History Exam II Review
What was the outcome of the Spanish-American War for American geopolitical interests?
The United States gained valuable possessions in the Caribbean and the Pacific Ocean.
What was the primary goal of Roosevelt's Square Deal?
To give the nation political and economic stability
What was the purpose of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation created by Herbert Hoover?
To help businesses and boost the economy by extending needed credit
What was the focus of humanitarian reformers?
To improve housing and working conditions for the urban poor
Why, on entering World War I, did Woodrow Wilson call the United States an "Associated Power" rather than an "Allied Power"?
To keep the long American commitment to avoiding alliances
What was the purpose of the Neutrality Acts passed by Congress in the mid-1930s?
To make it more difficult for the United States to become involved in a war
How were "at large" elections used in the South?
To prevent black voters from deciding elections
What was the goal of the America First Committee during the early 1940s?
To prevent the involvement of the United States in World War II
What was the purpose of the new professional organizations the middle class created at the beginning of the twentieth century?
To promote their professional goals and build a better society
What was the purpose of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) after its founding in 1920?
To protect fundamental constitutional rights
Why did black women claim they needed the vote more than white women?
To protect their rights
What was the purpose of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), passed during the New Deal?
To protect workers' right to unionize
What was the purpose of the Social Security Act passed in 1935?
To provide the elderly, disabled, and unemployed with cash assistance
Why did President Franklin Roosevelt replace Henry Wallace as his running mate with Harry Truman in 1944?
To run with someone more acceptable to southern Democrats
According to Theodore Roosevelt, what made a trust a "good" trust?
"Good" trusts acted responsibly and "bad" trusts did not.
What was the purpose of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)?
To foster racial separation and black pride
What was the role of government regulation in the stock boom of the 1920s?
It was minimal, making widespread margin buying dangerous.
Why did Franklin Roosevelt's first Agricultural Adjustment Act not benefit farmers as much as he had hoped?
It was stricken down by the Supreme Court.
What was the significance of Garveyism?
It was the first mass African American movement.
What factors account for the surge in anti-immigrant sentiment during the 1920s?
Native-born Americans saw immigrants as cultural and economic threats.
What was the purpose of the Tyding-McDuffie Act, passed in the 1930s?
Restrict Filipino immigration and grant the Philippines independence.
What change in American society at the beginning of the twentieth century sparked the Progressive movement?
Rise of corporate power and the growth of cities
What was the experience of internment like for Japanese Americans during World War II?
The Japanese suffered economically as well as from the injustice.
What principles underlined the Atlantic Charter?
A commitment to self-determination and free trade
What was the result of Wilson's deployment of United States troops to Mexico in 1914?
A fierce battle ensued, leading to many deaths on both sides and to increased hostilities.
Why did imperialists claim a right to rule other countries during the late 1880s?
Based on an ideology of racial superiority
What split in the Democratic Party did the 1924 presidential election expose?
Between native-born voters and urban ethnic voters
What political realignment occurred during the 1930s regarding the labor movement?
Big Labor became an important part of the Democratic Party.
Why did the American government intervene in the Cuban struggle for independence just before it ended?
For political and economic reasons
What was President Harding's view on the relationship between government and business?
He believed business should influence government rather than the other way around.
Why did Stalin sign a non-aggression pact with Germany in 1939?
He believed it would benefit the Soviet Union by strengthening its western borders.
What accounts for the reduced repression of civil liberties during World War II compared to World War I?
Stronger public support for the war
How did William Howard Taft's approach to foreign policy differ from Theodore Roosevelt's approach?
Taft emphasized investment in Latin America but was willing to use troops there.
What was the difference between Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft's view of the presidency?
Taft had a narrower view of the office than Roosevelt.
In addition to independence, what did Cubans who fought against Spain in the 1890s hope to achieve?
Land reform and racial equality
Which group was most likely to oppose American imperialism in the late nineteenth century?
Leaders of labor unions
Why was World War II able to end the Great Depression?
