History 396 - Samurai in Film

Mōri daimyō family

- Founded city of Hiroshima - Leaders of Korean invasions - Mōri Motonari = prominent member - Top of warrior society - Allies of Toyotomi Hideyoshi - Today = major cultural and historical treasures, and a proud history (and wealth)

Uesugi Kenshin

- daimyō -Fearsome warrior and administrator -Rival = Takeda Shingen (until his death by illness) -5 battles at Kawanakajima (#4 relevant for class) -Zen-Buddhist = Bishamonten = battle Buddha -2nd rival = Oda Nobunaga -

Kobayakawa Takakage

-3rd son of Mōri Motonari's -Commander = Mōri military and naval forces -Kyushu pacifier -Korean invasion general -One of Hideyoshi 's Five Elders -Died of illness

Kawanakajima battle

-4th battle of Kawanakajima -Uesugi vs Takeda -Uesugi army = 72 % casualties -Takeda =62% casualties - Battle casualties (All) = 66% casualties and 25.8% deaths -Victory = ??? --> both took heavy loses = draw?

Tokugawa Ieyasu *SG mentions

-Ally of Nobunaga --> Toyotomi Hideyoshi -Made Edo Castle into Military Fortress & town -Sekigahara battle = Victory = New Leader -Tokugawa shogunate --> Edo period -Great administrative leader -set succession for generations = no fam. conflict

Armor

-Ancient China + Korea = Japanese style -Early armor = Practical not just display -Sengoku period = lots of wars -16th century = European armor influences -swords --> guns = lamellar --> plate metal -i.e Tōsei gusoku "modern armor" of 16th century -Ceremonial -Edo = less war but new variations to fit needs

Takeda army

-Battle strength in 1573: 33,376 -Prominent cavalry = mobile attack > defense -Infantry = grouped by weapons -ie muskets, pikes, bows and arrows etc -"24 Takeda Generals" = loyal to the Takeda alone -General = family members & long-term vassals -Wore red battle gear = identify groups

Sekigahara battle

-Eastern army (led by Tokugawa Ieyasu) VS Western army -Around 38,000 Western army troops defected or withheld their support --> Ieyasu's victory -Ieyasu's son arrived 3 days late to the battle -Tokugawa Ieyasu = new military power

Takeda Shingen

-From Kai providence - At 20 = overthrew his father --> new head of am -Built a highly successful and unified family organization that avoided internal discord -Well supported by family members -supported agriculture, promulgated a law code = legitimacy as a lawgiver -

Bishamonten

-Guardian of the North -Buddha of war and warriors -Chant: On bai shiramandaya sowaka (Jp) = Oh God of the Thunderbolt, Glory! -utilized by Uesugi Kenshin

Helmet Decoration

-Kabuto (Jp) = helmet -tehen kanamono = decorative crown -Symbolic roles -Could display family crests, symbols etc

Toyotomi Hideyoshi *SG mentions

-Nobunaga's successor -Took over the Oda organization -Skillfully combining war and diplomacy, -Control over all of Japan by the early 1590s -Crafted programs to reform society, including the social separation of warriors and farmers -His death --> rise of Tokugawa shogunate

Muskets

-Portuguese --> Japan in 1543 -Matchlock style = easier to use -Sengoku period = lots of wars = popularity grew -i.e. Battle of Nagashino, Takeda army - Sengoku --> Edo era = less wars = decline

Heaven and Earth (Ten to chi to)

-Rivalry of Uesugi Kenshin vs Takeda Shingen -Kawanakajima battle -film Kagetora (OG name) of Uesugi Kenshin Themes/Plotpoints: -struggle of Kagetora to maintain the unity and viability of his realm -Achieving national unification -

Oda Nobunaga

-Rose to prominence victory in battle in 1560 -Strategy of destroying opponents = control of Japan -Process of national reunification, war --> peace -Nobunaga --> Hideyoshi --> Tokugawa

Shadow Warrior (Kagemusha)

-Start =Death of Takeda Shingen and the attempt to keep it secret to maintain control. -"body double" pretends to be Singen supported by the Takeda 24 and Nobukado (brother) -Ends with = defeat at the battle of Nagashino Themes/Plotpoints: -tensions between sound judgement and personal ambition -European presence i.e. firearms -Catholic priests (Jesuits) -the scale of castles -Issues of personal identity and status

Tokugawa family

-Started the Edo period of Japan -Est an order of succession -Controlling the warlords -New laws, codes of conduct -Reshaping the samurai class -Warrior to civilian life, new roles -bushidō = Samurai code -hight of Samurai culture Society was legally divided into 4 classes: -warriors -agriculturalists -artisans -merchants -No more social mobility *hinin status defined as bad

Takeda Katsuyori

-Takeda Shingen's successor -Major push against the Tokugawa -Battle of Nagashino -Defeated = Takeda strength is effectively broken

Nagashino battle

-Takeda expansion south = conflict w/ Tokugawa -Tokugawa = vassal of Nobunaga = his support -control of the capital of Kyoto = control Japan -Takeda defeated -Tokugawa (& Nobunaga) control 1/3 of Japan

Mōri Motonari

-oath of obedience from 238 retainers -wrote name at the top of the circle = "leader" -emphasized family unity in future generations

The Hidden Fortress (Kakushi toride no san akunin) *know for final

2 Peasants + loyal Samurai + Mute Princess + Gold -Peasants = Tahei and Matashichi -Samurai = Rokurota Makabe -Akizuki Princess = Yuki Basic Plot: Rokurota need to help the princess and the gold evade capture from enemy with help from the 2 peasants. Themes: -Skills of Generals vs regular soliders -Samurai vs peasants (think 7 samurai or ogress) -impact of warfare society -inspired Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope i.e. Luke (peasant) + Han (rouge) + Leia (princess)

Daimyō

= military lords -possessed small domains or enfeoffed land to vassals i.e Uesugi Kenshin, Mōri, Takeda