history exam 2

c

Which of the following served as a guide on the Lewis and Clark expedition? A. Patrick Gass B. Zebulon Pike C. Sacagawea D. York

c

. Which of the following is true concerning the British policy of impressment? A. The practice was greatly exaggerated by American politicians seeking votes. B. The practice led to a decision by American shippers not to trade with Britain until it was stopped. C. The practice made a mockery of U.S. citizenship and of America's sovereignty. D. The practice ended as a result of the treaty negotiated by William Pinckney and James Monroe.

Nat Turner

(1800-1831) American slave leader, he claimed that divine inspiration had led him to end the slavery system. Called Nat Turner's Rebellion, the slave revolt was the most violent one in U.S. history; he was tried, convicted, and executed.

James Madison

(1809-1813) and (1813-1817) The War of 1812, the US declares war on Great Britain. In 1814, the British (technically the Canadians) set fire to the Capitol. The Treaty of Ghent ends the war in 1814., The fourth President of the United States (1809-1817). A member of the Continental Congress (1780-1783) and the Constitutional Convention (1787), he strongly supported ratification of the Constitution and was a contributor to The Federalist Papers (1787-1788), which argued the effectiveness of the proposed constitution. Favored strict interpretation of the Constitution.

Missouri Compromise

(1820) an agreement proposed by Henry Clay that allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state and Maine to enter as a free state and outlawed slavery in any territories or states north of 36°30´ latitude "Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states.

Whiskey Rebellion

(GW) In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion.

Telegraphs

-Transportation and Factories weren't the only things changing during the Industrial Revolution; Communication changed massively as wel

b

. Which of the following statements best expresses the criticism leveled against Hamilton's proposal that Congress assume outstanding state debts? A. The plan is fine except for the fact that it will cost the government far more than it can afford. B. The plan will enrich speculators who have purchased securities at a small fraction of their face value. C. The plan will disrupt the national economy. D. The plan violates the Constitution, which does not specifically authorize Congress to assume state debts.

d

. Which of the following was a result of the Quasi-War? A. The United States agreed to honor the terms of its 1778 treaty with France. B. American forces wrested control of the port of New Orleans from France. C. French forces invaded the United States through Spanish Florida. D. The United States Navy established its superiority over French forces in the West Indies.

a

. Which of the following would have been most likely to benefit from the Embargo Act? A. The owner of a New England textile mill B. A dock worker in New England C. Factory workers in England D. West Indian merchants

a

.Which of the following was a consequence of the XYZ affair? A. Anti-French sentiment increased in the United States, and the nation became embroiled in its first undeclared war. B. The United States entered into a formal alliance with Great Britain. C. To prove that the United States government was sincere in its desire to negotiate with France, Congress authorized the payment of $250,000 to the French government. D. President Adams was su

d

1. The Second Amendment says that the people shall have the right "to keep and bear arms" because of the A. right of the people to obtain food by hunting. B. need for protection against criminals. C. right to fight tyranny. D. need for a well-regulated militia.

Alexander Hamilton

1789-1795; First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt. Hamilton was supported most likely by business owners and opposed by Thomas Jefferson, who believed his tariff policy would hurt the small farmer.

Federalist Party

1792-1816. Formed by Alexander Hamilton. Controlled the government until 1801. Wanted strong nationalistic government. Opposed by Democratic Republicans. A political party created in the 1790s and influenced by Alexander Hamilton that wanted to strengthen the federal government and promote industry and trade.

XYZ Affair

1798 - A commission had been sent to France in 1797 to discuss the disputes that had arisen out of the U.S.'s refusal to honor the Franco-American Treaty of 1778. President Adams had also criticized the French Revolution, so France began to break off relations with the U.S. Adams sent delegates to meet with French foreign minister Talleyrand in the hopes of working things out. Talleyrand's three agents told the American delegates that they could meet with Talleyrand only in exchange for a very large bribe. The Americans did not pay the bribe, and in 1798 Adams made the incident public, substituting the letters "X, Y and Z" for the names of the three French agents in his report to Congress.

Louisiana Purchase

1803 - The U.S. purchased the land from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains from Napoleon for $15 million. Jefferson was interested in the territory because it would give the U.S. the Mississippi River and New Orleans (both were valuable for trade and shipping) and also room to expand. Napoleon wanted to sell because he needed money for his European campaigns and because a rebellion against the French in Haiti had soured him on the idea of New World colonies. The Constitution did not give the federal government the power to buy land, so Jefferson used loose construction to justify the purchase.

