History Exemption Test UGA

nativist

does not support immigration, believe jobs should go to natives

John D. Rockefeller

dominated oil industry by establishing a trust

The Agricultural Adjustment Administration

enacted May 12, 1933) was a United States federal law of the New Deal era which restricted agricultural production by paying farmers subsidies not to plant part of their land (that is, to let a portion of their fields lie fallow) and to kill off excess livestock. Its purpose was to reduce crop surplus and therefore effectively raise the value of crops. The money for these subsidies was generated through an exclusive tax on companies which processed farm products. The Act created a new agency, the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, to oversee the distribution of the subsidies.[1] It is considered the first modern U.S. farm bill.[citation needed]

Stalin

leader of soviet union during ww2

proclamation of 1763

made by king george 3 which forbade colonist from moving into territory west of appl. mountians it outraged many colonists

Impact of Northwest ordinance on Slaves

made slavery illegal in the new territory and showed that the question of slavery would be a major issue as the nation expanded west. It also helped establish the guidelines under which new states could be admitted to the union.

14th Amendment

make sure af am were recognized as citizens

Indentured Servitude

refers to the historical practice of contraction to work for a fixed period of time, typically three to seven years, in exchange for transportation, food, clothing, lodging and other necessities during the term of indenture.

Louisiana Purchase

the acquisition by the USA in 1803 of France's claim to the territory of Louisiana.

conscription

the compulsory enlistment of people in some sort of national service, most often military service.

National Organization for Women

the largest feminist organization in the United States. It was founded in 1966 and has a membership of 500,000 contributing members. unsuccessfully campaigned for an equal rights amendment in const.

the confederacy

the southern states that seceded from the United States in 1861

Alexander Hamilton

was a founding father, soldier, economic, political philosopher, one of America's first constitutional lawyers and the first US Secretary of the Treasury.

FDR

( or ; January 30, 1882- April 12, 1945),, was the 32nd President of the United States (1933-1945) and a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic depression and total war.

William Penn

(14 October 1644 - 30 July 1718) was an English real estate entrepreneur, philosopher, and founder of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English North American colony and the future Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

American Civil War

(1861-1865), "War Between the States", was a civil war fought over the secession of the Confederate States.

Platt Amendment

(1901) was an amendment to a joint resolution of the United States Congress, replacing the earlier Teller Amendment. amendement to the cuba const. that put limits on what cuba can do. gave us two naval bases in cuba.and allowed us intervention

Gulf War

(2 August 1990 - 28 February 1991), codenamed Operation Desert Storm (17 January 1991 - 28 February 1991) commonly referred to as simply the Gulf War, was a war waged by a UN-authorized coalition force from 34 nations led by the United States, against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait.

Ronald Reagan

(; February 6, 1911- June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981-89).worked to lift govt regulations, reduce taxes, and reduce domestic spending bycurtailing social welfare. launched the largest peacetime military buildup in am history

Malcom X

(; May19, 1925February21, 1965), was an African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist.

Henry Ross Perot

(; born June 27, 1930) is a U.S. businessman best known for running for President of the United States in 1992 and 1996. Perot founded Electronic Data Systems (EDS) in 1962, sold the company to General Motors in 1984, and founded Perot Systems in 1988. Perot Systems was bought by Dell for $3.9 billion in 2009.

Booker T. Washington

(April 5, 1856 - November 14, 1915) was an African-American educator, author, orator, and advisor to Republican presidents.

Woodrow Wilson

(December 28, 1856 - February 3, 1924) was the 28th President of the United States, from 1913 to 1921. A leader of the Progressive Movement, he served as President of Princeton University from 1902 to 1910, and then as the Governor of New Jersey from 1911 to 1913. Running against Republican incumbent William Howard Taft and Progressive ("Bull Moose") Party candidate Theodore Roosevelt, a former President, Wilson was elected President as a Democrat in 1912.

