History Benchmark
Which group did the Nazis NOT target for extermination? Pick one only 1. a. Gypsies and Communists 2. b. French POWs 3. c. Polish 4. d. Catholic people 5. e. Slavic 6. f. Mentally Disabled 7. g. Anti-social 8. h. Criminals 9. i. Jehovah's Witnesess 10. j. Immigrants 11. k. Political Prisoners
2. b. French POWs
After World War II ended, continuing political differences led to civil war in A. China. B. France. C. Germany. D. Japan.
A. China.
What does these cartoons suggest about the pact between Germany and the Soviet Union? A. Neither side trusted the other. B. Both sides had ulterior motives. C. Both sides made the pact in very good faith. D. Neither side planned aggression in the beginning.
A. Neither side trusted the other.
"I wish to draw your attention to the development which has taken place since the conference that was arranged through your good offices in October last year between scientists engaged in this work and governmental representatives. Since the outbreak of the war, interest in uranium has intensified in Germany. I have now learned that research there is carried out in great secrecy and that it has been extended to another of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes, the Institute of Physics. The latter has been taken over by the government and a group of physicists, under the leadership of C. F. von Weizsäcker, who is now working there on uranium in collaboration with the Institute of Chemistry. The former director was sent away on leave of absence, apparently for the duration of the war." —Letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt from Albert Einstein, March 7, 1940 What concern is Einstein expressing in this letter? A. The Axis powers may be developing an atomic weapon. B. The deployment of an atomic weapon may have unforeseen effects. C. The deployment of an atomic weapon may be ineffective in ending the war. D. The Allies may deploy an atomic weapon without thoroughly testing it first.
A. The Axis powers may be developing an atomic weapon.
According to this map, one part of the British campaign in Western Europe spread A. from Sword Beach to Antwerp. B. from Utah Beach to Bremen. C. from Juno Beach to Metz. D. from Omaha Beach to Orleans.
A. from Sword Beach to Antwerp.
What two countries did Hitler occupy without opposition from France and Great Britain? * Poland and Austria Great Britain and Austria Austria and Czechoslovakia France and Czechoslovakia
Austria and Czechoslovakia
According to this graph, which time period saw the largest increase in active personnel in the United States military? A. 1939 to 1940 B. 1942 to 1943 C. 1943 to 1944 D. 1944 to 1945
B. 1942 to 1943
The drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was guided by A. Robert Jackson. B. Eleanor Roosevelt. C. Harry S. Truman. D. Earl Warren.
B. Eleanor Roosevelt.
Why did Hitler blame the Jews for Germany's problems? A. The Jews had helped the Allies defeat Germany in World War I B. It was easy to blame all the country's problems on one minority group C. Hitler had a bad incident with a Jewish classmate when he was a schoolboy D. Hitler's parents were secretly Jewish
B. It was easy to blame all the country's problems on one minority group
The automobile and the expansion of roadway systems in the 1950s led to the growth of A. Ethnic neighborhoods B. Suburban areas C. Urban areas D. Rural zones
B. Suburban areas
What is the most likely reason the President and Soviet leader are smiling in this image of the two at the Potsdam Conference in 1945? A. U.S.-Soviet relations were good, and Truman had no concerns about Stalin's actions in Eastern Europe. B. The Allied Powers had defeated Germany and, despite disagreements, the leaders hoped to project an image of unity. C. The United States and the Soviet Union had successfully cooperated to bring an end to the Pacific Campaign. D. The Soviet Union has recently allowed elections in occupied Eastern Europe, and Truman looked forward to a closer relationship with the Soviet Union.
B. The Allied Powers had defeated Germany and, despite disagreements, the leaders hoped to project an image of unity.
Why was the end of the Korean War considered a stalemate? A. The cold war continued B. The north and south were still divided C. Both the north and south lost many lives D. The United States removed all of its troops
B. The north and south were still divided
Why would many isolationists have argued that the Neutrality Act of 1939 was not actually "neutral"? A. They thought the Neutrality Act was supporting the Soviet Union. B. They thought material support of the Allies was, indirectly, acting against the Axis Powers. C. They thought the Neutrality Act limited attention to domestic issues. D. They equated foreign alliances with an increased chance of war.
B. They thought material support of the Allies was, indirectly, acting against the Axis Powers.
What was the main factor that allowed military leaders to assume power in Japan in the 1930s? A. class inequality B. a weak economy C. a lack of natural resources D. threats from other nations
B. a weak economy
The Neutrality Act of 1939 helped the Allies in World War II by A. agreeing to loan the Allies arms and other supplies, but not to give them away. B. agreeing to sell arms to the Allies if they paid cash and transported them themselves. C. agreeing to send assistance to civilians affected by the war but not the Allied military. D. agreeing to attack enemy submarines and other craft if they approached Allied waters.
B. agreeing to sell arms to the Allies if they paid cash and transported them themselves.
"A combination of fear and massive propaganda kept Stalin in power. Publicity about Stalin was designed to create an idol, encouraging a cult of personality in which he was credited for all good things. In newspapers, billboards, and schools, the public was fed a constant diet of communist success. Soviet art was censored; only positive images of Stalin and soviet life were permitted. Images showing Stalin as a kindly father figure masked the reality of labor camps and the consequences of any resistance to his rule." Based on the text, what was one significant factor that solidified Stalin's political power in the Soviet Union? A. the strong support of Soviet military leaders B. his use of the Soviet media to mold public perception C. the economic strength of Soviet industrial production D. his support of public education throughout the country
B. his use of the Soviet media to mold public perception
The reasoning behind the U.S. military's island-hopping strategy was to A. advance in incremental steps while waiting for naval reinforcements. B. only engage enemy forces on islands that offered a direct route to Japan. C. avoid engagement on islands controlled by the Japanese whenever possible. D. assume control of the Philippines in order to cut off Japanese supply routes.
