and John Dewey.

All of the following were included in Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom platform except: More government regulation of large trusts. Protection for small business enterprises from monopolies. Tariff reductions. Stronger antitrust legislation. Banking reform.

More government regulation of large trusts.

What reform program did Theodore Roosevelt advocate for during his Bull Moose campaign? Conservation The National Progressive Republican League New Freedom New Nationalism Socialism

New Nationalism

Arthur Zimmermann (Identify the historical significance) French foreign secretary during World War I and author of the infamous "Zimmermann note." Helped puch the United States to enter the Spanich-American War. Zimmermann proposed a Dutch-Mexican alliance against the United States. None of the choices are correct.

None of the choices are correct.

Lochner v New York (Identify the historical significance) Set the standard for the 40 hour work week. A setback for labor reformers, this Supreme Court decision invalidated a state law establishing a ten-hour day for factory workers. None of the choices are correct. It held that the "right to free contract" was implicit in the due process clause of the Thirteenth Amendment.

None of the choices are correct.

Robert M. ("Fighting Bob") La Follette (Identify the historical significance) He served in the House of Representatives and in the Wisconsin governor's seat. He was a perennial contender for the U.S. Senate, keeping the spirit of conservatism alive into the 1920s. None of the choices are correct. Hailing from Ohio, La Follette was one of the most militant of the progressive Republican leaders.

None of the choices are correct.

Workingmen's Compensation Act (Identify the historical significance) Required union negotiations with large companies. It was a precursor to labor-friendly legislation passed during the Fair Deal. None of the choices are correct. Passed under Howard Taft, this law granted assistance to federal civil-service employees during periods of disability.

None of the choices are correct.

Holding Companies (Identify the historical significance) Often, a holding company does not produce goods or services of its own but only exists to control other companies. Companies that own part or all of other companies' stock in order to stop monopoly control. All choices are correct. The Clayton Anti-Trust Act of 1956 sought to clamp down on these companies when they obstructed competition.

Often, a holding company does not produce goods or services of its own but only exists to control other companies.

"Hetch Hetchy Valley, far from being a plain, common, rock-bound meadow, as many who have not seen it seem to suppose, is a grand landscape garden, one of Nature's rarest and most precious mountain temples. . . . The sublime rocks of its walls seem to glow with life, whether leaning back in repose or standing erect in thoughtful attitudes, giving welcome to storms and calms alike, their brows in the sky, their feet set in the groves and gay flowery meadows, while birds, bees, and butterflies help the river and waterfalls to stir all the air into music. . . . "This most precious and sublime feature of the Yosemite National Park, one of the greatest of all our natural resources for the uplifting joy and peace and health of the people, is in danger of being dammed and made into a reservoir to help supply San Francisco with water and light, thus flooding it from wall to wall and burying its gardens and groves one or two hundred feet deep. This grossly destructive commercial scheme has long been planned and urged . . . because of the comparative cheapness of the dam. . . . "That anyone would try to destroy [Hetch Hetchy Valley] seems incredible; but sad experience shows that there are people good enough and bad enough for anything. The proponents of the dam scheme bring forward a lot of bad arguments to prove that the only righteous thing to do with the people's parks is to destroy them bit by bit as they are able." John Muir, The Yosemite, published in 1912 Which of the following arguments could best be supported by the purpose of the excerpt? Urbanization led to the transformation of the natural landscape in every part of the country. Industrialization resulted in the use of fewer raw materials because of efficient production. Reformers encouraged the more active protection of natural resources. Wartime mobilization contributed to the use of national parks for military purposes.

Reformers encouraged the more active protection of natural resources.

Nineteenth Amendment (Identify the historical significance) An arrest of American sailors by the Mexican government that spurred Woodrow Wilson to dispatch the American navy to seize the port of Veracruz in April 1914. Although war was avoided, tensions grew between the United States and Mexico. This constitutional amendment, finally passed by Congress in 1919 and ratified in 1920, gave women the right to vote over seventy years after the first organized calls for woman's suffrage in Seneca Falls, New York. Woodrow Wilson's proposal to ensure peace after World War I, calling for an end to secret treaties, widespread arms reduction, national self-determination, and a new league of nations. No choices are correct.