Lewis and Clark Expedition

1804-1806 - Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were commissioned by Jefferson to map and explore the Louisiana Purchase region. Beginning at St. Louis, Missouri, the expedition travelled up the Missouri River to the Great Divide, and then down the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean. It produced extensive maps of the area and recorded many scientific discoveries, greatly facilitating later settlement of the region and travel to the Pacific coast.

Embargo Act

1807 act which ended all of America's importation and exportation. Jefferson hoped the act would pressure the French and British to recognize U.S. neutrality rights in exchange for U.S. goods. Really, however, just hurt Americans and our economy and got repealed in 1809.

Monroe Doctrine

1823 - Declared that Europe should not interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere and that any attempt at interference by a European power would be seen as a threat to the U.S. It also declared that a New World colony which has gained independence may not be recolonized by Europe. (It was written at a time when many South American nations were gaining independence). Only England, in particular George Canning, supported the Monroe Doctrine. Mostly just a show of nationalism, the doctrine had no major impact until later in the 1800s.

Republican Party

1854 - anti-slavery Whigs and Democrats, Free Soilers and reformers from the Northwest met and formed party in order to keep slavery out of the territories Political party that believed in the non-expansion of slavery & consisted of Whigs, N. Democrats, & Free-Soilers in defiance to the Slave Powers

d

2. Through his fiscal policies, Hamilton wanted to A. shift the tax burden from the middle class to the upper class. B. reduce the national debt by streamlining the government. C. protect agrarian interests from organized business interests. D. consolidate power at the national level.

b

4. Why did Hamilton favor the assumption of state debts by the national government? A. He recognized that many of the states did not have the economic ability to honor their unpaid debts. B. He wanted to give the holders of public securities a financial stake in the survival of the national government. C. He personally stood to make a substantial profit from the assumption plan. D. He believed that patriots who had helped finance the Revolution deserved to be paid the money owed them.

Tecumseh

A Shawnee chief who, along with his brother, Tenskwatawa, a religious leader known as The Prophet, worked to unite the Northwestern Indian tribes. The league of tribes was defeated by an American army led by William Henry Harrison at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811. Tecumseh was killed fighting for the British during the War of 1812 at the Battle of the Thames in 1813.

Erie Canal

A canal between the New York cities of Albany and Buffalo, completed in 1825. The canal, considered a marvel of the modern world at the time, allowed western farmers to ship surplus crops to sell in the North and allowed northern manufacturers to ship finished goods to sell in the West.

Slave Religion

A distinctive version of Christianity adopted by slaves in the face of hardship. A blend of African traditions and Christian belief, slave religion was practiced in secret nighttime meetings on plantations and in ''praise meetings.''

War of 1812

A war (1812-1814) between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France. A war between the U.S. and Great Britain caused by American outrage over the impressment of American sailors by the British, the British seizure of American ships, and British aid to the Indians attacking the Americans on the western frontier. Also, a war against Britain gave the U.S. an excuse to seize the British northwest posts and to annex Florida from Britain's ally Spain, and possibly even to seize Canada from Britain. The War Hawks (young westerners led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun) argued for war in Congress. The war involved several sea battles and frontier skirmishes. U.S. troops led by Andrew Jackson seized Florida and at one point the British managed to invade and burn Washington, D.C. The Treaty of Ghent (December 1814) restored the status quo and required the U.S. to give back Florida. Two weeks later, Andrew Jackson's troops defeated the British at the Battle of New Orleans, not knowing that a peace treaty had already been signed. The war strengthened American nationalism and encouraged the growth of industry.