Andrew Johnson

(December 29, 1808 July 31, 1875) was the 17th President of the United States (1865-1869). he succeeded Abraham Lincoln following the latter's assassination. He then presided over the initial and contentious Reconstruction era of the United States following the American Civil War. Johnson's reconstruction policies failed to promote the rights of the Freedmen (newly freed slaves), and he came under vigorous political attack from Republicans, ending in his impeachment by the U.S. House of Representatives; he was acquitted by the U.S. Senate.

Eli Whitney

(December 8, 1765 - January 8, 1825) was an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin.

Martin Luther King Jr.

(January 15, 1929- April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman, activist, and prominent leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement.

Richard Nixon

(January 9, 1913- April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. The only president to resign the office, Nixon had previously served as a US representative and senator from California and as the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961.

New York city riots

(July 13 to July 16, 1863; known at the time as Draft Week[2]) were violent disturbances in New York City that were the culmination of working-class discontent with new laws passed by Congress that year to draft men to fight in the ongoing American Civil War. The riots were the largest civil insurrection in American history.[3]

Calvin coolidge

(July 4, 1872January 5, 1933) was the 30th President of the United States (1923-1929).

Jefferson Davis

(June 3, 1808 - December 6, 1889) was an American statesman and leader of the Confederacy during the American Civil War, serving as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history.

JFK

(May 29, 1917- November 22, 1963), , was the 35th President of the United States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963.

Father Charles Coughlin

(October 25, 1891 - October 27, 1979) was a controversial Roman Catholic priest at Royal Oak, Michigan's National Shrine of the Little Flower church.

lend-lease act

(Public Law 77-11) was the program under which the United States of America supplied the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, China, Free France, and other Allied nations with materiel between 1941 and 1945. It was signed into law on March 11, 1941, a year and a half after the outbreak of World War II in Europe in September 1939 but nine months before the U.S.

George Bush

(born June 12, 1924) is an American politician who served as the 41st President of the United States (1989-93). was reagans vp

Geral Ford

(born Leslie Lynch King, Jr.; July 14, 1913 - December 26, 2006) was the 38th President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977, and the 40th Vice President of the United States serving from 1973 to 1974. As the first person appointed to the vice-presidency under the terms of the 25th Amendment (after Spiro Agnew had resigned), when he became President upon Richard Nixon's resignation on August 9, 1974, he became the only President of the United States who was never elected President nor Vice-President by the Electoral College.

Jimmy Carter

(born October 1, 1924) is an American politician who served as the 39th President of the United States (1977-1981) and was the recipient of the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize, the only U.S.

Robert William "Bob" Packwood

(born September 11, 1932) is a U.S. politician from Oregon and a member of the Republican Party. He resigned from the United States Senate, under threat of expulsion, in 1995 after allegations of sexual harassment, abuse and assault of women emerged

Trustees Dartmouth College v. Woodward Case

-was a landmark US supreme court case dealing with the application of the Contract Clause of the US constitution to private corporations - Whether Dartmouth College would remain private or become a state school. More broadly, what is protected by the Constitution's "contract" clause? - The Court struck down the law, so Dartmouth continued as a private college. Chief Justice Marshall wrote the majority opinion. He said that the charter was, in essence, a contract between the King and the trustees. Even though we were no longer a royal colony, the contract is still valid because the Constitution says that a state cannot pass laws to impair a contract.

Tenancy

1. (Law) the temporary possession or holding by a tenant of lands or property owned by another 2. (Law) the period of holding or occupying such property 3. the period of holding office, a position, etc. 4. (Law) property held or occupied by a tenant

revolutionary war

1775-1783. began as a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the New USA, but gradually expanded to a global war between Britain on one side and USA, France, Netherlands and Spain on the other.