This constitutional amendment, finally passed by Congress in 1919 and ratified in 1920, gave women the right to vote over seventy years after the first organized calls for woman's suffrage in Seneca Falls, New York.

The Election of 1912 The 1912 presidential election featured an unusual mixture of candidates. One man (William Howard Taft) was running for reelection against a former president running for a nonconsecutive term (Theodore Roosevelt). The roster included a Socialist (Eugene V. Debs), two Republicans (one running under the "Bull Moose" banner of the newly formed Progressive Party), and a relatively unknown Democrat (Woodrow Wilson). Two of the candidates, Roosevelt and Wilson, ran on progressive platforms, while the other two represented the extreme left wing and the conservative old guard, respectively. The map shows the county-by-county results of the 1912 presidential election. Study the map, and then answer the questions that follow, based on the map and the textbook. Which of the following statements best explain the difference between the platforms of Roosevelt and Wilson? Roosevelt favored an activist federal government, while Wilson held a laissez-faire view. Roosevelt favored social welfare programs, while Wilson rejected such programs. Roosevelt wanted a much larger amount of federal regulation than Wilson did. Roosevelt had a much bigger commitment to banking reform than Wilson did.

Roosevelt favored an activist federal government, while Wilson held a laissez-faire view.

New Nationalism (Identify the historical significance) Roosevelt objected to continued consolidation of trusts and labor unions. State-interventionist reform program devised by journalist Herbert Croly and advocated by Woodrow Wilson during his presidential campaign. All choices are correct. Roosevelt sought to create stronger regulatory agencies to ensure that they operated to serve the public interest, not just private gain.

Roosevelt sought to create stronger regulatory agencies to ensure that they operated to serve the public interest, not just private gain.

Brownsville Affair (Identify the historical significance) All choices are correct. Roosevelt's actions disillusioned many African-Americans, who began to wonder if his progressivism stopped at the color line. In 1972 Congress belatedly exonerated the men, all but one of whom were deceased. Despite only tenuous evidence linking them to the crime, President Theodore Roosevelt ordered the honorable discharge of more than 150 of the "buffalo soldiers," stripping them of their pensions and barring them from employment in federal civil service jobs. Following the shooting of two white men on August 13, 1906, residents of Brownsville, Texas, blamed the Mexican-American soldiers from the segregated 25th Infantry Regiment stationed at nearby Fort Brown.

Roosevelt's actions disillusioned many African-Americans, who began to wonder if his progressivism stopped at the color line. In 1972 Congress belatedly exonerated the men, all but one of whom were deceased.

World War I began when Austria-Hungary delivered a harsh ultimatum against which of its neighbors? Serbia Poland Germany Bosnia Italy

Serbia

Anti-German Propaganda This poster was an example of anti-German propaganda in the years leading up America's involvement in the First World War. Because this image was designed to stir people into action, a close examination reveals what issues were important to Americans of the period. Analyze this image and answer the question that follows. Anti-German Propaganda; 29-13 Wilson's Fourteen Potent Points, Image 29.10 Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division [LC-USZC4-4441] What does the image suggest the soldier is about to do to the young girl? Take her to be interrogated. Lead her to safety. Sexually assault her.

Sexually assault her.

President Wilson viewed America's entry into World War I as an opportunity for the United States to do which of the following? Become a dominant global great power Shape a new international order based on the ideals of democracy Rebuild its dangerously small army and naval forces Maintain colonialism and imperialism throughout the world to ensure the global economic power of the United States Reestablish the balance of powers in European diplomacy

Shape a new international order based on the ideals of democracy

Grievances of labor during World War I and at war's end resulted in all of the following except: The greatest strike in American history Suppression of the American Federation of Labor Violent confrontations between employers and striking workers The use of African Americans as strikebreakers A crippling setback to the union movement

Suppression of the American Federation of Labor

All of the following were true of dollar diplomacy except: . Taft proved reluctant to use the lever of American investments to boost American political interests abroad. The almighty dollar supplanted the big stick. Washington encouraged Wall Street bankers to send surplus dollars into foreign areas of strategic concern to the United States, especially in the Far East and in the regions critical to the security of the Panama Canal. By preempting investors from rival powers, New York bankers would strengthen American defenses and foreign policies while bringing further prosperity to their homeland—and to themselves. Bankers pumped funds into Honduras and Haiti to keep out foreign investment.