Quasi War with France

Adams was angry as a result of XYZ affair a trade was cutt off with French treaties of 1778 were repudited and impressment of French sailors was ordered; 1798 - Navy was being funded - captured 35 French ships; Britain - ally; Finally France reconciled and new treaty allied with French; undeclared war

Bill of Rights

Although the Anti-Federalists failed to block the ratification of the Constitution, they did ensure that the Bill of Rights would be created to protect individuals from government interference and possible tyranny. The Bill of Rights, drafted by a group led by James Madison, consisted of the first ten amendments to the Constitution, which guaranteed the civil rights of American citizens.

d

Analysis of the vote in favor of a declaration of war against Great Britain in 1812 supports which of the following conclusions? A. Support for the war came primarily from New England and the South. B. Congressmen from the South and West strongly opposed the war, and those from New England supported it. C. Because there was strong support for the war in all regions, the vote demonstrated American unity. D. Most representatives from the coastal states opposed the war.

c

As a result of the Chesapeake affair, A. Congress repealed the Non-Importation Act as a conciliatory gesture to the British. B. President Jefferson asked Congress to declare war against Great Britain. C. the military weakness of the United States was exposed. D. Great Britain attempted to blockade the American coastline.

a

As a result of the Louisiana Purchase, A. the United States controlled the mouth of the Mississippi River. B. Jefferson's prestige and power declined due to public anger. C. the United States suffered a severe economic downturn. D. the United States entered into an anti-British alliance with France.

Steamboats

Boats that could easily paddle upstream, became vital part of America's transportation system. Robert Fulton sailed his steamboat, the Clermont, up the Hudson River.

Impressment of Sailors

British are taking US sailors and making them their own soldiers. Example is the USS Chesapeake incident, where US sailors were taken from their ship by a British warship.

Treaty of Ghent

December 24, 1814 - Ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo. For the most part, territory captured in the war was returned to the original owner. It also set up a commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border.

Boom-and-Bust Cycles

Economic cycle that starts with a boom period where increased demand leads to higher prices and more production. It is followed by a bust where production surpasses demands causing prices and wages to fall.

Chief Justice John Marshall

Federalist whose decisions on the U.S. Supreme Court promoted federal power over state power and established judiciary as a branch of government equal to legislative and executive; established judicial review, which allows Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional

a

Hamilton's proposal concerning the assumption of state debts became law as a result of which of the following? A. A political deal was struck by which the site for the nation's capital was to be on the Potomac River. B. Having served under President Washington's command during the Revolutionary War, several opponents of the plan switched their votes out of a sense of duty. C. President Washington met privately with Madison and Jefferson, and convinced them that their opposition to the proposal was divisive. D. A joint Senate-House subcommittee agreed that those states that had paid their debts would be taxed at a lower rate than those whose debts were being assumed.

b

How did Republican leaders justify their opposition to Alexander Hamilton and his policies? A. They contended that republics were always characterized by debate engendered by the emergence of competing factions. B. They argued that they wanted to save the republic from Hamilton's plot to subvert republican principles and impose a corrupt government on the United States. C. They contended that because Alexander Hamilton was born in the British West Indies, he was prohibited by the Constitution from serving as secretary of the treasury. D. They argued that they were morally right and were bound to uphold God's law, not the laws put forward by a corrupt and adulterous man.

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Resolutions passed in 1798 that attacked the Alien and Sedition Acts as being unconstitutional Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional.

a

In his inaugural address, President Jefferson A. sought unity after the bitter presidential election of 1800 by declaring "we are all republicans, we are all federalists." B. called for a strong military establishment to protect the nation from foreign enemies. C. said that a strong national government was the primary bulwark "against anti-republican tendencies." D. put the Federalists on notice that he intended to purge them from appointive offices in the federal government.

Ethnic Tensions

In post World War II. Which issue is most closely associated with the boundaries created for newly independent African countries

a

In their response to the war in Europe, the actions of Presidents Jefferson and Madison A. demonstrated that economic policy was not an effective diplomatic weapon. B. caused severe economic disruptions in both England and France. C. increased the negotiating power of the United States with the belligerent nations. D. increased the power and prestige of the U.S. Navy in the Atlantic.

a

In which case did the Supreme Court establish the principle of judicial review? A. Marbury v. Madison B. Fletcher v. Peck C. Chisholm v. Georgia D. McCulloch v. Maryland

Yeoman Farmers

Independent and hardworking farmers in the south, lived and worked on smaller-sized farms with their families. Plantation owners got food from Yeoman farmers to feed their slaves, but Yeomen did not have on slavery on their farms.

Battle of New Orleans

Jackson led a battle that occurred when British troops attacked U.S. soldiers in New Orleans on January 8, 1815; the War of 1812 had officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent in December, 1814, but word had not yet reached the U.S.

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Jackson's plan to have eastern Indian tribes relocated to west of Mississippi supposedly for their own good to preserve them from assimilation or violence- passed by Congress and gave $500,000 to the project- would clear 100 million acres of lan

Election of 1800

Jefferson and Burr each received 73 votes in the Electoral College, so the House of Representatives had to decide the outcome. The House chose Jefferson as President and Burr as Vice President.

