History Chapter 14

By the spring of 1865, about how many African Americans were serving in the Union army?

200,000

How did Abraham Lincoln view secession?

As an illegal act that constituted an insurrection against the Union

How did Abraham Lincoln respond to the secession of six states before he became president?

He stood firm in his commitment to the Union and left little room for negotiation with the secessionists.

During the Civil War, Chicago was known as the primary producer of what commodities?

Hogs and cattle

How did Abraham Lincoln view the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation?

It changed the war into one of subjugation and destruction of the Old South.

In June 1864, the Union forces of Ulysses S. Grant laid siege to which important railroad center in Virginia?

Petersburg

What battle induced the Confederacy to institute a draft?

Shiloh

What was the "great truth" that Confederate vice president Alexander Stephens said was the "cornerstone" of the Confederacy?

Slavery was the natural condition of African Americans.

Secession came earliest in which states?

Those with the highest concentration of slaves

Based on the map of the Battle of Gettysburg, what statement explains the course of the battle?

Union forces were driven back the first two days but repelled a Confederate attack on the third to win the battle.

When did the Civil War technically begin?

When Confederate forces bombarded Fort Sumter

Which general was one of the first Union officials to refuse to return runaway slaves to their masters?

Benjamin Butler

What was the first major battle of the Civil War, in which Union forces were driven back by Confederate forces?

Bull Run

How did African Americans precipitate the adoption of the policy of emancipation?

By slaves escaping across Union lines

Which mixed-blood native people owned slaves and remained loyal to the Confederacy?

Cherokee

Which announcement by Abraham Lincoln freed the slaves in the rebellious states and gave the war a moral and political purpose?

Emancipation Proclamation

Who commanded the Union troops at the Battle of Gettysburg?

George G. Meade

What justification did Abraham Lincoln give for announcing the emancipation policy?

Military necessity

Which state was the first to secede from the Union?

South Carolina

What loophole of the South's draft was controversial?

The ability of draftees to hire substitutes

The Civil War marked the beginning of modern funeral practices with the introduction of

new embalming techniques.

Based on this map, at which position did Union troops repel Pickett's Charge in July 1863?

At Cemetery Ridge

Why did the southern cotton export industry not turn out to be an effective means of pressuring Britain to assist the Confederacy?

British manufacturers had begun to explore new resources in Egypt and India.

How did Senator John C. Crittenden think that his compromise plan would solve the secession crisis of 1861?

By allowing the extension of slavery but limiting its spread, it had something for both the South and North.

Prior to instituting a draft, the Union was able to recruit nearly 1,000,000 men to serve in the army in what way?

By paying them a $600 cash bounty

American women played an important role in organizing the distribution of supplies and the staffing of field hospitals with nurses during the Civil War. One of these women, who later founded the American Red Cross, was

Clara Barton.

African American slaves who escaped across Confederate lines to Union military camps in mid-1861 were known by the federal government as what?

Contrabands

What was the derogatory term used for political opponents of Abraham Lincoln who campaigned in 1864 on the promise of ending hostilities and calling a special convention to restore peace and the Union?

Copperheads

In 1862, which Union naval officer took New Orleans, opening the Mississippi River to Union control?

David Farragut

What was the major cause of death for soldiers serving in the Civil War?

Disease

Which act sparked opposition and violence in the North in 1863?

Enrollment Act

Which federal military installation was attacked by the South at the start of the Civil War in 1861?

Fort Sumter

What Union general was appointed commander of the Army of the Potomac in 1862, but was later dismissed by Lincoln because he lacked the stomach to commit his forces to battle?

George B. McClellan

On July 3, 1863, Robert E. Lee sent 14,000 men under the command of which general into a desperate frontal assault against the Union lines along Cemetery Ridge at the Gettysburg battlefield?

George Pickett

What was the primary reason Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in September 1862?

He believed that the war was a struggle to end slavery.

How did Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase build a large national banking system?

He forced thousands of existing banks into federal charters.

Why did Abraham Lincoln reject General Winfield Scott's plan for the war early in 1861?

He found it to be not aggressive enough.

Which act gave 160 acres of public lands to settlers after five years of residence and improvement?

Homestead Act

What was a result of General Ulysses S. Grant's campaign in Virginia in the spring and summer of 1864?

It caused severe casualties for both armies but did not end the war.