Increased federal employment and spending
What was the commission form of government?
Independently elected commissioners who each ran a municipal department
Which state did most midwesterners flee to during and after the dust storms?
California
What role did the United States play in the independence of Panama?
It helped Panama achieve independence in order to build a canal there.
How did the Great Depression impact women's employment?
It increased its importance because more men lost their jobs than women.
What happened to union membership during the 1930s?
It increased significantly.
What was the role of the Office of War Information during World War II?
To encourage patriotism and support for the war effort
What was the difference between W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington in their approach to racial discrimination?
Du Bois urged blacks to immediately demand first-class citizenship while Washington urged blacks to adopt a more accommodationist stance.
How did the automobile transform the lives of Americans in the 1920s?
It permitted Americans to live and travel farther from cities than they had before.
What was the role of women in the military during World War II?
Most worked as nurses and in support roles.
How did the War Production Board change the long-term relationship between the federal government and industrial firms?
It produced a government-business alliance.
What was the significance of the case of the Scottsboro Nine?
It publicized the injustice that African Americans faced in the South.
Why was the Social Security program revolutionary when it was enacted during the New Deal?
It represented a pledge that the government would take care of its citizens.
Which of the following describes the motion picture industry in the 1920s?
Motion pictures had a broad national appeal in the 1920s.
What is the significance of the riot that erupted in Springfield, Illinois, in 1908?
It revealed that deep racial prejudices existed in the North as well as in the South.
What was the significance of the zoot suit riot in 1943?
It revealed white Americans' hostility toward Mexican Americans.
What was the meaning of the "Double-V" campaign during World War II?
It signified that African Americans had to fight against racist enemies abroad and at home.
Why was Eleanor Roosevelt's decision to quit the Daughters of the American Revolution significant?
It symbolized the administration's concern for African Americans.
What prompted the "Double-V" campaign during World War II?
African Americans' frustration with continuing discrimination
What region or regions benefited the most from government spending during World War II?
All areas of the country
What was the purpose of the Platt Amendment, passed by Congress in 1901?
To ensure American control over Cuba
What was the strategy of the War Production Board established by Franklin Roosevelt during World War II?
To entice businesses to meet government orders
What did the New Deal programs like the Civil Works Administration, Public Works Administration, and Civilian Conservation Corps have in common?
All three aimed at creating jobs for those who were out of work.
What was the significance of the government's treatment of the Bonus Army during the Great Depression?
It told many Americans that President Hoover had lost touch with them.
Refer to the passage to answer the following question: "At the trial they gave us in Scottsboro we could hear the crowd yelling, 'Lynch the ******s.' We could see them toting those big shotguns. Call 'at a fair trial? And while we lay here in jail, the boss-man make us watch 'em burning up other Negroes on the electric chair. 'This is what you'll get,' they say to us. Working class boys, we asks you to save us from being burnt on the electric chair. We's only poor working class boys whose skin is black. . . . Help us boys. We ain't done nothing wrong." What does the passage from the Scottsboro prisoners' letter attempt to convey about the southern justice system?
African Americans could not receive equal treatment in the justice system.
How did the political rights of African Americans evolve during World War II?
African Americans made gains in several areas during the war.
How did the New Deal impact African Americans?
African Americans made some gains, but discrimination remained entrenched.
How did population shifts during World War II exacerbate racial tension?
African Americans migrated to many places where few blacks had lived.
Refer to the passage to answer the following question: "There are many who can never be made to feel that it was a mistake thirty years ago to give the unlettered freedman the franchise, their only weapon of defense, any more than it was a mistake to have fire for cooking and heating purposes in the home, because ignorant or careless servants sometimes burn themselves. Does this mean that the Negro objects to industrial education? By no means. It simply means that he knows by sad experience that industrial education will not stand him in place of political, civil and intellectual liberty, and he objects to being deprived of fundamental rights of American citizenship to the end that one school for industrial training shall flourish." Which of the following statements paraphrases Ida B. Wells's critique of Booker T. Washington excerpted above?