The American System of Manufacturing

Low cost, standardized mass production based on interchangeable parts stamped out by machines. Revolutionized production of everything from nails to clocks. High-quality goods for ordinary people.

b

Newspapers such as the National Intelligencer and the New York Evening Post were important for which of the following reasons? A. They established the precedent of impartiality by the news media in political campaigns. B. They constantly fed the insatiable appetite that Americans had for partisan politics. C. They helped keep elections focused on the real issues by refusing to carry negative personal comments about political candidates. D. They are the first examples of sensationalist journalism in the early republic.

Burr Conspiracy

Scheme by Vice-President Aaron Burr to lead the succession of the Louisiana Territory from the US and create his own empire. He was captured in 1807 and charged with treason. Because there was no evidence or two witnesses he was acquitted. Marshall upholds the strict rules for trying someone for treason.

Slave Resistance and Rebellion

Slaves begin to slow work, break things, pretend to not understand

Solomon Northrup describes the working conditions of slaves on a Louisiana cotton plantation, 1853

Solomon north was kidnapped and forced into work as a slave. he is really a very talented violinist and an educated worker. after being taken from his family he has to fight for his survival from palnation to plantation in 1853. after 12 years he finally makes contact with an old friend who helps him get back to his family. this depicts the horrible conditions black people are just born into

Trail of Tears

The Cherokee Indians were forced to leave their lands. They traveled from North Carolina and Georgia through Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas-more than 800 miles (1,287 km)-to the Indian Territory. More than 4, 00 Cherokees died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the 116-day journey.

Early Industrialization in the North

The Industrial Revolution (1820-1870) was of great importance to the economic development of the United States. The first Industrial Revolution occurred in Great Britain and Europe during the late eighteenth century. It then centered on the United States and Germany. The Industrial Revolution itself refers to a change from hand and home production to machine and factory.

The Cotton Kingdom

The Southern economy depended on cotton, promoted the use of slaves and made wealthy plantation owners even wealthier, expanded with the invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney

Battle of Fallen Timbers

The U.S. Army defeated the Native Americans under Shawnee Chief Blue Jacket and ended Native American hopes of keeping their land that lay north of the Ohio River Battle between American and Native Americans forces in 1794 over Ohio territory that led to defeat of the native Americans

b

The embargo initiated by President Jefferson in 1807 had the greatest impact on A. the South. B. New England. C. Great Britain. D. France.

Alien and Sedition Acts

These consist of four laws passed by the Federalist Congress and signed by President Adams in 1798: the Naturalization Act, which increased the waiting period for an immigrant to become a citizen from 5 to 14 years; the Alien Act, which empowered the president to arrest and deport dangerous aliens; the Alien Enemy Act, which allowed for the arrest and deportation of citizens of countries at was with the US; and the Sedition Act, which made it illegal to publish defamatory statements about the federal government or its officials. The first 3 were enacted in response to the XYZ Affair, and were aimed at French and Irish immigrants, who were considered subversives. The Sedition Act was an attempt to stifle Democratic-Republican opposition, although only 25 people were ever arrested, and only 10 convicted, under the law. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, which initiated the concept of "nullification" of federal laws were written in response to the Acts.

Panic of 1819

This was the first widespread economic crisis in the United States which brought deflation, depression, bank failures, and unemployment. This set back nationalism to more sectionalism and hurt the poorer class, which gave way to Jacksonian Democracy.

d

Those citizens who protested imposition of the whiskey tax most vigorously were also very likely to be dissatisfied over the A. Senate's ratification of the Pinckney Treaty. B. religious ideas associated with the Second Great Awakening. C. proliferation of Democratic societies. D. inability of the army to defend them and their region from Indian attacks.

Denmark Vesey

United States freed slave and insurrectionist in South Carolina who was involved in planning an uprising of slaves and was hanged (1767-1822) A mulatto who inspired a group of slaves to seize Charleston, South Carolina in 1822, but one of them betrayed him and he and his thirty-seven followers were hanged before the revolt started.

c

Which of the following most accurately states Tecumseh's beliefs? A. The only way to combat the spread of white culture is for Native Americans to return to their traditional spiritual and moral values. B. Native Americans must accept the demise of their culture and adapt to the ways of whites. C. A united Indian federation is necessary to combat the advance of the white man. D. Native American culture can be preserved only by accepting the reservation system.