Taft proved reluctant to use the lever of American investments to boost American political interests abroad.

Which of the following benefited labor? The Federal Trade Commission Act and the Clayton Anti-Trust Act The Workingmen's Compensation Act and the Underwood Tariff The Federal Reserve Act and the Workingmen's Compensation Act The Clayton Anti-Trust Act and the Adamson Act The Adamson Act and the Underwood Tariff

The Clayton Anti-Trust Act and the Adamson Act

What was the United States' first serious step toward conservation? The creation of the federal Division of Forestry. The Forest Reserve Act. The building of the Hetch Hetchy dam. The organization of the Sierra Club. The Newlands Act.

The Forest Reserve Act.

What divided conservationists in the early twentieth century? President Roosevelt setting aside 125 million acres in federal reserves. The Hetch Hetchy incident. The Newlands Act. The Forest Reserve Act. The creation of Yosemite National Park.

The Hetch Hetchy incident.

In the United States, what was the most controversial aspect of the Treaty of Versailles? The severe reparations that Germany would have to pay. The provision for trusteeship of former German colonies. The League of Nations. The permanent U.S. alliance with France. The principle of self-determination for smaller nations in Europe and elsewhere.

The League of Nations.

Progressives achieved a major political victory in 1913 with the successful passage of the Seventeenth Amendment, which provided for which of the following? Women's suffrage. The end of the practice of gerrymandering. The direct election of senators. The prohibition of liquor. A progressive income tax.

The direct election of senators.

The Election of 1912 The 1912 presidential election featured an unusual mixture of candidates. One man (William Howard Taft) was running for reelection against a former president running for a nonconsecutive term (Theodore Roosevelt). The roster included a Socialist (Eugene V. Debs), two Republicans (one running under the "Bull Moose" banner of the newly formed Progressive Party), and a relatively unknown Democrat (Woodrow Wilson). Two of the candidates, Roosevelt and Wilson, ran on progressive platforms, while the other two represented the extreme left wing and the conservative old guard, respectively. The map shows the county-by-county results of the 1912 presidential election. Study the map, and then answer the questions that follow, based on the map and the textbook. Wilson won an overwhelming electoral victory in 1912 with 82% of the electoral vote, but he did so with only 41.9% of the popular vote. Which of the following statements best explains why Wilson's electoral and popular vote margins were so different? Wilson was far more popular among regular Democratic voters than he was among local party leaders. The presence of another progressive candidate sapped some of Wilson's support in the popular vote but made it easier for him to win the most votes in nearly every state. Voters were strongly supportive of Wilson's style of leadership but much less supportive of the positions he took on the issues.

The presence of another progressive candidate sapped some of Wilson's support in the popular vote but made it easier for him to win the most votes in nearly every state.

What spurred the Meat Inspection Act of 1906? Large meatpackers driving smaller competitors out of business. The mislabeling of foods and pharmaceuticals. Outcries from workers in the meatpacking industry. The passing of the Pure Food and Drug Act. The publication of Upton Sinclair's The Jungle.

The publication of Upton Sinclair's The Jungle.

Which industry did the 1903 Elkins Act target? The meat industry. The oil industry. The steel industry. The banking industry. The railroad industry.

The railroad industry.

"Hetch Hetchy Valley, far from being a plain, common, rock-bound meadow, as many who have not seen it seem to suppose, is a grand landscape garden, one of Nature's rarest and most precious mountain temples. . . . The sublime rocks of its walls seem to glow with life, whether leaning back in repose or standing erect in thoughtful attitudes, giving welcome to storms and calms alike, their brows in the sky, their feet set in the groves and gay flowery meadows, while birds, bees, and butterflies help the river and waterfalls to stir all the air into music. . . . "This most precious and sublime feature of the Yosemite National Park, one of the greatest of all our natural resources for the uplifting joy and peace and health of the people, is in danger of being dammed and made into a reservoir to help supply San Francisco with water and light, thus flooding it from wall to wall and burying its gardens and groves one or two hundred feet deep. This grossly destructive commercial scheme has long been planned and urged . . . because of the comparative cheapness of the dam. . . . "That anyone would try to destroy [Hetch Hetchy Valley] seems incredible; but sad experience shows that there are people good enough and bad enough for anything. The proponents of the dam scheme bring forward a lot of bad arguments to prove that the only righteous thing to do with the people's parks is to destroy them bit by bit as they are able." John Muir, The Yosemite, published in 1912 The excerpt could best be used to explain the significance of which of the following historical situations? The result of federal policies toward American Indian nations. The role of journalism in reform movements. The challenges faced by immigrants settling in the West. The impact of segregation in the South.

