History Chapters 1-3 Review

Between the arrival of the first Europeans and the end of the Civil War, the Indian population of North American dropped from one million to about-

350,000

What was the Social Gospel?

A religious movement to tackle social issues

Which of the following was included in theatrical and dime novel depictions of the American West?

Amazing feats of skilled horseback riding, roping, and shooting.

The major factor in drawing country people off the farms and into the big cities was the-

Availability of industrial jobs

Industrialization occurred in the U.S. primarily because-

Businessmen and Scientists worked together to make more efficient systems

Which of the following statements about nineteenth-century Chinese immigrants to the U.S. is accurate?

By 1880, three-fourths of Chinese immigrants lived in California, where many worked on farms.

What occurred at Sand Creek?

Colorado Volunteer regiment wiped out peaceful Indians

The development of electric trolleys in the late nineteenth century transformed the American city by-

Creating distinct districts devoted to residential neighborhoods, commerce, and industry

What group of people came to the United States after the 1880s?

Eastern Europe

Between 1880 and 1900, most immigrants coming to the United States settled in cities because

Factory and workshop jobs were available there

Laissez Faire was-

Government did not involve itself in the economy

Which individual is credited with developing a new process to make steel more affordable?

Henry Bessemer

All of the following were important factors in post-Civil War industrial expansion except-

Immigration restrictions

According to the authors of the Dawes Severalty Act, what constituted a civilized life for Native Americans in the later nineteenth century?

Individual property ownership and farming on family plots.

How did the passage of the Dawes Act affect Native American Indians?

It attempted to assimilate them into mainstream American culture.

Which of the following is true of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890?

It led to federal control of the railroads

What was a settlement house in the late 1800s?

It was a place where immigrants received education and child care

She established Hull House, a successful early Chicago settlement house.

Jane Addams

What economic industry did not motivate Americans to go West?

Manufacturing

Why was the Hollywood version of the western "cowboy" based more on fantasy than reality?

Most cowboys were low-paid workers, some of whom even went on strike for higher wages.

This Supreme Court case established the "separate but equal" doctrine of segregation.

Plessy v. Ferguson

The United States Government offered Land and Cash Grants to which industry?

Railroad

What was NOT a reason that brought Immigrants to the United States?

Retirement

Which demographic shift occurred in the United States in the late nineteenth century as a result of industrialization?

Rural residents moved into urban areas

What challenges did cities face during the period of urbanization?

Sanitation Fire Overpopulation

"Competition is a law of nature...and can no more be done away with than gravitation...{I}f we do not like the survival of the fittest, we have only one possible alternative, survival of the unfittest. The former is the law of civilization, the latter is the law of anti-civilization." The quote above is an example of which of the following schools of thought?

Social Darwinism

What was Social Darwinism?

Survival of the fittest in relation to economic well-being

Which statement accurately describes the development of the Great Plains in the late nineteenth century?

Technological innovations made farming there possible

Which group aided the immigrants the most?

The Non-Government Citizens

What incited the Indian wars of the 1860's?

The Sand Creek Massacre

One of the greatest changes that industrialization brought about in the lives of workers was-

The need for them to adjust their lives to the time clock

What was the aim of Carlisle, a boarding school for Indians?

To civilize the Indians, making them "American," as whites defined the term.

In the late nineteenth century, the "bosses" of urban political machines often-

accepted bribes in return for favors

The bitter conflict between whites and Indians intensified-

as the mining frontier expanded

Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the "New" immigrants?

came from Northern and Western Europe

During the late 1800's and early 1900's, prejudice against New Immigrants increased because these immigrants-

came from cultural backgrounds different from those of the majority of Americans

Which of the following was NOT a contributing factor to the growth of the American economy during the Gilded Age?

capital was in short supply

Andrew Carnegie's system of vertical integration:

combined all facets of an industry, from raw material to final product, within a single company

William Cody:

created a "Wild West" show that toured the United States and Europe.

All of the following were impacts of industrialization on America EXCEPT-

decline in labor discontent

Tenements were:

designed to house as many people as cheaply as possible

The impact of the second industrial revolution on the trans-Mississippi West was:

dramatic as an agricultural empire grew.

To assimilate Indians into American society, the Dawes Act did all of the following except-

expend recognized tribes' collective land ownership holdings

John Dewey was important in educational reforms because-

he pushed for an end to un-imaginative and repetitive lessons

Rockefeller's Standard Oil achieved near monopolistic control of the oil industry through-

horizontal integration

During the late nineteenth century, where were the reservations located that North American Indian tribes were sent to?

in sparsely populated areas of the West

Nineteenth-century Americans imagined the "Wild West" as all of the following EXCEPT:

isolate farms, where men and women carved out difficult lives on the Great Plains

Which of the following best account for the success of the American Federation of Labor in organizing labor in the late 1800's?

its policy of organizing only skilled craftsmen

The first major product of the oil industry was:

kerosene

Why did western territories take longer than eastern territories to achieve statehood?

many easterners were wary of granting statehood until white and non-Mormon settlers counterbalanced the large Latino and Mormon populations

The Indian victory at the Little Bighorn:

only temporarily delayed the advance of white settlement.

The Homestead Act (1862) promoted the development of western lands by-

providing free land to settlers

The use of steel hulls and steam power in ocean ships had which of the following consequences on world trade?

regular, repeatable schedules led to a lowering of prices on goods

The decisions of the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries generally did which of the following?

strengthened the position of big business

A major incentive that drove captains of industry to invent machines was-

that machines would enable them to replace expensive skilled workers with cheap unskilled workers

The second industrial revolution was marked by:

the acceleration of factory production and increased activity in the mining and railroad industries

Which event forced the Lakota Indians to give up their land in the Black Hills during the 1870's?

the discovery of gold

American cities increasingly abandoned wooden construction for brink and steel in their downtown districts after-

the great Chicago fire of 1871

In the warfare that raged between the Indians and the American military after the Civil War,-

there was often great cruelty and massacres on both sides.

Which of the following innovations of the period is incorrectly matched with its date of development?

transatlantic cable - 1877

Which of the following does NOT describe the impact of corporations on the American West?

urban populations in California declined as people oved to the centers of agricultural production

Chief Joseph:

wanted freedom for his people, the Nez Perce

The Ghost Dance:

was a religious revitalization campaign among Indians, feared by whites

Which of the following was NOT a popular leisure activity of the Gilded Age?

watching movies

Political machines:

were organizations that traded social services for votes

By 1890, the majority of Americans:

worked for wages

Chinese immigrants to the West:

worked in shoe and cigar factories in western cities