Washington's Farewell Address

Warned Americans not to get involved in European affairs, not to make permanent alliances, not to form political parties and to avoid sectionalism. Warned of entangling foreign alliances and political parties; helped inspire foreign policy until after WWII

Jay Treaty

Was made up by John Jay. It said that Britain was to pay for Americans ships that were seized in 1793. It said that Americans had to pay British merchants debts owed from before the revolution and Britain had agreed to remove their troops from the Ohio Valley

c

What action did Great Britain take shortly before the American declaration of war against that country? A. Great Britain increased its naval presence in the Great Lakes. B. The British announced a blockade of the American coast. C. The British changed the policy that had been the reason for American anger by reopening the seas to American shipping. D. The British navy sank several American merchant ships.

a

What is the theory of judicial review as applied to the Supreme Court? A. The Court may nullify any federal or state legislative act by declaring it to be unconstitutional. B. The Court may appoint special counselors to investigate officials within the executive department. C. The Court may decide the winner in a disputed federal or state election. D. The Court may try federal judges for high crimes and misdemeanors.

c

What was the significance of Washington's response to the Whiskey Rebellion? A. His willingness to attend and answer questions at protest meetings demonstrated the government's tolerance of public criticism. B. His sympathy and understanding toward the protesters conveyed the message that the government could be trusted to deal fairly with aggrieved groups. C. His decisive action made it clear that the national government would not tolerate violent resistance to its laws. D. His hesitation in the face of armed rebellion seriously undermined the people's confidence in their new government.

Panic of 1837

When Jackson was president, many state banks received government money that had been withdrawn from the Bank of the U.S. These banks issued paper money and financed wild speculation, especially in federal lands. Jackson issued the Specie Circular to force the payment for federal lands with gold or silver. Many state banks collapsed as a result. A panic ensued (1837). Bank of the U.S. failed, cotton prices fell, businesses went bankrupt, and there was widespread unemployment and distress.

a

When Thomas Jefferson was elected president in 1800, one of his goals was to A. limit the power of the federal government. B. use government to regulate the greed of corporate interests. C. implement an activist, pro-French foreign policy. D. knit the nation together by building a federally financed transportation network.

d

Which of the following groups was most directly affected by the excise tax on whiskey? A. Urban laborers B. Southern planters C. Northern merchants D. Western farmers

b

Which of the following is true of Alexander Hamilton? A. He trusted the ability of common people to participate in government. B. He believed that people were motivated primarily by economic self-interest. C. Rather than viewing the American republic as one nation, he saw it as a collection of sovereign states loosely bound together by a contractual agreement. D. His optimism about America's future was based on his belief that most people put the common good above their own personal desires.

a

Which of the following is true of Chief Justice John Marshall? A. He made the Supreme Court the equal of the other branches of government in practice as well as theory. B. He refused to accept cases that were politically sensitive. C. He consistently upheld the power of the states in relation to the power of the federal government. D. He upheld the principle of government regulation of industry despite Federalist objections.

d

Which of the following is true of Tecumseh? A. He led the Creeks in resisting Andrew Jackson's removal policy. B. He convinced the Shawnees to turn to settled agriculture as a means of saving Indian land and Indian culture. C. He led the Shawnees to victory over William Henry Harrison at the Battle of Tippecanoe. D. He encouraged the development of a pan-Indian federation among northern and southern Indians.

a

Which of the following is true of the Democratic societies? A. They protested the policies of the Washington administration and warned of self-serving rulers who would destroy the rights of the people. B. They saw the French Revolution as a perversion of republicanism. C. They attempted to bridge the gap between the views of Hamilton and those of Jefferson. D. They urged Americans to ignore events in Europe and to concentrate on perfecting the republic.

b

Which of the following statements is most consistent with Alexander Hamilton's broad-constructionist view of the Constitution? A. The Supreme Court is the ultimate and final arbiter of the meaning of the Constitution. B. Congress can choose any means not specifically prohibited by the Constitution to achieve a constitutional end. C. The president's emergency powers in times of crisis are virtually unlimited. D. In times of crisis, the separation of powers among the branches of the government may be temporarily suspended.