African Americans should not have to choose between either industrial or civic education.
What does the photo say about African Americans and art in the 1920s?
African Americans were breaking barriers in art.
What role did American banks play in World War I?
American bankers provided more loans to Allied powers than to Axis states.
What was the result of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff that Congress passed in 1930?
American exports fell when European countries raised their own tariffs.
How did the American war against Filipino insurgents end in the early 1900s?
American military victory and continued control of the islands
What did President McKinley insist was necessary before Cuban independence?
American occupation to ensure peace
Why was Roosevelt initially reluctant to assist France and Britain against Germany and Italy?
American public opinion and legal constraints
How did World War I reinforce sentiment in America against collective security agreements?
Americans believed that an international conspiracy of bankers and munitions makers had pushed the United States into the war.
What was the significance of the ethnic diversity of the American military during World War II?
Americans from other ethnic backgrounds and regions interacted.
What did Roosevelt mean when he said "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself"?
Americans needed courage to try new ideas.
Who founded the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)?
An interracial group of civil rights' activists
How did American businessmen view their expansion into international markets?
As vital to survival
Refer to the passage to answer the following question: "What we guilty of? Nothing but being out of a job. Nothing but looking for work. Our kinfolk was starving for food. We wanted to help them out. So we hopped a freight—just like any one of you workers might a done—to go down to Mobile to hunt work. We was taken off the train by a mob and framed up on rape charges." What does the excerpt from the Scottsboro prisoners' letter show about the lives of African Americans during the Depression?
Blacks faced extra burdens during the Depression.
What was the similarity between the views of Marcus Garvey's United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and the Ku Klux Klan?
Both agreed on the necessity of racial segregation.
What impact did World War II have on marriage and birth rates?
Both increased dramatically during the war.
How were the Allies' debates concerning the second front in Europe early in World War II and the discussions at the Yalta Conference similar?
Both revealed the tensions among the Allied leaders.
What was the difference between how American imperialist and anti-imperialists viewed non-Western peoples?
Both viewed non-Western peoples as inferior to Westerners, although they differed on the potential of these people to improve.
What was the difference between Great Britain and the United States' treatment of young, married women with children?
Britain provided child care programs while the United States largely did not.
What were among the factors that contributed to the inability of the National Recovery Administration (NRA) to promote economic growth during the New Deal?
Businesses benefited more than labor, and NRA codes were too complex.
How did the federal government fund military production during World War II?
By borrowing and increasing income tax rates
How did American politicians justify the United States governing the Philippines?
By claiming that Filipinos were childlike and needed to be governed
How did Jane Addams aim to address the chaos of urban life in the early twentieth century by what she called "civic housekeeping"?
By improving the lives of immigrants
How did the Platt Amendment ensure American control over Cuba?
By limiting Cuba's ability to conduct independent foreign relations
How did the Naval Act of 1890 support Alfred Thayer Mahan's ideas?
By ordering construction of more naval ships, it increased naval power.
How did Adolf Hitler attract support from the German people for wars of conquest?
By playing on their frustration over defeat in World War I and their current situation.
How did journalists rally public support for U.S. intervention into Cuba in 1898?
By presenting it as a question of national honor
How did the entertainment industry challenge the prevailing moral codes during the 1920s?
By promoting relaxed attitudes toward sexual relations
How did Taft justify American intervention in Nicaragua in 1909?
By referring to the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
How did African American artists in the Harlem Renaissance challenge notions about race?
By rejecting white cultural standards and promoting their own
What was the significance to women of the Muller v. Oregon Supreme Court decision of 1908?
It upheld a ten-hour workday for women.
Who were the "latchkey kids" during World War II?
Children home alone after school
Why were cities at the forefront of government reform during the Progressive Era?
City government had not effectively adapted to the dramatic changes that cities had undergone.
What was President Herbert Hoover's belief about poverty in America when he first entered office in March 1929?