The role of journalism in reform movements.

Which of President Wilson's walls of privilege was the Federal Trade Commission Act aimed at? The banks The trusts The railroad The workers The tariff

The trusts

George Creel (Identify the historical significance) The young, outspoken, and tactless journalist who was tapped to head the Committee on Public Information, also known as the Creel Committee, during World War I. A progressive-minded confidant of Woodrow Wilson, Brandeis was the litigator behind Muller v. Oregon. In 1916, Wilson made him the first Jewish American to be appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court. A tireless socialist leader who organized the American Railway Union in the Pullman Strike in 1894. German foreign secretary during World War I and author of the infamous "Zimmermann note," which proposed a German-Mexican alliance against the United States.

The young, outspoken, and tactless journalist who was tapped to head the Committee on Public Information, also known as the Creel Committee, during World War I.

Why did many female progressives focus on issues like child labor, education, and urban housing? They felt a strong identification with immigrants. They thought that success in these areas would prove that they deserved the vote. They felt progress in these areas would win them more time for leisure pursuits. They saw these issues as extensions of women's traditional roles as wives and mothers. Their largely small-town backgrounds made them horrified by urban industrial conditions.

They saw these issues as extensions of women's traditional roles as wives and mothers.

"Hetch Hetchy Valley, far from being a plain, common, rock-bound meadow, as many who have not seen it seem to suppose, is a grand landscape garden, one of Nature's rarest and most precious mountain temples. . . . The sublime rocks of its walls seem to glow with life, whether leaning back in repose or standing erect in thoughtful attitudes, giving welcome to storms and calms alike, their brows in the sky, their feet set in the groves and gay flowery meadows, while birds, bees, and butterflies help the river and waterfalls to stir all the air into music. . . . "This most precious and sublime feature of the Yosemite National Park, one of the greatest of all our natural resources for the uplifting joy and peace and health of the people, is in danger of being dammed and made into a reservoir to help supply San Francisco with water and light, thus flooding it from wall to wall and burying its gardens and groves one or two hundred feet deep. This grossly destructive commercial scheme has long been planned and urged . . . because of the comparative cheapness of the dam. . . . "That anyone would try to destroy [Hetch Hetchy Valley] seems incredible; but sad experience shows that there are people good enough and bad enough for anything. The proponents of the dam scheme bring forward a lot of bad arguments to prove that the only righteous thing to do with the people's parks is to destroy them bit by bit as they are able." John Muir, The Yosemite, published in 1912 Which of the following arguments about Progressives could Muir's point of view best be used to support? They were focused on ensuring the health of people rather than increasing the quality of the environment. They were supportive of federal regulation of the economy in order to limit the impact of industrialization. They were advocates for the control of natural resources by corporations rather than the government. They were concerned that suburbanization was causing metropolitan areas to expand too rapidly.

They were supportive of federal regulation of the economy in order to limit the impact of industrialization.

Frances E. Willard (Identify the historical significance) This pious leader of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union wished to eliminate the sale of alcohol and thereby "make the world more homelike." Her ecumenical "do everything" reform sensibility encouraged some women to take the leap toward more radical causes like women soldiers while allowing more conservative women to stick comfortably with educational work. She promoted that all women should stay at home and do whatever their husband desired. None of the choices are correct.

This pious leader of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union wished to eliminate the sale of alcohol and thereby "make the world more homelike."