B. only engage enemy forces on islands that offered a direct route to Japan.
"After I noticed the flash, white clouds spread over the blue sky. It was amazing. It was as if blue morning-glories had suddenly bloomed up in the sky. . . . Then came the heat wave. It was very, very hot. Even though there was a window glass in front of me, I felt really hot. It was as if I was looking directly into a kitchen oven." —Isao Kita In this text, Isao Kita is describing A. the Bataan death march. B. the attack on Hiroshima. C. the invasion of Iwo Jima. D. the attack on Pearl Harbor.
B. the attack on Hiroshima.
This image of Spanish government troops shows A. their lack of resourcefulness to adapt equipment for military use. B. their ill-equipped military would struggle against Franco's fascist-supported Nationalist forces. C. that they had little desire to fight the fascist-supported rebels. D. that they were well-supplied and eager to fight the Nationalists.
B. their ill-equipped military would struggle against Franco's fascist-supported Nationalist forces.
What was the primary challenge faced by Hispanic immigrants since the 1940s? A. lack of jobs in the cities B. unfair treatment by employers C. lack of jobs in agriculture D. unfair legislation by the federal government
B. unfair treatment by employers
Why was the German strategy of "blitzkrieg" so successful? * Blitzkrieg relied on slowly closing off a country's borders, leaving it completely isolated. Blitzkrieg relied on small, rapid military forces that assassinated the leaders of the nation under attack. Blitzkrieg relied on rapid, heavily armed forces that quickly penetrated deep into enemy territory. Blitzkrieg relied on extensive air attacks, weakening the country before the invasion.
Blitzkrieg relied on small, rapid military forces that assassinated the leaders of the nation under attack.
Approximately how much did the federal government spend on defense in 1945? A. $10 billion B. $45 billion C. $80 billion D. $100 billion
C. $80 billion
During the 1950s, how did the Republican Party hope to support a balanced federal budget and counter communist countries? A. By relying on a large army and navy B. By relying on long-range bombers C. By relying on nuclear weapons D. By relying on foreign aid
C. By relying on nuclear weapons
"The German armed forces on land, at sea and in the air have been completely defeated and have surrendered unconditionally and Germany, which bears responsibility for the war, is no longer capable of resisting the will of the victorious Powers. The unconditional surrender of Germany has thereby been effected, and Germany has become subject to such requirements as may now or hereafter be imposed upon her." What is the mostly likely title of this declaration? A. Declaration Regarding the Appeasement of Germany B. Declaration Regarding the Defeat of the Axis Powers C. Declaration Regarding the Defeat of Germany and the Assumption of Supreme Authority by Allied Powers D. Declaration of Amnesty and Cooperation Between the Allied Powers and Germany
C. Declaration Regarding the Defeat of Germany and the Assumption of Supreme Authority by Allied Powers
How was the economy affected by corporate expansion in the 1950s? A. It improved with more information technology jobs. B. It struggled and strikes interrupted production. C. It boomed as the middle class grew. D. It declined as regulation increased.
C. It boomed as the middle class grew.
This image of a child sleeping safely relates to A. President Roosevelt's speech calling for equal access to public education. B. President Roosevelt's campaign to fight childhood diseases. C. President Roosevelt's speech against Nazi and Japanese militarism. D. President Roosevelt's campaign to support the isolationists.
C. President Roosevelt's speech against Nazi and Japanese militarism.
Which of these action is an example of checks and balances? A. President Reagan sent troops to Grenada B. Congress passed a law raising the income tax C. President Truman vetoed the Taft-Hartley Act D. State governments passed laws setting speed limits
C. President Truman vetoed the Taft-Hartley Act
One consequence of World War II was that the United States A. Returned to its isolationist tendencies B. Avoided foreign conflicts C. Remain deeply involved in world affairs D. Reduced its military spending
C. Remain deeply involved in world affairs
What was a significant turning point in the Korean War? Eisenhower's visit to Korea China's entry into the war Truman's firing of MacArthur the Soviet Union's invasion of South Korea
China's entry into the war
Check 3 Mussolini Franco De Gaulle Churchill Truman Roosevelt Stalin Lenin Chamberlin
Churchill Roosevelt Stalin
Soviet and Western wartime cooperation had already degenerated into serious tensions at the Potsdam Conference in July 1945 because A Harry S. Truman, who had succeeded to the presidency after the death of Roosevelt in April, plainly expressed his dislike of Stalin B Winston Churchill had strained relations with his claims of Soviet empire building in Eastern Europe C the Soviets had reneged on their promise to enter the war against Japan D Stalin had reneged on his promise to allow free elections in Soviet occupied Eastern Europe E the U.S. A-bomb attacks on Japan had intimidated the Soviets
D Stalin had reneged on his promise to allow free elections in Soviet occupied Eastern Europe
What event is this referring to? A. the Nazi-Soviet Pact. B. Hitler did not divide Romania with the U.S.S.R. C. Hitler did not warn Stalin that the Japanese were going to bring the United States into the war with a surprise attack. D. In 1941, Hitler invaded the Soviet Union.
D. In 1941, Hitler invaded the Soviet Union.
The "zoot suit riot" that occurred in Los Angeles in 1943 highlighted violence against A. African-Americans. B. German-Americans. C. Japanese-Americans. D. Mexican-Americans.
D. Mexican-Americans.
Why was the Battle of Stalingrad a turning point in World War II? A. The battle involved fierce, block-by-block fighting. B. The battle was the first time that the Allies had combined forces to fight the Germans. C. The Soviet Union won, despite being vastly outnumbered. D. The battle ended Hitler's hopes of dominating all of Europe and put Germany on the defensive.