Continuing prosperity would soon end poverty.
What was the primary difference in the economic policies of presidents Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge?
Coolidge continued the pro-business policies of Harding's administration.
What was the difference between Roosevelt's critics on the left and right?
Critics on the left thought the president was too close to big business while those on the right thought the president had expanded the government's scope too much.
Franklin Roosevelt's Social Security program was most reminiscent of the program proposed by what New Deal critic?
Francis Townsend
What were the central points of Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points?
Freedom of the seas, abolition of secret treaties, free trade, reduction in military spending, and self-determination for colonies
What were the initial results of the military battles between France and Great Britain and Germany at the beginning of World War II?
Germany had quick success, which included France's surrender.
What was the idea behind the "Cure for Depressions" proposed by Francis Townsend during the Great Depression?
Giving all Americans over sixty a pension provided they retire
What economic danger worsened during the 1920s?
Growing income inequality
Why was Herbert Hoover unable to effectively address the economic crisis of his administration?
He adhered to failed economic policies.
Refer to the passage to answer the following question: "Upon these two basic certainties, first that the "Reds" were criminal aliens, and secondly that the American Government must prevent crime, it was decided that there could be no nice distinctions drawn between the theoretical ideals of the radicals and their actual violations of our national laws. An assassin may have brilliant intellectuality, he may be able to excuse his murder or robbery with fine oratory, but any theory which excuses crime is not wanted in America. This is no place for the criminal to flourish, nor will he do so, so long as the rights of common citizenship can be exerted to prevent him." Why did A. Mitchell Palmer make no distinction between the ideals and deeds of Communists?
He believed that communism posed an existential threat to America, and this belief justified prosecuting all Communists
Why did William Jennings Bryan view the teaching of evolution as a threat to American society?
He believed that evolution would undermine morality.
What was Charles E. Coughlin's appeal to Catholics and the lower middle class during the Great Depression?
He blamed specific groups for the Depression.
Why did Franklin Roosevelt create public works programs like the Civilian Works Administration and the Public Works Administration rather than simply providing cash payments to the unemployed?
He did not believe direct welfare payments were a good thing.
Why did President Franklin Roosevelt move to the left in the election of 1936?
He faced criticism from within his party about the New Deal's effectiveness.
Why did Herbert Hoover support an increase in income, estate, and corporate taxes for the wealthy in 1932?
He feared a growing federal deficit.
Why was Roosevelt reluctant to immediately establish a second European front after the United States entered World War II?
He feared losing public support if casualties mounted.
How did President Franklin Roosevelt respond to the Japanese invasion of Indochina in 1940?
He limited Japanese access to military supplies through trade restrictions.
What did President Franklin Roosevelt do to placate Stalin's anger about the delay in Britain and the United States launching an invasion of France?
He offered the Soviets unlimited access to Lend-Lease supplies.
What was Roosevelt's stance toward entering World War II when he campaigned for a third term for presidency in 1940?
He promised that the United States would not declare war on Germany.
What was Roosevelt's position on Prohibition?
He publicly supported repeal of Prohibition.
What was the basis of Franklin Roosevelt's presidential campaign in the election of 1932?
He spoke in broad terms of a "new deal" to help Americans.
Refer to the passage to answer the following question: "The S.F. Registrar has made a statement that we will be sent absentee ballots to which Mr. James Fisk of the Joint Immigration Committee protests greatly. Tomorrow I am going to carry a petition around to protest against their protests. I think that they are stabbing us in the back and that there should be a separate concentration camp for these so-called Americans. They are a lot more dangerous than the Japanese in the United States ever will or have been." What is the author's view of the internment situation?
He thinks that the internment violates the rights of Japanese Americans.
Why did the 1943 decision of Britain and the United States not to invade France until the following year anger Stalin?
He thought the United States and Britain hoped to weaken his nation through the delay.
How did President Roosevelt end the Pennsylvania coal strike of 1902?
He threatened to have the government take over the mines to end the dispute.