Underwood Tarriff (Identify the historical significance) An act establishing twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks and a Federal Reserve Board, appointed by the president, to regulate banking and create stability on a national scale in the volatile banking sector. The law carried the nation through the financial crises of the First World War of 1914-1918. This tariff provided for a substantial reduction of rates and enacted an unprecedented, graduated federal income tax. By 1917, revenue from the income tax surpassed receipts from the tariff, a gap that has since been vastly widened. None of the choices are correct. A banner accomplishment of Woodrow Wilson's administration, this law empowered a standing, presidentially appointed commission to investigate illegal business practices in interstate commerce like unlawful competition, false advertising, and mislabeling of goods.

This tariff provided for a substantial reduction of rates and enacted an unprecedented, graduated federal income tax. By 1917, revenue from the income tax surpassed receipts from the tariff, a gap that has since been vastly widened.

The 1912 presidential election featured an unusual mixture of candidates. One man (William Howard Taft) was running for reelection against a former president running for a nonconsecutive term (Theodore Roosevelt). The roster included a Socialist (Eugene V. Debs), two Republicans (one running under the "Bull Moose" banner of the newly formed Progressive Party), and a relatively unknown Democrat (Woodrow Wilson). Two of the candidates, Roosevelt and Wilson, ran on progressive platforms, while the other two represented the extreme left wing and the conservative old guard, respectively. The map shows the county-by-county results of the 1912 presidential election. Study the map, and then answer the questions that follow, based on the map and the textbook. True or False: Candidates committed to reform dominated the popular vote. True False

True

The Election of 1912 The 1912 presidential election featured an unusual mixture of candidates. One man (William Howard Taft) was running for reelection against a former president running for a nonconsecutive term (Theodore Roosevelt). The roster included a Socialist (Eugene V. Debs), two Republicans (one running under the "Bull Moose" banner of the newly formed Progressive Party), and a relatively unknown Democrat (Woodrow Wilson). Two of the candidates, Roosevelt and Wilson, ran on progressive platforms, while the other two represented the extreme left wing and the conservative old guard, respectively. The map shows the county-by-county results of the 1912 presidential election. Study the map, and then answer the questions that follow, based on the map and the textbook. True or False: Wilson's support was strongest in the South. True False

True

"Who has registered the knowledge or approval of the American people of the course this Congress is called upon in declaring war upon Germany? Submit the question to the people, you who support it. You who support it dare not do it, for you know that by a vote of more than ten to one the American people as a body would register their declaration against it. "I venture to say that the response which the German people have made to the demands of this war shows that it has a degree of popular support which the war upon which we are entering has not and never will have among our people. The espionage bills, the conscription bills, and other forcible military measures . . . [are] proof that those responsible for this war fear that it has no popular support. . . . "It was our absolute right as a neutral [power] to ship food to the people of Germany. That is a position that we have fought for through all of our history. . . . "The only reason why we have not suffered the sacrifice of just as many ships and just as many lives from the violation of our rights by the war zone and the submarine mines of Great Britain as we have through the unlawful acts of Germany in making her war zone in violation of our neutral rights is simply because we have submitted to Great Britain's dictation. . . . We have not only a legal but a moral responsibility for the position in which Germany has been placed . . . . By suspending the rule [of law] with respect to neutral rights in Great Britain's case, we have been actively aiding her in starving the civil population of Germany. We have helped to drive Germany into a corner, her back to the wall, to fight with what weapons she can lay her hands on to prevent the starving of her women and children, her old men and babes." Senator Robert La Follette, speech in the United States Senate, 1917 The point of view in the excerpt best supports which of the following historical arguments about United States involvement in the First World War before 1917 ? German attacks on American ships justified a United States military response. The actions of Germany promoted the democratic principles of the United States. . United States policies favorable to Great Britain undercut American neutrality. Great Britain was defending humanitarian ideals shared with the United States.

United States policies favorable to Great Britain undercut American neutrality.