D. The battle ended Hitler's hopes of dominating all of Europe and put Germany on the defensive.
"Yesterday, December 7, 1941—a date which will live in infamy—the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. . . . The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation. No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory." —President Franklin Roosevelt, December 8, 1941 What was President Roosevelt's purpose in this speech? A. to make the first announcement of Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor B. to explain Japan's military strategy C. to try to calm the fears of Americans D. to ask for a declaration of war on Japan
D. to ask for a declaration of war on Japan
The Eisenhower Doctrine promised aid to any Middle Eastern nations threatened by communism. Why was this doctrine inspired in part by the Suez Canal Crisis? Eisenhower thought that Egypt might use Soviet forces to hold on to the canal. Eisenhower believed that communist influence was growing in Egypt. Eisenhower wanted to prevent communist countries from using the canal. Britain and France had tried to regain the canal with Soviet help.
Eisenhower wanted to prevent communist countries from using the canal
The victims of the Holocaust included large numbers of * ethnic Germans. European Jews. Chinese in the "Rape of Nanking" Japanese.
European Jews.
The occupying powers in Germany after the Second World War included all of the following EXCEPT A USSR B Great Britain C Poland D France E United States F Spain
F Spain
What are the "Four Freedoms"? * Freedom from Want Freedom of Worship Freedom from Fear Freedom of Speech Freedom from Arrest Freedom of Religion Freedom of Due Process Freedom of Life, Liberty & Pursuit of Happiness
Freedom from Want Freedom of Worship Freedom from Fear Freedom of Speech
SEC. 100. The Veterans' Administration is hereby declared to be an essential war agency and entitled, second only to the War and Navy Departments, to priorities in personnel, equipment, supplies, and material under any laws, Executive orders, and regulations pertaining to priorities, and in appointments of personnel from civil-service registers the Administrator of Veterans' Affairs is hereby granted the same authority and discretion as the War and Navy Departments and the United States Public Health Service: Provided, That the provisions of this section as to priorities for materials shall apply to any State institution to be built for the care or hospitalization of veterans —TITLE I, CHAPTER I-HOSPITALIZATION, CLAIMS, AND PROCEDURES, Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 This text is from an act otherwise known as the GI Bill. Fair Deal. Marshall Plan. Taft-Hartley Act.
GI Bill.
What two countries faced war crimes, for their war atrocities in WWII? * Check Two Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Germany Japan Italy
Germany Japan
Hitler wanted to dominate other countries because he believed that * other countries were trying to conquer Germany. Germany's people were superior to everyone else. Germany's natural resources were superior. the Treaty of Versailles would protect Germany.
Germany's people were superior to everyone else.
The "final solution" was * Germany's plan to repel the D-Day invasion Germany's plan to exterminate all Jews in Europe Germany's plan to invade the Soviet Union Germany's plan to surrender once the war was lost
Germany's plan to exterminate all Jews in Europe
The Axis refers to the alliance of * Germany, Italy, Japan Germany, United States, Britain United States, Britain, USSR USSR, Germany, Italy
Germany, Italy, Japan
What does this picture represent? * Hitler coming to power in Italy Hitler moving through Germany unchecked Hitler breaking the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact Hitler invading Poland
Hitler invading Poland
Why was the North African campaign so important to the Allies? * The Allies could regain control of the Suez Canal. If the Allies defeated Italian troops at Kasserine Pass, they could gain access to North African oil fields. Stalin felt it was the best way to defeat Italy and Spain. If the Germans were forced out, it would ease the way to invading Italy.
If the Germans were forced out, it would ease the way to invading Italy.
Operation Barbarossa refers to Hitler's * Invasion of the Soviet Union Invasion of Poland Invasion of France Invasion of Britain
Invasion of the Soviet Union
Iwo Jima was important to the Allies because * it contained valuable mineral resources. many Allied soldiers shed their blood on that soil. trade ships from around the world docked at Iwo Jima's ports. Japan used airfields on the island to support its naval forces.
Japan used airfields on the island to support its naval forces.
Which group of American citizens were forcibly denied their rights and civil liberties during the War? * Germans Japanese Mexicans African Americans
Japanese
"The truth of the matter is that Europe's requirements for the next 3 or 4 years of foreign food and other essential products—principally from America—are so much greater than her present ability to pay that she must have substantial additional help, or face economic, social, and political deterioration of a very grave character. The remedy lies in breaking the vicious circle and restoring the confidence of the European people in the economic future of their own countries and of Europe as a whole. The manufacturer and the farmer throughout wide areas must be able and willing to exchange their products for currencies the continuing value of which is not open to question." —Congressional Record, June 30, 1947 The text outlines the basis for the Berlin airlift. Warsaw Pact. Marshall Plan. Eisenhower Doctrine.
Marshall Plan.
The turning point in the Pacific Theatre was * Pearl Harbor Okinawa Midway Guam
Midway
How did World War II change the employment situation for women? * The wartime standard of "equal pay for equal work" meant that women earned the same as men who did the same work. The number of young women in the work force increased because they could do heavy wartime work, but older women were pushed out of the work force. Women were needed on the home front so they were less likely to work once married. More women were able to find jobs in manufacturing and other fields not traditionally considered to be women's work.
More women were able to find jobs in manufacturing and other fields not traditionally considered to be women's work.
Even though President Roosevelt supported the allies with war supplies before 1941, why was the United States unable to enter the war until after the bombing of Pearl Harbor? The Supreme Court disapproved of the war. Most citizens refuse to support England. Most Governors approved of the Axis. Most of Congress refused to support the war
Most of Congress refused to support the war
"When an epidemic of physical disease starts to spread, the community approves and joins in a quarantine of the patients in order to protect the health of the community against the spread of the disease. . . . War is a contagion, whether it be declared or undeclared. It can engulf states and peoples remote from the original scene of hostilities. We are determined to keep out of war, yet we cannot insure ourselves against the disastrous effects of war and the dangers of involvement." —President Franklin Roosevelt, Quarantine speech, October 5, 1937 What sentence best expresses President Roosevelt's message? No nation can be completely isolated from other nations. Entering a war sometimes results in fewer deaths than avoiding it. It is important to prioritize domestic issues over foreign affairs. America must isolate itself from other nations to avoid conflict.