What was Franklin Roosevelt's attitude toward business during the beginning of his presidency?
He viewed business as essential to economic recovery.
Refer to the passage to answer the following question: "To cast this case into outlines of racial prejudice, without reference to the real military dangers which were presented, merely confuses the issue. Korematsu was not excluded from the Military Area because of hostility to him or his race. He was excluded because we are at war with the Japanese Empire, because the properly constituted military authorities feared an invasion of our West Coast and felt constrained to take proper security measures, because they decided that the military urgency of the situation demanded that all citizens of Japanese ancestry be segregated from the West Coast temporarily." Why did Supreme Court Justice Black deem internment constitutional?
He was heeding the advice of the military, which should not be ignored in wartime.
Why was Roosevelt concerned with the Japanese's ability to drive Russia from Manchuria?
He worried about rising Japanese military power.
Why was President Theodore Roosevelt concerned about what he called "muckraking" in the early twentieth century?
He worried that muckraking would lead to radical reform.
What economic factors in the United States contributed to the Red Scare of 1919-1920?
High inflation, a shortage of consumer goods, and widespread strikes
What was the experience of African Americans, Asian Americans, and Latinos during the Great Depression?
High unemployment as a result of being at the bottom of the labor force
What accounts for the popularity of Hebert Hoover's life story to voters in 1928?
His inspiring story and long experience
"Social religion, too, demands repentance and faith; repentance for our social sins; faith in the possibility of a new social order. . . . In the same way we have to see through the fictions of capitalism. We are assured that the poor are poor through their own fault; that rent and profit are the just dues of foresight and ability." Which of the following would fit into Rauschenbusch's category of "social sins"?
Income inequality
What factors caused the Great Depression?
Income inequality, unwise use of credit, and lack of government oversight
What had Herbert Hoover hoped to gain by convincing Congress to pass the Hawley-Smoot Tariff in 1930?
Increase demand for American products
What accounts for the high rate of economic growth in the United States during the 1920s?
Increased efficiency through technology and scientific management
Who were the leading members of the Communist Party's membership in 1938, its peak year of membership?
Intellectuals and artists
How was the National Origins Act related to growing nativism?
It aimed to limit immigration that nativists viewed as undesirable.
What was the impact of Roosevelt's court-packing plan?
It angered southern Democrats, who supported states' rights.
How did the 1917 immigration law signal a victory for those who wanted to limit immigration?
It banned immigration of many types of individuals deemed undesirable.
What was the significance of the Tripartite Pact?
It created an alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan.
What was significant about the way African Americans raised money to support black schools in the South?
It demonstrated their commitment to fighting the effects of segregation.
What was the critique the "Lost Generation" leveled at modern consumer culture?
It discouraged individuality and free thought.
What was the significance of the Lend-Lease Act of 1941?
It drew the United States into an undeclared naval war with Germany.
How did the Smith-Connally Act of 1943 impact relations between labor and business?
It enhanced the power of defense companies and minimized the power of labor generally.
What was the significance of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine?
It established the right of the United States to intervene in Latin America if it wished.
What was one of the results of the worldwide influenza epidemic?
It exacerbated existing anxieties in the United States fueled by the Red Scare.
How did the Boxer Rebellion affect U.S. access to China in the early 1900s?
It forced European countries to grant the United States access to China.
What group of women remained largely excluded from working during World War II?
Married women with young children
How did women political activists threaten American masculinity in the late 1800s?
Men feared that woman suffrage would feminize politics.
Who staffed most settlement houses such as Hull House?
Middle-class, college educated women shut out of most professions
What was the impact of the wartime mobilization on the far West?
Millions of Americans migrated to the West to work in aircraft plants and shipbuilding yards.
What is deficit spending?
Money spent when expenditures exceed tax revenues
How were the activities of moral reformers of the early twentieth century related to the movement to restrict immigration?
Moral reformers perceived immigrants as predisposed to vice because of racial and religious bigotry.