"Who has registered the knowledge or approval of the American people of the course this Congress is called upon in declaring war upon Germany? Submit the question to the people, you who support it. You who support it dare not do it, for you know that by a vote of more than ten to one the American people as a body would register their declaration against it. "I venture to say that the response which the German people have made to the demands of this war shows that it has a degree of popular support which the war upon which we are entering has not and never will have among our people. The espionage bills, the conscription bills, and other forcible military measures . . . [are] proof that those responsible for this war fear that it has no popular support. . . . "It was our absolute right as a neutral [power] to ship food to the people of Germany. That is a position that we have fought for through all of our history. . . . "The only reason why we have not suffered the sacrifice of just as many ships and just as many lives from the violation of our rights by the war zone and the submarine mines of Great Britain as we have through the unlawful acts of Germany in making her war zone in violation of our neutral rights is simply because we have submitted to Great Britain's dictation. . . . We have not only a legal but a moral responsibility for the position in which Germany has been placed . . . . By suspending the rule [of law] with respect to neutral rights in Great Britain's case, we have been actively aiding her in starving the civil population of Germany. We have helped to drive Germany into a corner, her back to the wall, to fight with what weapons she can lay her hands on to prevent the starving of her women and children, her old men and babes." Senator Robert La Follette, speech in the United States Senate, 1917 Which of the following can best be concluded about United States involvement in the First World War based on the point of view expressed in the excerpt? The actions of Germany promoted the democratic principles of the United States. Great Britain was defending humanitarian ideals shared with the United States. German attacks on American ships justified a United States military response. United States policies favorable to Great Britain undercut American neutrality.

United States policies favorable to Great Britain undercut American neutrality.

This poster aimed to attract subscribers to Industrial Worker, the newspaper of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). Known as the Wobblies, their support reached a peak in the 1920s. Their view of the world is apparent by the image alone. Analyze this image and answer the question that follows. The IWW Seeks Subscribers; 28-3 Political Progressivism, Image 28.6 The Granger Collection What is a reasonable conclusion that can be made about the IWW's views? Democracy is more equitable for workers than monarchy. Wars are at the service of profit. Women should not work outside the home.

Wars are at the service of profit.

When did President Wilson break diplomatic relations with Germany? When it appeared that the Germany army would take Paris After Great Britain and France persuaded the United States that it should abandon neutrality because it could not hold out against the Central Powers any longer When the Zimmermann note was intercepted and made public When Germany announced that it would wage unrestricted submarine warfare in the Atlantic After Germany rejected Wilson's Fourteen Points for peace

When Germany announced that it would wage unrestricted submarine warfare in the Atlantic

Payne-Aldrich Bill (Identify the historical significance) While intended to raise tariff rates, this bill was eventually revised beyond all recognition, retaining high rates on most imports. President Taft angered the progressive wing of his party when he declared it "the best bill that the Republican party ever passed." While intended to lower tariff rates, this bill was eventually revised beyond all recognition, retaining high rates on most imports. President Roosevelt angered the progressive wing of his party when he declared it "the best bill that the Republican party ever passed." None of the choices are correct. While intended to lower tariff rates, this bill was eventually revised beyond all recognition, retaining high rates on most imports. President Taft angered the progressive wing of his party when he declared it "the best bill that the Republican party ever passed."

While intended to lower tariff rates, this bill was eventually revised beyond all recognition, retaining high rates on most imports. President Taft angered the progressive wing of his party when he declared it "the best bill that the Republican party ever passed."

Wilson defeated Charles Evans Hughes in the Election of 1916 for all of the following reasons except: Wilson's sweep of the Eastern part of the country overcame his narrow loss in California. Midwesterners and westerners, attracted by Wilson's progressive reforms and antiwar policies, flocked to the polls for the president. The pro-labor Wilson received strong support from the working class. Wilson had worked through his first term to identify himself as the candidate of progressivism. Wilson received strong support from renegade Bull Moose voters, whom Republicans failed to lure back into their camp.

Wilson's sweep of the Eastern part of the country overcame his narrow loss in California.

Anti-German Propaganda This poster was an example of anti-German propaganda in the years leading up America's involvement in the First World War. Because this image was designed to stir people into action, a close examination reveals what issues were important to Americans of the period. Analyze this image and answer the question that follows. Anti-German Propaganda; 29-13 Wilson's Fourteen Potent Points, Image 29.10 Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division [LC-USZC4-4441] What can be inferred from the image about the social structure of America at the time? Banks were opposed to the war effort. Women needed to be protected. There were large numbers of Belgian refugees entering the United States.

Women needed to be protected.