No nation can be completely isolated from other nations.
D-Day refers to the American invasion of * Normandy Germany Japan Italy
Normandy
France was defeated by Germany Quickly (several weeks) Slowly (several years) Never; France beat back the Germans France immediately surrendered and didn't put up a fight
Quickly (several weeks)
The Rape of Nanking * Refers to the brutal treatment of Japanese civilians by Chinese soldiers Refers to the brutal treatment of Chinese civilians by Japanese soldiers Refers to the brutal treatment of American civilians by Japanese soldiers Refers to the brutal treatment of American soldiers by Japanese soldiers
Refers to the brutal treatment of Chinese civilians by Japanese soldiers
President Roosevelt created the War Refugee Board in 1944 to aid and rescue Jewish refugees. What other action, if taken, did some feel might have helped save more people? * Allied bombing of railroads to the concentration camps. Establishment of rescue projects, in 1942, in the Soviet Union which was closest to the camps. Safe havens for Jewish refugees in other European countries. Mass arrest of Nazi officers involved with the camps.
Safe havens for Jewish refugees in other European countries.
Which of the following is INCORRECT: The Lend-Lease Act allowed the USA to Send war supplies to Allied nations and transport war-related goods to Europe on armed ships transform the USA into an "arsenal of democracy," and helped end the depression in America Help the Soviet War Effort Secretly help fight the war against Germany without declaring war
Secretly help fight the war against Germany without declaring war
During WWII, African Americans soldiers * Could not serve in the military Served in an all black unit of fighter pilots called the "Red Tails" Served right alongside whites Were given the most dangerous missions
Served in an all black unit of fighter pilots called the "Red Tails"
Which of the following illustrates the fact that the Allies approached Germany from all sides? * The United States island-hopped, taking Iwo Jima and Okinawa, and later bombing Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Seventeen million people died in battle, and an estimated 20 million civilians died as well some say even 60 million all together.— The Allies liberated Paris, crossed the Rhine, and met the Soviets at the Elbe River, and the Soviets reoccupied the Ukraine, the Baltics, and Warsaw as well as southern states. The Allies landed on Normandy's beaches in the most well-known naval battle in all of history
Seventeen million people died in battle, and an estimated 20 million civilians died as well some say even 60 million all together.—
What led to the success of Operation Overlord? * The Allies convinced Hitler that the invasion would happen in Calais, causing him to order important forces away from the invasion site at Normandy. The Allies had already defeated Japan and could turn their full attention to the invasion of Europe. At all the landing sites at Normandy, the Allied troops met little resistance and could easily advance up the beaches. The navy of the Soviet Union sank many German U boats, helping troops from Britain and the United States to get across the English Channel safely.
The Allies convinced Hitler that the invasion would happen in Calais, causing him to order important forces away from the invasion site at Normandy.
What was the result of the Battle of Britain? * Hitler's army destroyed Britain's military forces. Britain decisively won the war. The United States decided to enter the war. The British air force rebuilt its strength.
The British air force rebuilt its strength.
What does the map suggest about the Soviet Union's role in World War II? * The Soviets suffered significant losses fighting Axis forces The Soviets joined Allied offensives in North Africa The Soviets saw heavy combat in Southwestern Europe The Soviets fought alongside other Allied forces in France
The Soviets suffered significant losses fighting Axis forces
Why didn't the West launch a military operation to end the Berlin blockade? The distance from West Germany to Berlin would make a military operation difficult. Funding from the Marshall Plan was not available to finance the operation. Ending the blockade was inconsistent with the idea of containing further Soviet expansion. President Truman and Congress were against ending the Berlin blockade.
The distance from West Germany to Berlin would make a military operation difficult.
The Bataan Death March was The march of POWs, who were bayoneted in the back for moving to slow The march of Japanese POWs, where many lost their lives The march of German POWs, where many lost their lives The march of British POWs, where many lost their lives
The march of POWs, who were bayoneted in the back for moving to slow
"The launching by the Soviet Union of the first earth satellite is an event of considerable technical and scientific importance. However, that importance should not be exaggerated. What has happened involves no basic discovery and the value of a satellite to mankind will for a long time be highly problematical. That the Soviet Union was first in this project is due to the high priority which the Soviet Union gives to scientific training and to the fact that since 1945 the Soviet Union has particularly emphasized developments in the fields of missiles and of outer space... The Soviets [have concentrated] upon developments in this field with a use of resources and effort not possible in time of peace to societies where the people are free to engage in pursuits of their own choosing and where public monies are limited by representatives of the people. Despotic societies which can command the activities and resources of all their people can often produce spectacular accomplishments. These, however, do not prove that freedom is not the best way." —John Foster Dulles, "Draft Statements on the Soviet Satellite," October 5, 1957 According to Dulles, why did the Soviets launch a satellite before the Americans? Their natural resources are greater than those in the United States. Their government dictated that the necessary resources be utilized. Their priorities lean towards conquest rather than promoting freedom. Their engineers were threatened with punishment if they did not do so.
Their government dictated that the necessary resources be utilized.