Hernan Cortes

1st Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca (1485 - December 2, 1547) was a Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th Century

populist party

A U.S. political party that sought to represent the interests of farmers and laborers in the 1890s, advocating increased currency issue, free coinage of gold and silver, public ownership of railroads, and a graduated federal income tax. Also called People's Party. It was far-right and often white nationalists in its ideology.

tories

A traditionalist and conservative political philosophy which grew out of the Cavalier faction in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.

Hartford Convention

An event in 1814-1815 in the US in which New England Federalists met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing war of 1812 and the political problems arising from the federal government's increasing power.

political parties and tariffs

Democrats favored a tariff that would pay the cost of government, but no higher. Whigs and Republicans favored higher tariffs to encourage or "protect" industry and industrial workers

the union

During the American Civil War, it was a name used to refer to the federal government of the United States, which was supported by the 20 free states and five border slave states. It was opposed by 11 southern slave states that had declared a secession to join together to form the Confederacy. Although the Union states included the Western states of California, Oregon, and (after 1864) Nevada, as well as states of the Midwest, the Union has often been referred to as "the North", both then and now.[1]

Frederick Douglass

February 1818- February 20, 1895) was an American social reformer, orator, writer and statesman. After escaping from slavery, he became a leader of the abolitionist movement, gaining note for his dazzling oratory[4] and incisive antislavery writing. He stood as a living counter-example to slaveholders' arguments that slaves did not have the intellectual capacity to function as independent American citizens.

reconstruction era

From 1863 to 1869, Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson (who became president on April 14, 1865) took a moderate position designed to bring the South back to normal as soon as possible, while the Radical Republicans (as they called themselves) used Congress to block the moderate approach, impose harsh terms, and upgrade the rights of the Freedmen (former slaves). The views of Lincoln and Johnson prevailed until the election of 1866, which enabled the Radicals to take control of policy, remove former Confederates from power, and enfranchise the Freedmen. A Republican coalition came to power in nearly all the southern states and set out to transform the society by setting up a free labor economy, with support from the Army and the Freedman's Bureau. The Radicals, upset at President Johnson's opposition to Congressional Reconstruction, filed impeachment charges but the action failed by one vote in the Senate. President Ulysses S. Grant supported Radical Reconstruction, using both the U.S. Justice Department and the U.S. military to suppress white insurgency and support Republican reconstructed states. Southern Democrats, alleging widespread corruption, counterattacked and regained power in each state by 1877. President Rutherford B. Hayes blocked efforts to overturn Reconstruction legislation.

GA music and literature

Georgia is known for such authors as Alice Walker and Margaret Mitchell; for musicians and bands such a R.E.M. and Ray Charles;

Literature

Georgia literature is distinct among the literature of other places in the world in its historical and geographical context and the values it imparts to people who enjoy the state's literature. Dramas such as the play-turned-movie Driving Miss Daisy are one example of Georgia's literary culture while better known fiction novels such as Margaret Mitchell's Gone With the Wind and The Color Purple by Alice Walker (The Color Purple's stage adaptation is by Georgia Author and Agnes Scott Alumna Marsha Norman) are other examples. Among the most interesting of Southern literature's genres is Southern Gothic, with such notable Georgia writers as Flannery O'Conner and Erskine Caldwell. Georgia's poets, such as Sidney Lanier, nonfiction writers like humorist Lewis Grizzard also have a place in the state's literary background.[26] Many writers in Georgia have looked to their past to better understand their present and the challenges Georgians face today. Some of those authors are Raymond Andrews, Olive Ann Burns, Flannery O'Conner, Marion Montgomery, James Dickey, Mary Hood and Alice Walker. Each of these writers have drawn upon the history of the state and the social and political changes in Georgia to create stories about faith, redemption, race, and other important issues.[26]