Woodrow Wilson's main objective in calling for the establishment of the Federal Reserve was to nationalize the American banking system. rescue farmers suffering from the recession. better organize the federal banking system. recover the losses from the Underwood Tariff. better enforece the Federal Trade Act.

better organize the federal banking system.

"Who has registered the knowledge or approval of the American people of the course this Congress is called upon in declaring war upon Germany? Submit the question to the people, you who support it. You who support it dare not do it, for you know that by a vote of more than ten to one the American people as a body would register their declaration against it. "I venture to say that the response which the German people have made to the demands of this war shows that it has a degree of popular support which the war upon which we are entering has not and never will have among our people. The espionage bills, the conscription bills, and other forcible military measures . . . [are] proof that those responsible for this war fear that it has no popular support. . . . "It was our absolute right as a neutral [power] to ship food to the people of Germany. That is a position that we have fought for through all of our history. . . . "The only reason why we have not suffered the sacrifice of just as many ships and just as many lives from the violation of our rights by the war zone and the submarine mines of Great Britain as we have through the unlawful acts of Germany in making her war zone in violation of our neutral rights is simply because we have submitted to Great Britain's dictation. . . . We have not only a legal but a moral responsibility for the position in which Germany has been placed . . . . By suspending the rule [of law] with respect to neutral rights in Great Britain's case, we have been actively aiding her in starving the civil population of Germany. We have helped to drive Germany into a corner, her back to the wall, to fight with what weapons she can lay her hands on to prevent the starving of her women and children, her old men and babes." Senator Robert La Follette, speech in the United States Senate, 1917 A limitation of the excerpt as evidence of the reasons for United States entry into the First World War was that it asserted that Germans supported the war. was delivered during the war declaration debates. was given by an influential political leader. expressed opposition to war with Germany.

expressed opposition to war with Germany.

"Who has registered the knowledge or approval of the American people of the course this Congress is called upon in declaring war upon Germany? Submit the question to the people, you who support it. You who support it dare not do it, for you know that by a vote of more than ten to one the American people as a body would register their declaration against it. "I venture to say that the response which the German people have made to the demands of this war shows that it has a degree of popular support which the war upon which we are entering has not and never will have among our people. The espionage bills, the conscription bills, and other forcible military measures . . . [are] proof that those responsible for this war fear that it has no popular support. . . . "It was our absolute right as a neutral [power] to ship food to the people of Germany. That is a position that we have fought for through all of our history. . . . "The only reason why we have not suffered the sacrifice of just as many ships and just as many lives from the violation of our rights by the war zone and the submarine mines of Great Britain as we have through the unlawful acts of Germany in making her war zone in violation of our neutral rights is simply because we have submitted to Great Britain's dictation. . . . We have not only a legal but a moral responsibility for the position in which Germany has been placed . . . . By suspending the rule [of law] with respect to neutral rights in Great Britain's case, we have been actively aiding her in starving the civil population of Germany. We have helped to drive Germany into a corner, her back to the wall, to fight with what weapons she can lay her hands on to prevent the starving of her women and children, her old men and babes." Senator Robert La Follette, speech in the United States Senate, 1917 A limitation of the excerpt as evidence of the reasons for United States entry into the First World War was that it asserted that Germans supported the war. was given by an influential political leader. expressed opposition to war with Germany. was delivered during the war declaration debates.

expressed opposition to war with Germany.

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was created primarily to create a political party to represent African Americans. further the cultural advancements of the Harlem Renaissance. promote the "Back to Africa" movement. fight discrimination in American legal courts. establish African-American universities.

fight discrimination in American legal courts.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a political reform made during the Progressive Era? the initiative party nominating conventions the direct election of senators the referendum the recall

party nominating conventions

The 1911 fire in the Triangle Shirtwaist factory directly resulted in the decline of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union. push for comprehensive safety laws. outlawing of sweatshops in New York. decline in political machines in New York. e.the deaths of only female employees in the fire.

push for comprehensive safety laws.

Both the Elkin's Act and Hepburn Act increased the government's ability to control the flow of immigrants into the United States. regulate unfair business practices by railroads. limit the power of corrupt political machines. limit child labor in mines and factories. use federal troops to break strikes.

regulate unfair business practices by railroads.