What was the significance of the assault on Fort Wagner by the 54th Massachusetts Infantry?

It convinced Union officers of the value of black soldiers.

Why was Maryland a strategic location that Abraham Lincoln was determined to keep in the Union?

It covered the nation's capital on three sides.

Why did southerners object to the Confederate draft?

It favored the rich.

What statement describes the actual change in status of slaves in January 1863 as a result of the Emancipation Proclamation?

It freed only slaves in states still in rebellion and did not change the status of a single slave.

What statement characterizes the federal government during the Civil War?

It grew in power and centralized authority.

Why was Vicksburg an important target for the Union armies?

Its capture would cut the Confederacy in half at the Mississippi River.

Which senator backed a last-ditch effort to forge a compromise between the North and the South in early 1861?

John J. Crittenden

What did the Confederacy rely upon to provide income to fund the war effort?

King Cotton

Why was General George B. McClellan relieved of his command of the Army of the Potomac by Abraham Lincoln in 1862?

Lincoln thought McClellan lacked the nerve to use his troops to achieve a major victory.

What group of northerners was most likely to support the war effort?

Native-born Republicans

Which southern city did U.S. Admiral David Farragut capture in 1862?

New Orleans

In July 1863, hostility to the draft, especially among Irish and German immigrants, erupted into five days of violent rioting and murder in what city?

New York City

Why did the border states—Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri—where slavery was legal, not join other southern states in seceding in the months before Abraham Lincoln took office?

Nonslaveholding yeomen had more political strength there.

Based on the map, which of the following areas would be least likely to supply men for the Confederate army?

Northern Georgia

What did the Confederacy primarily use to finance its effort in the Civil War?

Paper money

In 1864, Ulysses S. Grant sent troops under which general to punish Shenandoah Valley residents for supplying Confederate troops?

Philip Sheridan

The U.S. Sanitary Commission was an example of what phenomenon of the Civil War?

Private contributions to the war effort

Which southern city was the last to come under Union control?

Raleigh, North Carolina

The victory of which political party in 1860 threatened southern whites?

Republican

Compare the figures for the northern and southern economies in 1860. In what way were the disadvantages of the South even more pronounced than these data suggest?

Southern population data counted slaves as well as white Americans.

Why did the Confederacy not achieve a more effective economic program?

States' rights philosophy left most power with the state governments.

What factor made it important to Abraham Lincoln to keep Kentucky and Maryland in the Union?

Strategic location

Which naval vessel did the Confederacy use to sink over one hundred Union merchant ships?

The Alabama

Based on the map, what generalization can be made about the Union conquest of the South?

The Union strategy focused on Tennessee and the Mississippi River Valley first.

Why did the northwestern section of Virginia decide to break away from that state?

The counties in Virginia's northwest were dominated by yeomen farmers with strong Union loyalties.

This photo of a little girl holding a picture of a deceased soldier at the time of the Civil War is illustrative of what trend?

The creation of new industries and cultural rituals associated with death

What eroded northern support for the war in May 1863?

The defeat at Chancellorsville

Why did the upper age limit of the Confederate draft jump from thirty-five to forty-five in September 1862?

The heavy casualties at Antietam highlighted the need for more manpower.

In the South, women worked as civil servants in what part of the Confederate government?

The postal service

According to Abraham Lincoln, why was secession illegal?

The union was "perpetual."

After the victory at Gettysburg, what did Abraham Lincoln expect?

The war would continue indefinitely.

What was the Democratic response to emancipation?

They condemned it as unconstitutional.

Why did northern immigrants in New York City turn to violence over the draft?

They feared the potential presence of freed slaves.

What strategy did Abraham Lincoln formulate early in the Civil War?

To try to end the war with a quick victory

Which general emerged as a major figure in the Union army with several victories capped by the capture of Vicksburg in July 1863?

Ulysses S. Grant

Based on the map, which of the following states was most deeply divided over seceding in 1861?

Virginia

An entry in Judith White Brockenbrough's diary from the days after the end of the war records an incident in which an "officer one morning sent for Mrs. N. [to return an item stolen by Union soldiers]. . . . She thanked him for his kindness. He seemed moved and said, "Mrs. N., I will do what I can for you, for I cannot be too thankful that my wife is not in an invaded country." What did this incident tell Judith Brockenbrough about the state of the union at the time?

With the war over, a lot more connected than divided the victors and the defeated.