a

Which of the following was a result of the building of canals such as the Erie Canal? A. Canals established important transportation links between the Midwest and the North. B. Canals established important transportation links between the North and the South. C. Financed by the federal government, canal building required an increase in the federal taxes. D. So little thought was put into the routes for canals that they served little useful commercial purpose.

b

Which of the following was true of Washington's Farewell Address? A. Washington indicated his belief that Congress plays a secondary role to the president in the making of foreign policy. B. Washington attempted to portray the Republican opposition as dangerous and misguided. C. Washington attempted to undermine Alexander Hamilton's chance of succeeding him as president. D. Washington indicated his belief that the United States should actively ally with Great Britain against the French menace.

a

Which of the following was true of the Kentucky and Virginia resolutions? A. They advanced the theory that the people, speaking through their states, could judge the constitutionality of acts of Congress. B. They caused divisive arguments within the Democratic-Republican faction. C. They were unnecessary because the federal courts were already considering the constitutionality of the Alien and Sedition Acts. D. They were of little significance beyond their immediate propaganda benefits to Jefferson and Madison.

a

Why did the Democratic arouse the fear of President Washington? A. Washington had not yet accepted the idea that an organized loyal opposition was part of a free government; therefore, he believed that political dissent was a sign of subversion. B. Members of these societies threatened to engage in terrorist tactics to undermine the government and the Constitution. C. Their pro-democracy demonstrations seemed to challenge the legitimacy and sovereignty of the United States government. D. Washington was very disturbed

b

Why did the war that began between France and Great Britain in 1793 pose a dilemma for the United States? A. Each belligerent expected the active support of the United States and threatened to declare war if such support was not forthcoming. B. The United States and France were bound as allies by the 1778 Treaty of Alliance, but the United States was culturally and economically bound to Great Britain. C. The Senate voted to honor the 1778 treaty with France, but the House voted in favor of a declaration of neutrality. D. Because the United States had a mutual defense pact with both countries, it had to choose which agreement to honor.

Battle of Horseshoe Bend

fought during the War of 1812 in central Alabama. On March 27, 1814, United States forces and Indian allies under General Andrew Jackson defeated the Red Sticks, a part of the Creek Indian tribe inspired by the Shawnee leader Tecumseh, effectively ending the Creek War.

Charles Grandison Finney Experiences Conversion

has a spiritual revolution. wants to become closer to god gives up his lifestyle and moves out to find god and after a while finally understands much more about his relationship with god

Slave Families

met a emotional and physical need the most slaves needed to survive. It was not easy though became at anytime you could be split up or someone could be sold.

Garment Industry

one of the oldest and largest export industries the industry exemplifies the challenges associated with global manufacturing low wages flexible contracts and sweatshop conditions

Transportation Revolution

rapid growth in the speed and convenience of transportation; in the United States this began in the early 1800s Innovations included new construction of roads, additions of canals, and the expansion of the railroad

New York Police Chief George W. Matsell Describes the City's Vagrant and Delinquent Children, 1849

what: children are goring up on the streets poor and abandoned. These kids go on to lead bad lives ranging from crooks to prostitutes and everywhere in between. The police cheif says this is a horrible problem throughout the city and gives detailed numbers of how many childeren go into crime that did not attend school or learn a proper trade when

William Otter Brawls His Way Through New York City, 1830s

who: william otter where: new york city when 1830's william otter after failing many crafts trying to apprentice a master, settled as a plasterer. Joined a gang and learned how to conduct street business for himself

Landless Whites in the Antebellum South

worked on other peoples land, were immigrants, stayed in one place, had dangerous work, better chance than free black but unlikely because economy based on having land and slaves.

Harriet Hanson Robinson, The Lowell Mill Girls Go on Strike, 1836

young girls get taken far away to a mill to work. There were talks of a strike and when time came to The main protagonist became inpatient with her group of workers who were hesitant to walk out and strike with their fellow workers down below. After she helped lead strike her mother was denied her home and things seemed to get harder.the strike was for womens suffrage for they were being treated inhumanley. who: Harriet Hanson Robinson what: trying to gain womens rights and fight against suffrage in the garment indusry where:Lowell, Massachusetts, when: in the second quarter of the 19th century. The first factories recruited women from rural New England as their labor force. These young women, far from home, lived in rows of boardinghouses adjacent to the growing number of mills. The industrial production of textiles was highly profitable,and the number of factories in Lowell and other mill