Hitler's main goal in the Battle of Britain was To defeat the British ground forces To defeat the British Navy To defeat the British civilian defense corps To destroy the British air force
To destroy the British air force
The Auschwitz complex included what three large camps? Auschwitz, Birkenau, Monowitz Treblinka, Auschwitz-Birkenau, Dachau Chełmno, Sobibór, Bełżec Auschwitz, Dachau, Chelmno
Treblinka, Auschwitz-Birkenau, Dachau
Why did the U.S. presence in Guam and the Philippines prior to the war create tension between Japan and America? * U.S. presence in the region robbed the Japanese of important trading partners. U.S. presence in the region jeopardized Japan's access to important natural resources. U.S. presence threatened Japan's ability to establish itself as the most powerful nation in the region. Japan feared the U.S. would launch an attack on Japan from Guam or the Philippines.
U.S. presence threatened Japan's ability to establish itself as the most powerful nation in the region.
What two nations held "ethnic" prisoners in camps during WWII? * Check Two United States Great Britain Japan Soviet Union Germany Italy France
United States Germany
The 38th parallel was the basis of 2/2 a conflict over shipping routes between Japan and North Korea. a new economic development zone related to the Marshall Plan. diplomatic talks that led to peace between North and South Korea. a cease-fire in the conflict between North and South Korea.
a cease-fire in the conflict between North and South Korea.
What was a major outcome of the Korean War (1950-1953)? a. Korea continued to be a divided nation. b. North Korea became an ally of the United States. c. South Korea became a communist nation. d. Control of Korea was turned over to the United Nations.
a. Korea continued to be a divided nation.
What was the main function of the Jewish ghettos of Europe? a. To separate Jews from the rest of the population b. To prevent Jews from owning property c. To allow Jews to better socialize with one another d. To make sure Jews had easy access to places of worship
a. To separate Jews from the rest of the population
The goal of President Harry Truman's Fair Deal was to a. continue reforms begun during Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency b. decrease government spending on social welfare programs c. reduce taxes on large corporations and wealthy individuals d. restore domestic policies that existed in the 1920s
a. continue reforms begun during Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency
In the cartoon, most of the "diseases" refer to the a. military dictatorships of the 1930s b. Allied powers of World War II c. nations banned from the United Nations after World War II d. Communist bloc countries in the Cold War
a. military dictatorships of the 1930s
In 1957, the Eisenhower Doctrine expanded the principles of the Truman Doctrine by extending Middle East military assistance in order to a. offset communist influence in the region b. combat anti-American terrorist threats c. force the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) to end its oil embargo d. defend Israel against Arab invasions
a. offset communist influence in the region
Base your answers to the question on the speakers' statements below and on your knowledge of American History. Which development is reflected in these headlines? a. the post-World War II expansion of communism b. the beginning of détente between the Soviet Union and the United States c. the return to an isolationist foreign policy d. the beginning of pro-democracy movements during the Cold War
a. the post-World War II expansion of communism
Stalin's Five-Year Plans were intended to transform the Soviet Union into * an agricultural society. an industrial society. a democracy. a monarchy.
an industrial society.
How did many citizens of Soviet-dominated countries in Eastern Europe interpret Khrushchev's talk of "peaceful co-existence" in the mid 1950s? an invitation to align themselves with NATO an opportunity to gain a degree of political autonomy a chance to benefit from Soviet economic expansion a statement that the Soviets would maintain control
an opportunity to gain a degree of political autonomy
The National Defense Education Act was passed amidst fears that there were not enough officers in U.S. military academies. the Soviet Union was producing better scientists and technology. the U.S. was falling behind in standards of literacy. arts were being funded more than science and math.
arts were being funded more than science and math.
The "second front" on the beaches at Normandy in France allowed the Allies to * win the war by attacking France from the west. attack Germany from the west at the same time as from the east. ramp up the war against Italy as well as Germany. fight Japan and Germany at the same time.
attack Germany from the west at the same time as from the east.
Base your answers to the questions on the speakers' statements below and on your knowledge of American History. Which speakers reflect the foreign policy beliefs of the Truman administration after World War II? a. A and B b. B and C c. A and D d. C and D
b. B and C
". . . The American people are sick and tired of being afraid to speak their minds lest they be politically smeared as 'Communists' or 'Fascists' by their opponents. Freedom of speech is not what it used to be in America. It has been so abused by some that it is not exercised by others.The American people are sick and tired of seeing innocent people smeared and guilty people whitewashed. But there have been enough proved cases to cause nationwide distrust and strong suspicion that there may be something to the unproved, sensational accusations. . . ." — Senator Margaret Chase Smith, United States Senate, June 1, 1950 When Senator Smith spoke these words, she was reacting to a. the Yellow Peril b. McCarthyism c. the Eisenhower Doctrine d. Progressivism
b. McCarthyism
Base your answer to the question on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of American History. The United States carried out the idea expressed in this late 1940s cartoon bya. forming a. forming a military alliance with Russia b. airlifting supplies to West Berlin c. accepting Russian authority over West Berlin d. agreeing to turn over control of Berlin to the United Nations Correct answer b. airlifting supplies to West Berlin
b. airlifting supplies to West Berlin
". . . Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. . . ." — President John F. Kennedy, Inaugural Address, 1961 This statement by President Kennedy suggests a continued commitment to the foreign policy of a. isolationism b. containment c. appeasement d. imperialism
b. containment
A controversial issue that resulted from World War II was the a. future role of the League of Nations b. morality of nuclear warfare c. commitment of troops without congressional approval d. civilian control of the military
b. morality of nuclear warfare
Base your answer to the question on the graph below and on your knowledge of American History. Information provided by the graph indicates that the Marshall Plan tried to prevent the spread of communism in Europe by a. providing military aid to France and Great Britain b. restoring economic stability throughout Western Europe c. encouraging domestic revolutions in Europe d. making European nations dependent on the United Nations
b. restoring economic stability throughout Western Europe
The main goal of the Truman Doctrine was to a. promote free elections in Europe. b. restrict the spread of communism. c. force Germany to pay war reparations. d. maintain international peace through the UN.
b. restrict the spread of communism.