How did American population demographics change in the 1920s?
More people lived in cities than at any other time in U.S. history.
What was Huey Long's critique of Roosevelt's New Deal?
None of the New Deal spending helped ordinary people.
What type of reform did progressives advocate?
Political and economic change that did not disrupt democracy or capitalism
What was Theodore Roosevelt's approach to international affairs as president?
Preserve order.
What was the significance of the Atlantic Charter of 1941?
President Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill laid the groundwork for the establishment of the United Nations after the war.
What was the role of the Committee on Public Information during World War I?
Producing pro-war propaganda
In what ways did progressive initiatives become efforts at social control?
Progressive initiatives often sought to impose middle-class values on the poor.
What was a major argument of the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) in favor of prohibition in the early twentieth century?
Prohibition would improve the quality of family life and protect the home.
What arguments did progressives use in the campaign to eliminate prostitution?
Promoting public health and female virtue
What identified the New Woman of the 1910s and 1920s?
Provocative fashions and behaviors
What was the chief advantage that construction of the Panama Canal offered the United States?
Quick, easy travel between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans
What explains the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II?
Racism toward the Japanese among government officials
What decreased the likelihood of the United States ratifying the Treaty of Versailles when Woodrow Wilson returned home in 1919?
Republicans held a majority in the Senate and opposed ratification.
What was the purpose of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938?
To establish a forty-hour work week and a minimum wage
Why did Margaret Sanger advocate for the use of contraceptives?
She believed it would improve women's health.
What was the significance of the figure of "Rosie the Riveter" during World War II?
She served as a recruiting tool for women into war industries.
Refer to the passage to answer the following question: "Mrs Roosevelt, don't think I am just begging, but that is all you can call it I guess. There is no harm in asking I guess eather. Do you have any old clothes you have throwed back. You don't realize how honored I would feel to be wearing your clothes. I don't have a coat at all to wear. The clothes may be too large but I can cut them down so I can wear them. Not only clothes but old shoes, hats, hose, and under wear would be appreciated so much." What does the passage indicate about how the author feels about Mrs. Roosevelt?
She thinks the First Lady will empathize with her.
What describes the commitment of the United States to international affairs during the 1920s and 1930s?
Some engagement but refusal to enter into collective security agreements
In the early twentieth century, what was the argument of white female suffragists in the South in favor of woman suffrage?
Southern white women would offset the votes of both black males and poor, uneducated whites.
What was the condition of the American military at the start of the Spanish-American War?
The American military had a strong navy but was severely undermanned.
In what regions did Theodore Roosevelt focus on demonstrating American might as president?
The Americas
Why are the Boxers burning Bibles in the image?
The Boxers resented foreign influence and Christianity.
What was significant about the creation of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) with regard to unionization in the 1930s?
The CIO was open to a wider variety of workers than the American Federation of Labor.
What was the significance of the election of 1936?
The Democratic Party emerged as the majority party with control of the presidency and Congress.
What was the impact of the Indian Reorganization Act (IRA) on the federal government's policy toward Native Americans during the New Deal?
The IRA gave Native Americans greater autonomy but had mixed effects.
Why did the United States drop two atomic bombs on Japanese cities toward the end of World War II?
The Japanese did not surrender after the first attack.
What was characteristic of the "New Negro" popularized by African Americans in Harlem during the 1920s?
The New Negro refused to accept white supremacy and took pride in a black racial identity.
To which of the following states did the United States extend diplomatic relations in 1933?
The Soviet Union
What country or countries assisted the democratically elected Spanish republic during the Spanish Civil War?
The Soviet Union
Why was it so difficult for the United States to remain out of World War I?
The United States enjoyed greater economic ties with the Allied powers that increased during the war.
What was the strategy of the United States in the Pacific theater during World War II?
The United States strategy focused on having General Douglas MacArthur attack from the land while the United States navy attacked by sea.
What was the impact of Frances Willard's death on the direction of the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)?
The WCTU dropped support for many of its causes to focus on temperance.
