History Chapter 11 Study Guide

Why was the Battle of Gettysburg such a turning point in the Civil War for the Union?

Turning point because it crippled the South so badly it would never recover from the loss; shattered Southern morale

Who was Clara Barton, and what was her role and legacy in the Civil War?

Union nurse that often cared for the sick and wounded on the front lines •She displayed courage at Antietam, and was known as the "angel of the battlefield"

What was the Anaconda Plan?

1. The Union navy would blockade Southern ports so that they couldn't import or export cotton or manufactured goods 2. Union riverboats and armies would move down the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy in two. 3.Union armies would capture the Confederate capital in Richmond, Virginia

What law finally abolished the institution of slavery, everywhere in the US?

13th Amendment

What was the purpose of Lincoln's Gettysburg Address?

Abraham Lincoln helped the nation realize that it was a single country, not just a collection of states. It told the Union to keep fighting; sacrifice worth it

What were the advantages of the Union at the start of the war?

Advantages were that they had more people, more factories, more food production, better railroads, and a skilled leader (Lincoln).

What did the Emancipation Proclamation accomplish?

It declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free. "It freed slaves in the confederacy

Why did Lincoln suspend the writ of habeas corpus? •

Disloyalty and dissent among Confederate sympathizers in Maryland • The need to win the war • The need to protect the Union Army from Confederate sympathizers

Why did John Wilkes Booth assassinate Lincoln?

He assassinated Lincoln after General Lee surrendered at Appomattox, and he was a Southern sympathizer.

How did Lincoln turn the railroads into a weapon of war? Why couldn't the South?

He had 20,000 miles of railroad. He used the railroads to have soldiers move from one place to another. He also used it in his Anaconda Plan. The South couldn't use railroads because of their tradition of a local and limited government, and resistance to a centralized government.

What were the advantages possessed by ironclad ships over wooden ones?

Ironclad ships could splinter wood ships, withstand cannon fire and resist burning

Why didn't Lincoln and the Union fire first during the Battle of Fort Sumter? How did this lead the Confederacy get their first victory?

Lincoln didn't want to be responsible for starting the battle. The Confederacy demanded that the Union surrendered, but he refused to abandon the fort. The confederacy attacked the fort and seized it. Lincoln decided to go to war.

What was Lincoln's goal at the start of the war?

Lincoln wanted to keep the Union together.

What was Lincoln's goal for peace after the Civil War?

Lincoln wanted to make sure the south come in as easily as possible.

Life during War a. What were some of the hardships faced by all soldiers during the Civil War? b. What were some of the opportunities and hardships faced by African-American soldiers during the Civil War? c. What were some of the hardships faced by the Confederacy and the Confederates that hurt the war effort? d. What were some of the hardships and opportunities that women faced during the Civil War?

Soldiers: • Filthy surroundings; limited diet • Inadequate healthcare; death through injury and disease • Injury and disease both on the battlefields and prison camps Women: • In the North, entered paid labor force • In the South, took on more responsibility in farms and plantations • In the North and South, served as nurses and worked in hospitals African American: • Discrimination; separate regiments that were commanded by white officers • Not allowed to rise beyond the rank of captain; lower pay • Higher mortality rate

Why couldn't the South use their "king cotton" to persuade other countries to help them fight?

The South thought that they could threaten England, etc. with their cotton, but at the time, England had India (they had a supply of cotton) and were also against slavery.

How did the war turn in favor of the Union?

The battle of Gettysburg was the turning point for the Union because it crippled the south so badly, that it would never recover from the loss and shattered their morale.

What was the last battle that McClellan commanded for Lincoln?

The last battle was the battle of Antietam.

What was the importance of transportation and the railroads to the war effort?

The transportation and railroads were important because it allowed for troops to sneak under and transport from one place to another. It allowed troops to transport supplies as well.

What were the advantages of the South at the start of the war?

Their advantages included better generals and soldiers eager to defend their way of life. Also, the North would have to conquer Southern territory to win.

What did Sherman hope to accomplish with his March to the Sea?

o After Sherman's army occupied the transportation center of Atlanta, the Confederate army tried to circle and cut off his railroad supply lines• Sherman's march o In response, Sherman marched southeast through Georgia creating a wide path of destruction o He burned most of Atlanta and set towards the coast

What happened at the Battle of Vicksburg?

o Grant sent a cavalry brigade to destroy rail lines in central Mississippi and draw attention away from the port city o Grant held Vicksburg under siege with a steady barrage of artillery, forcing its residents to take shelter • Citizens were forced to starve and even eat cats and dogs o Confederate soldiers demanded their commander surrender

Why were David Farragut's victories at New Orleans etc. help the Union?

o If the Union captured all the major cities along the lower Mississippi, Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas and Tennessee would be cut off from the Confederacy

How did women in the North contribute to the war effort?

o Northern women replaced men on farms and city jobs •They obtained government jobs for the first time •Worked mostly as clerks, but after the war, women remained a regular part of the government workforce

What were the NY draft riots? Why were people angry?

o Rioters wrecked draft offices, Republican newspaper offices, and the homes of antislavery leaders o Attacked well dressed men and African Americans o More than 100 people died during the four days

Why didn't England support the Confederacy?

emancipation would discourage Britain from supporting the Confederacy as the abolition movement was strong in England

Why did the Union army recruit African American soldiers?

it wasn't until after the Emancipation Proclamation that large scale enlistment occurred

What were some of the challenges faced by African American soldiers in the Union army?

• Discrimination; separate regiments that were commanded by white officers • Not allowed to rise beyond the rank of captain; lower pay • Higher mortality rate

2. The Effects of the Civil War a. What effect did the Civil War have on individual lives? b. What were the political effects of the Civil War? What were some political changes that took place? c. What were the economic effects of the Civil War, on both the North and the South? d. What effect did the Civil War have on the institution of slavery?

• Enslaved people freed • Increased federal government's power • Strengthened banking system • Caused the Northern economy to grow • Caused the Southern economy to decline • Weapons become more deadly • New military strategies developed • Families disrupted • Many men disabled Political Life Secessionist threats never again used; federal government's power dramatically increased US Economy Businesses helped by various measures taken by the federal government; greater opportunities for entrepreneurs; the Northern economy boomed; the Southern economy devastated; industry, livestock, farm machinery, railroads and farmlands of the South destroyed; economic gap between North and South gets wider Soldiers and Civilians 36,000 Union soldiers killed; 275,000 wounded; 260,000 Confederate soldiers killed, 225,000 wounded; millions of lives disrupted by war African Americans Freedom; the 13th amendment abolishes slavery

How did life for women in the South change with the war?

• In the South, took on more responsibility in farms and plantations