To help pay for World War II, the United States government relied heavily on the a. money borrowed from foreign governments b. sale of war bonds c. sale of United States manufactured goods to neutral nations d. printing of additional paper money
b. sale of war bonds
The primary goal of the United States foreign policy of containment was to a. return to noninvolvement in world affairs b. stop communist influence from spreading c. gain territories in Africa and Latin America d. overthrow existing dictatorships
b. stop communist influence from spreading
Which event led the United States to enter World War II? * bombing of Pearl Harbor dropping of the atomic bomb sinking of the Arandora Star Munich Conference
bombing of Pearl Harbor
Secretary of State Dulles's approach to war can best be described as brinkmanship. massive retaliation. peaceful coexistence. mutually assured destruction.
brinkmanship.
The first serious disagreements between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II occurred over Soviet activities in a. Asia. b. Latin America. c. Eastern Europe. d. Western Europe
c. Eastern Europe.
Speaker A: "The current situation has necessitated that more women enter the workforce." Speaker B: "My family will have to get along without sugar and flour this week." Speaker C: "I say we should continue to support our president, even if a president has never been elected to four terms before now." Speaker D: "I support the government in everything it has to do, to be sure we are safe from fascism here at home." These speakers would have made these statements during a. World War I b. the Korean War c. World War II d. the Vietnam War
c. World War II
McCarthyism in the early 1950s resulted from a. new commitments to civil rights for African Americans b. opposition to the Marshall Plan c. charges that Communists had infiltrated the United States government d. increased public support for labor unions
c. charges that Communists had infiltrated the United States government
During World War II, this poster was used primarily to a. contain the spread of communism b. create jobs for the unemployed c. gain financial support for the war d. convince women to fill vacant factory jobs
c. gain financial support for the war
The immediate impact of the 1957 launch of Sputnik I was that it a. forced the United States to find new sources of fuel b. focused attention on the need to regulate the uses of outer space c. heightened the space race as a form of Cold War competition d. ended the period of peaceful coexistence between the United States and the Soviet Union
c. heightened the space race as a form of Cold War competition
The experiences of African Americans serving in the military forces during World War II influenced their postwar decision to a. renew support for the principle of separate but equal b. join the armed forces in record numbers c. increase efforts to end racial discrimination d. move back to the rural south
c. increase efforts to end racial discrimination
The GI Bill affected American society after World War II by a. eliminating child labor b. expanding voting rights c. increasing spending on space exploration d. extending educational and housing opportunities
c. increasing spending on space exploration d. extending educational and housing opportunities
The change in the nation's attitude toward membership in the League of Nations and membership in the United Nations shows the contrast between a. neutrality and containment b. appeasement and internationalism c. isolationism and involvement d. interventionism and détente
c. isolationism and involvement
The main foreign policy objective of the Marshall Plan (1948-1952) was to a. stop communist aggression in Korea b. fight poverty in Latin America c. rebuild the economies of European nations d. provide jobs for unemployed Americans
c. rebuild the economies of European nations
Raoul Wallenberg and Oskar Schindler a. were both members of the Nazi Party. b. led armed resistance movements against the Germans. c. risked their lives to rescue Jews. d. were both religious Christians. e. c and d.
c. risked their lives to rescue Jews.
The Truman Doctrine was established because of fears that communism would spread to other countries the Soviet Union would invade Eastern Europe. U.S. allies would not have enough economic aid after World War II. an international force was not strong enough to face the Communist threat.
communism would spread to other countries.
What Nazi leader lead the meeting at Wannsee? a. Adolf Eichmann b. Henry Morgenthau c. Heinrich Himmler d. Reinhard Heydrich e. c and d
d. Reinhard Heydrich
Why was the United States called the "arsenal of democracy" in 1940? a. The leaders in the democratic nations of Europe were educated in the United States. b. Most of the battles to defend worldwide democracy took place on American soil. c. The United States supervised elections in European nations before the war. d. The United States provided much of the weaponry needed to fight the Axis powers.
d. The United States provided much of the weaponry needed to fight the Axis powers.
". . . The people of Europe who are defending themselves do not ask us to do their fighting. They ask us for the implements of war, the planes, the tanks, the guns, the freighters which will enable them to fight for their liberty and for our security. Emphatically we must get these weapons to them, get them to them in sufficient volume and quickly enough, so that we and our children will be saved the agony and suffering of war which others have had to endure. . . ." — President Franklin D. Roosevelt's "Fireside Chat,"December 29, 1940 In this statement, President Franklin D. Roosevelt was asking the nation to a. support a declaration of war against Nazi Germany b. adopt a policy of containment c. join the League of Nations d. become the "arsenal of democracy"
d. become the "arsenal of democracy"
Which wartime policy toward Japanese Americans was upheld by the Supreme Court in its 1944 ruling in Korematsu v. United States? a. deportation to Japan b. mandatory military service c. denial of voting rights d. confinement in internment camps
d. confinement in internment camps
In an effort to both distinguish himself from Truman's policy of containment and eliminate the expense of maintaining a large conventional army, Eisenhower pursued a foreign policy collectively known as a. flexible response b. isolationism c. manifest destiny d. massive retaliation
d. massive retaliation
Which foreign policy decision by President Harry Truman is an example of the policy of containment? a. relieving General MacArthur of his Korean command b. recognizing the new nation of Israel c. supporting the trials of war criminals in Germany and Japan d. providing military aid to Greece and Turkey
d. providing military aid to Greece and Turkey
Before entering World War II, the United States acted as the "arsenal of democracy" by a. creating a weapons stockpile for use after the war b. financing overseas radio broadcasts in support of democracy c. providing workers for overseas factories d. supplying war materials to the Allies
d. supplying war materials to the Allies
During the Korean War, President Harry Truman removed General Douglas MacArthur from command because MacArthur a. called for an immediate end to the war b. refused to serve under the United Nations c. lacked the experience to provide wartime leadership d. threatened the constitutional principle of civilian control of the military
d. threatened the constitutional principle of civilian control of the military
During the postwar era, all minorities faced problems stemming from the legacy of slavery. discrimination in housing and employment. forced removal to reservations. language barriers and cultural segregation.
discrimination in housing and employment.
