History 8.3
What act did Congress replace the Embargo act with? What did this act do?
They replaced it with the Non-Intercourse Act. This new law banned trade only with Britain, France, and their colonies.
List and describe three ways that American neutrality was being threatened in the early 1800's.
- Barbary States of North Africa, who would steal cargo and hold ships' crews for ransom - Ships were being captured by Mediterranean pirates. - Britain and France went to war and stopped sending the U.S. supplies - Britain began stopping and searching American ships for sailors who had run away from the British navy, forcing the sailors to return to British ships. - Britain was even targeting American navy ships.
Summarize the reasons the United States declared war in 1812?
Because the British armed the Natives and the War hawks were putting pressure on the people and the congress.
June 22, 1807
British attack U.S. navy ship the Chesapeake
What happened on the US Navy ship the Chesapeake?
British ship Leopard stopped the U.S. Navy ship Chesapeake and tried to remove sailors. When the captain of the Chesapeake refused, the British took the sailors by force. The attack on the Chesapeake surprised Americans.
Why did Congress pass the Embargo Act? What did it essentially do? Was it successful? Provide details.
Congress hoped that the embargo would punish Britain and France and protect American merchant ships from capture. It banned trade with all foreign countries. This did not help, it didn't weaken the British or French, the federalist's party grew stronger and the merchants were mad and protested.
June 18, 1812
Declare war with Great Britain
What evidence made Americans want war with Britain?
Evidence with arming the Natives and Tecumseh.
November 4, 1811
Harrison attacks Tecumseh
What specific actions did Americans want to be taken about their neutrality being violated?
In late 1807 Congress passed the Embargo Act. The law essentially banned trade with all foreign countries
Who was elected President in 1808?
James Madison
Who were the strongest opponents? What were their arguments?
New England Federalists they argued that it was stupid to go to war and America couldn't supply as mush military as Britain could.
January 9, 1809
Non-Intercourse Act
When did Harrison attack? What was the response?
November 7, 1811 Harrison attacked. Indians fought back but Harrison's forces had them retreat.
Who was Tecumseh, and what did he want to accomplish? What Native American groups did he want to unite?
Tecumseh was a Shawnee chief, had watched angrily as Native Americans were pushed off their land. He wanted to Unite with Native Americans of the northwestern frontier, the South, and the eastern Mississippi Valley.
December 22, 1807
The Embargo Act
What happened in the early 1800's in the West to the Native Americans? How did the British react?
The Natives lost their land because of settlers and their loss in the Treaty of Greenville. The British wanted to slow down the Americans and started to arm the Natives on the west frontier.
What did Harrison urge Tecumseh to do? What was Tecumseh's response?
The governor urged him to follow the Treaty of Greenville that had been signed in 1795. Tecumseh said that the white people have no right to take the land from the Indians, because the Indians had it first. No single chief, he insisted, could sell land belonging to all American Indians who used it.
What did the Battle of Tippecanoe mean to Tecumseh?
U.S. forces defeated Tecumseh and his followers in the Battle of Tippecanoe. It crushed his dream of a great Indian confederation.
Who were the War Hawks? What did the war hawks want to do - be specific?
War Hawks by their opponents—took the lead in calling for war against Britain. Leaders wanted to put a stop to British influence among Native Americans. Also they wanted to invade Canada and gain more land for settlement.