What drove the stock boom of the 1920s?
The ability of investors to purchase stock with little money
What events made it more difficult for the United States to maintain neutrality during the 1930s?
The aggressive actions of Germany and Italy
What accounts for the massive migration of Americans during World War II?
The availability of jobs in defense industries and installations
Why did President Franklin Roosevelt finally ask Congress to declare war on Japan after the bombing of Pearl Harbor?
The bombing changed American public opinion.
What eventually convinced President Wilson to enter World War I and fight alongside the Allied Powers?
The desire to influence the peace agreement that would follow the war
Refer to the passage to answer the following question: "When I next realized that the Philippines had dropped into our laps I confess I did not know what to do with them. . . . And one night late it came to me this way . . . 1) That we could not give them back to Spain—that would be cowardly and dishonorable; 2) that we could not turn them over to France and Germany— our commercial rivals in the Orient—that would be bad business and discreditable; 3) that we [could] not leave them to themselves—they are unfit for self-government—and they would soon have anarchy and misrule over there worse than Spain's wars; and 4) that there was nothing left for us to do but to take them all, and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and Christianize them, and by God's grace do the very best we could by them, as our fellow-men for whom Christ also died." What accounts for the different opinions about the war as expressed in President McKinley's statement and the cartoon shown above?
The different positions reflect differing perspectives on American imperialism.
What strategy did the Agricultural Adjustment Act employ to increase incomes for farmers during the New Deal?
The government paid farmers to produce fewer crops.
Refer to the poem to answer the following question: Take up the White Man's burden— Send forth the best ye breed— Go, bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait, in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild— Your new-caught sullen peoples, Half devil and half child. . . ." What does Kipling intend to convey with this passage?
The indigenous people of the world are like children with no parents, and it is the burden of white men to raise the children.
What social change explains why New York and Chicago became the centers of a new flowering of African American culture in the 1920s?
The influx of black migrants to the North
Why did some Americans worry that American men were losing their manhood in the late nineteenth century?
The lack of opportunity for war was making men weak.
Why was rising income inequality an economic danger during the 1920s?
The low working-class earnings hurt consumer demand.
Which economic class did early-twentieth-century pragmatism appeal to?
The middle class
How did the war reparations payment plan negotiated between Britain, France, Germany, and the United States ultimately cause problems for the American economy?
The plan resulted in a series of circular payments in which American money was used to help Germany repay Britain and France, which then used the reparations to repay the United States.
What principle governed Republican economic policy during the 1920s?
The principle of laissez-faire
Why was Franklin Roosevelt's Tennessee Valley Authority a particularly bold initiative?
The program remained under the full control of the federal government.
What did the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty grant the United States?
The right to build a canal in Central America
What was the goal of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People?
To fight for the vote and equal access to public facilities
What was the impact of the Teapot Dome scandal on the Harding administration and Republican policies?
The scandal decreased Harding's popularity but not support for Republican policies.
What describes the view of the Bible held by fundamentalists in the 1920s?
The text should be taken literally.
What was the significance of the Scopes Trial held in Dayton, Tennessee, in 1925?
The trial heightened the cultural division between fundamentalists and modern society.
Why did Woodrow Wilson perceive a need to rally support for American involvement in World War I?
The war remained deeply unpopular among Americans.
How did most movies handle racial issues during the 1910s and 1920s?
They appealed to racial prejudices.
How did Britain and France respond to German territorial expansion in the late 1930s?
They appeased Hitler by either ignoring or signing treaties recognizing German control of new territory
Why did humanitarian reformers support women's suffrage?
They believed women could help them further their political goals of social reform.
How were conditions for African Americans in the North better than in the South during the 1930s?
They could vote, which Southern blacks could not do.
What was the role of black newspapers in the Great Migration?
They encouraged African Americans to migrate north by promoting the opportunities for jobs there.
How did urban whites react to the African American migration to cities?