Which decision did President Truman make that most significantly altered the course of the war? * dividing Germany into four zones of occupation dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki asking for Soviet assistance in the war against Japan agreeing to diplomatic talks with the Soviet Union
dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
To be successful, the "Final Solution" required a. careful planning and organization by efficiency experts. b. millions of indifferent or uncaring people. c. cooperation of people in countries conquered by Germany. d. participation of those seeking to advance their careers. e. All of the above.
e. All of the above.
The "Final Solution" a. was carried out by a few hundred people. b. involved SS mobile killing units murdering Jews. c. included sending Jews to death camps. d. was like a large pogrom. e. b and c.
e. b and c.
Which of the following had the largest role in increasing consumer consumption during the 1950s? suburban migration ease in obtaining credit technological innovations an increase in shopping centers
ease in obtaining credit
The bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki * ended war in the Pacific. opened a second front in Asia. caused the Japanese seizure of Manchuria. was a result of the Potsdam Conference.
ended war in the Pacific.
"The undersigned, the Commander-in-Chief, United Nations Command, on the one hand, and the Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army and the Commander of the Chinese People's Volunteers, on the other hand, in the interest of stopping the Korean conflict, with its great toil of suffering and bloodshed on both sides, and with the objective of establishing an armistice which will insure a complete cessation of hostilities and of all acts of armed force in Korea until a final peaceful settlement is achieved, do individually, collectively, and mutually agree to accept and to be bound and governed by the conditions and terms of armistice set forth in the following articles and paragraphs, which said conditions and terms are intended to be purely military in character and to pertain solely to the belligerents in Korea..." —Preamble, Armistice Agreement for the Restoration of the South Korean State (1953) The text above is from an agreement that ended the Korean War. established a cease-fire in Korea. ended American intervention in Korea. established a democratic government in Korea.
established a cease-fire in Korea.
Why did Germany attack the Soviet Union, its former ally? * desire for the Soviets' riches deep-seated hatred of the Soviet people fear that the Soviet Union would support Britain the Soviet Union's deception of Germany
fear that the Soviet Union would support Britain
To address labor shortages during the war, Japan * developed mechanized assembly lines. forced workers to work double shifts. forced Korean and Chinese into becoming laborers. allowed women to hold jobs from which they had been banned.
forced Korean and Chinese into becoming laborers.
The purpose of bombing cities in World War II was to * cease evacuations of factory workers. frighten civilians and weaken morale. stop using torpedoes at sea. seize supplies from underground warehouses.
frighten civilians and weaken morale.
The United States carried on an "island-hopping campaign" in order to get close enough to mainland Japan to take over. reach the Soviet Union from the east. cause fewer casualties than a land war would. sneak up on Hitler from the sea.
get close enough to mainland Japan to take over.
Harry S. Truman authorized dropping the atomic bomb on Japan because * he wanted to see if it would work. he thought an invasion would kill too many U.S. troops. he was concerned that Japan also had the atomic bomb. the Allies wanted to use it.
he thought an invasion would kill too many U.S. troops.
Hitler ended Germany's depression, economic woes, and unemployment by * putting women to work in factories. passing the Nuremberg laws. implementing public works projects and a rearmament program. building more churches and universities.
implementing public works projects and a rearmament program.
"The time is past when a boy's chief possession was his bike and a girl's party wardrobe consisted of a fancy dress worn with a string of dime-store pearls. . . . Today's teenagers surround themselves with a fantastic array of garish and often expensive baubles and amusements. They own 10 million phonographs, over a million TV sets, 13 million cameras." —LIFE, August 31, 1959 This text underlies what growing phenomenon of the 1950s? the nuclear family permissive culture increased consumption technological advancement
increased consumption
In the 1950s, middle class prosperity and the abundance of inexpensive goods had the unexpected effect of encouraging discontent with conformity and materialism. converting more people to communism. damaging the environment. inspiring rock n' roll music.
inspiring rock n' roll music.
Mussolini's Fascist government attempted to control its citizens through * mass propaganda. mandatory military service in Fascist youth groups. untraditional roles for women. rewards and honors.
mass propaganda.
Hitler was confident that the Western states that had signed the Treaty of Versailles would * not mobilize their militaries to enforce it. avoid fighting to enforce the treaty. agree with his need to expand Germany's military. fear Germany more than they feared Stalin.
not mobilize their militaries to enforce it.
"You usually will know where the front is by the sound of gunfire, and that's the direction you should proceed. Now, suppose you lose a hand or an ear is shot off, or perhaps a piece of your nose, and you think you should walk back to get first aid. If I see you, it will be the last . . . walk you'll ever take." —General George S. Patton, Jr., addressing his junior officers Based on this quote, which word best describes General Patton? strategic flexible easy-going persistent
persistent
The fact that 1950 saw the greatest increase in the production of televisions is an indication of Cold War fears. postwar prosperity. the growing arms race. inflation and economic slump.
postwar prosperity.
Presidents Truman and Eisenhower both provided strong leadership in the 1940s and 1950s by actively containing communist aggression. reducing conventional forces in favor of nuclear weapons. promoting social welfare programs while reducing defense budgets. encouraging dialogue with communist countries through the United Nations.
promoting social welfare programs while reducing defense budgets.
