history chapter 11 section 1 test
After Bull Run, Lincoln calls for ____________ additional soldiers and appoints ___________________ to lead Army of the Potomac
1 Million and general George McClellan
First states that secede after lincoln is elected and join confederate states of america
1. South Carolina 2. Mississippi 3. Florida 4. Alabama 5. Georgia 6. Lousiana 7. Texas
Majority of battles occurred within the ______ miles of Washington D.C. and richmond
100
when did confederates fire on ft. sumter?
1837 west point
Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's Army of the Tennessee had early successes in Kentucky and western Tennessee in ______ and ________, capturing the important strategic locations of forts Henry and Donelson.
1861 and 1862
March ________, Confederate troops surprise Union soldiers at _______________ and _______ counterattacks; Confederates retreat; thousands dead, wounded
1862 and Shiloh, Tennessee and Grant
States that secede after fall of Ft. Sumter
8. Virginia 9. Arkansas 10. Tennessee 11. North Carolina
When does the civil war begin?
April 12, 1861
Bull run is also known as....
Battle of Manassas and 1st Battle of Bull Run
The ___________ taught both sides a strategic lesson. Generals now realized that they had to send out scouts, dig trenches, and build fortifications. Shiloh also demonstrated how bloody the war might become, as nearly one-fourth of the battle's __________ troops were killed, wounded, or captured.
Battle of Shiloh and 100,000
The _____________________ was forced to defend an enormous area with limited resources.
Confederacy
Remembered for the most famous campaigns of the war and epic struggles between the _______________________, and the _______________________ under a series of less successful commanders.
Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, under Robert E Lee and Union Army of Potomac
Who immediately begins taking over federal installations in their states-- court houses, post offices, and especially quotes?
Confederate Soldiers
_________________ commands fleet that takes New Orleans, April 1862 and takes Baton Rouge, Natchez. He is remembered for his order at the _____________________ usually paraphrased as "Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead" in U.S. Navy tradition.
David G. Farragut and 1862 Battle of Mobile Bay
________________ essentially remained in stalemate until ______, Union troops in the west, beginning in 1861, were able to steadily surround and drive back the Confederate troops, forcing them into eventual capitulation.
Eastern Theater and 1864
The bloodiest battle of the war _____________ and the bloodiest single day of the war __________ were both fought in the Eastern theater.
Gettysburg and Antietam
What was Lincoln's clever Political maneuver?
He would not abandon Fort Sumter, but neither would he reinforce it. He would merely send in "food for hungry men."
What was Jefferson Davis's dilemma?
If he did nothing, he would damage the image of the Confederacy as a sovereign, independent nation. On the other hand, if he ordered an attack on Fort Sumter, he would turn peaceful secession into war. Davis chose war.
Who did Lincoln's political shrewdness put dilemma onto?
Jefferson Davis
Feb. 1862, Grant captures Confederate Forts Henry, Donelson and union operations began with securing ________ for the Union in September 1861.
Kentucky
Five slave states that remain in Union
Missouri Kentucky Maryland Delaware West Virginia
What border states remain in union?
Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland and Delaware
March 1862, North's ___________, South's ____________ fight to a draw
Monitor and Merrimack
When does Lincoln fire McClellan?
November 1862
Where was the important South Carolina's Ft. Sumter?
On an island in Charleston harbor
What were some of Lincoln's Dilemmas as President?
Reinforcing fort by force would lead rest of slave states to secede and Lincoln would be the aggressor responsible for starting hostilities. Evacuating fort would legitimize Confederacy, endanger Union, weaken his administration, and anger Republican Party
McClellan waits to attack ____________ ; drills troops for 5 months
Richmond
New Weapons were: __________ more accurate, faster loading, fire more rounds than muskets and the ________________ (more destructive bullet)
Rifles and Minié ball
Spring 1862, ___________ takes command of Southern army
Robert E. Lee
The Union advantage was control of the ____________________, which would allow an army that stayed close to the ocean to be reinforced and supplied.
Sea and Major Rivers
_________ showed that Confederacy vulnerable in West
Shiloh
Telegraph
The invention of it changed the way wars were fought. President Lincoln and the Union military leaders were able to communicate in real time using this. They had updated information on enemy troop strengths and battle results. This gave them an advantage over the South which did not have the same communications infrastructure.
Railroads
They also had a major impact on the war. They enabled armies to move large numbers of troops long distances very quickly. Again, the more advanced industry of the North gave the Union an advantage in transportation as there were more tracks in the North than in the South.
By the time of Abraham's inauguration on March 4, how many southern forts remained in Union Hands?
Two
Who was the brave tough decisive commander in western theater?
Union General Ulysses S. Grant
After the two day battle the __________ finally won. As a result of the victory the Union was able to secure their position on the __________ front
Union and western
anaconda plan
Union strategy to conquer South - blockade Southern ports - divide Confederacy in two in west - capture Richmond, Confederate capital
What state is unwilling to fight south and secedes from the union and whose antislavery western counties secede from?
Virginia
The capitals of both __________ and ____________ were attacked or besieged.
Washington D.C. and Richmond
Who becomes a union state in 1863?
West Virginia
It's been argued that the _________ theater was more strategically important in defeating the confederacy
Western
why was Thomas J. Jackson called Stonewall Jackson?
because he had a firm stand in battle
Antietam
bloodiest single-day battle: 23,000 casualties
Eastern Theater
consists of the major military and naval operations in the states of Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania, the District of Columbia
Confederate Advantages
cotton profits, generals, motivation
confederate strategy
defense, invade North if opportunity arrises
Western Theater
encompassed major military operations in the states of Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, North Carolina, Kentucky, South Carolina and Tennessee, as well as Louisiana east of the Mississippi River.
Bull Run
first battle, near Washington; Confederate victory
Balloons
new technology used by the Union. They would fly above enemy troops to determine their movements, numbers, and locations. The South soon figured out ways to combat the them including camouflage and ways of shooting them down.
The eastern Theater was...
noted for strategic significance, proximity to the large population centers, major newspapers, and the capital cities of the opposing parties
Union advantages
soldiers, factories, food, railroads
The Civil War introduced ____________ into naval warfare
submarines
Fall of Ft. Sumter unites ____________ and volunteers rush to enlist.
the North
Ft. Sumter Union Commander Major Anderson said...
" Having defended Fort Sumter for thirty-four hours, until the quarters were entirely burned, the main gates destroyed by fire,the magazine surrounded by flames, four barrels and three cartridges of powder only being available, and no provisions but pork remaining, I accepted terms of evacuation, and marched out of the fort with colors flying and drums beating . . . and saluting my flag with fifty guns."
Ulysses S. Grant earns nickname ________________________ from his initials U.S.G. after Grant informed the Southern commander that "no terms except unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted."
"Unconditional Surrender Grant"