They engaged in discrimination and violence against migrating blacks
What was the significance of the dust storms that hit parts of the United States from 1929 to 1933?
They forced many people to leave the Great Plains.
Which of the following describes the experience of African Americans who migrated north during the Great Migration?
They found jobs but most were paid little.
Why was the middle class so attracted to muckrakers' stories?
They had a sensationalist appeal.
How did unions increasingly respond to the disparity between workers' wages and corporate profits during World War II?
They increasingly went on strike until 1943.
How did municipalities and state governments undermine Hoover's initial approach to ending the Great Depression?
They laid off many employees and cut wages to avoid bankruptcy.
Why did prominent progressives seek national leadership positions like the presidency?
They recognized that the problems were national in scope.
How did leaders of the Allied Powers view Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points?
They rejected many of Wilson's points, wanting to punish the Central Powers.
Why did large companies support conservation policies during the Progressive Era?
They saw it as a way to drive out smaller competitors from business.
Why did the industrialists who formed the American Liberty League object to the New Deal?
They thought New Deal programs were socialistic or communistic.
What was the experience of women who worked during World War II?
They were discriminated against in pay and advancement opportunities.
Why were American leaders opposed to joining the League of Nations and World Court?
They were wary of institutions that might require military cooperation.
How did yellow journalism contribute to the Spanish-American War?
They whipped the public into a frenzy over the sinking of the Maine.
What was the impact of muckrakers' stories in the early twentieth century?
To arouse the middle class against the evils of corrupt governments and big business
What was the original purpose of adopting the primary election system?
To break the power of political machines
What was Mary McLeod Bethune's role in the National Youth Administration (NYA), a New Deal program?
To bring young blacks into the program
How did federal prosecutors use the Mann Act against boxer Jack Johnson?
To charge him with moral violations for relationships with white women
What was the impact of Hull House, Jane Addams's center for social reform in Chicago?
To convince many young women to work in immigrant communities in cities
Why did the advertising industry focus on the personal psychology of consumers rather than the price or quality of their products during the 1920s?
To convince people that they would be happy by purchasing goods
What did President Theodore Roosevelt mean when he coined the term muckraker in the early twentieth century?
To criticize journalists for being more interested in sensationalism
What describes the ideals of pragmatism?
Truth did not reside in absolute doctrine but could only be discovered through experience.
What describes Taft's "Dollar Diplomacy" strategy?
U.S. banks would invest in Latin America, increasing American influence there.
What was the impact of the American Plan and union-related court rulings on unions in the 1920s?
Union membership dropped by 2 million and became about 10 percent of the labor market.
What electoral transformation started to occur in the election of 1924?
Urban ethnic voters started to vote Democratic.
What describes Theodore Roosevelt's "big stick" approach to foreign affairs?
Use military power to keep Latin American countries in check and prevent European interference there
What did it mean to purchase stock on margin during the 1920s?
Using credit to pay only a fraction of a stock's price
How well did the American military during World War II reflect the diversity of the American people?
Very thoroughly, as it included men and women of all races, classes, and sexual orientations
What flaws hindered the success of the Works Progress Administration (WPA) during the New Deal?
Wages were too low and benefits too narrow.
What accounts for Franklin Roosevelt's election and wide popularity among the American people?
What accounts for Franklin Roosevelt's election and wide popularity among the American people?
What was the message of Rudyard Kipling's poem "White Man's Burden"?
White men should take on the burden of bringing Western civilization to non-Western people.
Why did Woodrow Wilson believe that he could easily gain support for his New Freedom measures?
Wilson viewed the president as a leader who would provide his party with a legislative program.
How did Social Security disadvantage working women when first enacted during the New Deal?
Women received lower payments than men.
What was the impact of the Depression of 1893 on American masculinity?
Working-class men experienced a crisis in manhood as they lost their ability to support their families.
What was the impact of World War II on the American economy?
World War II restored prosperity.
The American Plan attempted to improve the welfare of workers by
encouraging business-sponsored worker welfare initiatives.