Before WWII, how did Joseph Stalin come to power? * purging people he thought were a threat. preventing elections within the party. making promises of rewards and titles to people. using the popular vote of the people.
purging people he thought were a threat.
Hitler's political theories were based on * racism and nationalism. communism and socialism. democracy and socialism. communism and nationalism.
racism and nationalism.
The Nazis encouraged radio listening because * radio could be used for political purposes. the radio was a great new source of entertainment. the government could easily convey emergency information. the people could keep up-to-date on the news of the day.
radio could be used for political purposes.
The Nuremberg Laws segregated Jews at every level of German society. instituted the systematic extermination of German Jews. restricted the number of countries that accepted Jewish refugees. forced Jews out of their homes and into tightly cramped ghettoes.
segregated Jews at every level of German society.
The Smith Act was passed because of concerns that freedom of speech was threatened. some might advocate government overthrow. government agencies would screen employees for loyalty. laws might be introduced to arrest potential communists.
some might advocate government overthrow.
The Eisenhower administration transformed the American landscape forever by maintaining national parks, funding highway construction that helped the suburbs spread. providing low-interest loans to home buyers. strengthening national defense.
strengthening national defense.
"The West has won! I say this quite deliberately in such a crass way because you wanted to know how I felt emotionally. The West—well, we have succeeded. And the West has won and the others have not!" —Ella Barowsky, CNN interview, 1996 In this text, Barowsky was discussing how the Berlin Airlift succeeded in showing that the Soviet Union could be challenged. showed how the West could unite Berlin and defeat communism. failed to allow the Soviet Union to be defeated by the West. accomplished the Soviet goal of forcing the West to surrender.
succeeded in showing that the Soviet Union could be challenged.
This cartoon showing Hitler between two tanks was most likely drawn around the time of * the Allied attack on Normandy. the Allied invasion of Germany. the German attack on Great Britain. the German invasion of the Soviet Union.
the Allied invasion of Germany.
"The United States troops have done almost all the fighting and have suffered almost all the losses. They have suffered losses almost equal to those of both sides at the Battle of Gettysburg. . . . [it] will, I believe, be regarded as an ever-famous American victory. —Winston Churchill, Address to the House of Commons, January 18, 1945 In this address, Prime Minister Churchill is referencing the Battle of Okinawa. the Battle of Iwo Jima. the Battle of the Bulge. the Battle of Stalingrad.
the Battle of the Bulge.
Which of the following had the biggest impact on post-war economic prosperity in the United States? demobilization the Marshall Plan postwar inflation the GI Bill of Rights
the GI Bill of Rights
"I saw more planes coming in, passing over Battleship Row dropping bombs. I remember very clearly what looked like a dive-bomber coming in over the Arizona and dropping a bomb. I saw that bomb go down through what looked like a stack, and almost instantly it cracked the bottom of the Arizona, blowing the whole bow loose. It rose out of the water and settled. I could see flames, fire, and smoke coming out of that ship, and I saw two men flying through the air and the fire, screaming as they went." —Corpsman James F. Anderson In this text, Corpsman Anderson is describing the German blitzkrieg on Poland. the Allied invasion of Normandy. the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. the German U-boat attacks in the Atlantic.
the German U-boat attacks in the Atlantic.
With the battle of Midway * Japan succeeded in destroying U.S. aircraft carriers that were not destroyed at Pearl Harbor the United States and the Allies moved into an offensive position. Japan launched a surprise attack on the Allies. the Japanese moved into an offensive position.
the United States and the Allies moved into an offensive position.
Supporters of the Neutrality Act of 1939 believed that * the United States should send aid the democracies of Europe. the U.S. military should actively defend its threatened allies. participation in the League of Nations would reduce Congressional authority. complete neutrality was the best option in the face of German aggression.
the United States should send aid the democracies of Europe.
The U.S. experience was quite different from that of the other major powers because * people's lives were disrupted by the war. the United States was producing much of the military equipment. the United States was not fighting on its own territory. women were involved in the military.
the United States was not fighting on its own territory.
Which event ended the war in the Pacific? * the D-Day landing at Normandy the arrest of Mussolini the capture of Iwo Jima and Okinawa the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
The Battle of Stalingrad was a crushing defeat for Germany because * it was the first major defeat suffered by the German army. the entire Sixth Army, considered the best of the German troops, was lost. the German army outnumbered the Swiss army but could not take the city. Soviet soldiers used captured tanks to push Germany out of the Soviet Union.
the entire Sixth Army, considered the best of the German troops, was lost.
"We have reached complete agreement as to the scope and timing of the operations to be undertaken from the east, west and south. The common understanding which we have here reached guarantees that victory will be ours. . . . No power on earth can prevent our destroying the German armies by land, their U Boats by sea, and their war planes from the air." —Declaration of the Three Powers, December 1, 1943 What was the purpose of this declaration, which was issued after a meeting of the leaders of the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union? to explain the details of the military strategy of the Allies to show that the superior weaponry of the Allies would win the war to show that the Allies were unified in their efforts to defeat Germany to explain that not even Japan could stop the Allied victory in Europe
to show that the Allies were unified in their efforts to defeat Germany
What was a key reason that the Allies were able to stop the German and the Japanese forces? * shortage of air power among the Axis powers lack of desire by the German forces unity of purpose among the Allies disagreements between Japan and Germany
unity of purpose among the Allies
The Germans increased their workforce by * using slave labor from conquered countries. recruiting workers from other European countries. importing workers from Asia. forcing German women and children to work.
using slave labor from conquered countries.
Erwin Rommel, who led the German forces in northern Africa, later * was the first to surrender to the Allied troops. was charged with trying to assassinate Adolf Hitler. was convicted of war crimes in the Nuremberg Trials. was charged with treason for collaborating with the Allies.
was charged with trying to assassinate Adolf Hitler.