GA in the civil war

Georgia played an essential role in the Civil War. As the most populous southern state and as the state with the most slaves, Georgia's decision to secede was crucial to the secessionist movement. On January 18, 1861, Georgia seceded from the Union during the American Civil War but kept the name "State of Georgia", and joined the newly formed Confederacy in February. During the war, Georgia sent nearly 100,000 soldiers to battle, mostly to the armies in Virginia. The state switched from cotton to food production, but severe transportation difficulties eventually restricted supplies. Early in the war, the state's 1,400 miles of railroad tracks provided a frequently used means of moving supplies and men but, by the middle of 1864, much of these lay in ruins or in Union hands. Thinking the state safe from invasion, the Confederates built several small munitions factories in Georgia, as well as housing tens of thousands of Union prisoners. Their largest prisoner of war camp, at Andersonville, proved a death camp because of severe lack of supplies, food, water, and medicine.

GA New Deal

Georgia was helped perhaps as much as any state by the New Deal, which brought advances in rural electrification, education, health care, housing, and highway construction. nya- helped teen black & whites get jobs

Rufus Bullock

He served as the 46th Governor of Georgia from 1868 to 1871 during Reconstruction and was the first Republican governor of Georgia. After various allegations of scandal, in 1871 he was obliged by the Ku Klux Klan to resign the governorship.[1] He was succeeded by Republican State Senate president Benjamin Conley, who served as Governor for the two remaining months of the term to which Bullock had been elected. He later became president of the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce and in 1895 served as master of ceremonies for the Cotton States and International Exposition.[2]

colonial Georgia

Last of the 13 colonies founded and a haven for debtors

Ronald Reagan Policies

His policies included the largest tax cut in American history, as well as increased defense spending

Georgia Populism

In 1892 Georgia politics was shaken by the arrival of the Populist Party. Led by the brilliant orator Thomas E. Watson this Thomas E. Watson new party mainly appealed to white farmers, many of whom had been impoverished by debt and low cotton prices in the 1880s and 1890s. Populism, which directly challenged the dominance of the Democratic Party, threatened to split the white vote in Georgia. Consequently, the Populists boldly tried to win black Republicans to their cause. Such appeals outraged Democrats and visited upon the state some of the most dramatic and bloody elections in its history

Camp David Accords

In 1979, Egypt and Israel signed a peace treaty that ended 30 years of conflict. The Camp David Accords were signed by Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on September 17, 1978, following thirteen days of secret negotiations at Camp David.

trail of tears in Georgia

In Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, the Court refused to hear a case extending Georgia's laws on the Cherokee because they did not represent a sovereign nation. In 1832, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Cherokee on the same issue in Worcester v. Georgia. In this case Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that the Cherokee Nation was sovereign, making the removal laws invalid. The Cherokee would have to agree to removal in a treaty. The treaty then would have to be ratified by the Senate.

sectionalism

In national politics, this is often a precursor to separatism.

abolitionism

In the 17th century English Quakers and evangelical religious groups condemned slavery as un-Christian; in the 18th century, abolition was part of the message of the First Great Awakening in the Thirteen Colonies; and in the same period, rationalist thinkers of the Enlightenment criticized it for violating the rights of man. The Somersett's case in 1772, which emancipated a slave in England, helped launch the British movement to abolish slavery. Though anti-slavery sentiments were widespread by the late 18th century, the colonies and emerging nations that used slave labor continued to do so:South of the United States. After the American Revolutionary War established the United States, northern states, beginning with Pennsylvania in 1780, passed legislation during the next two decades to abolish slavery, sometimes by gradual emancipation. Massachusetts ratified a constitution that declared all men equal; freedom suits challenging slavery based on this principle brought an end to slavery in the state. Similar declarations of rights, as in Virginia, were not taken by the courts to apply to Africans. During the following decades, the abolitionist movement grew in northern states, and Congress limited the expansion of slavery in new states admitted to the union.

president during cuban missile crisis

JFK

Sherman Antitrust Act

July 2, 1890, ch. 647, , ) is a landmark federal statute on competition law passed by Congress in 1890. It prohibits certain business activities that reduce competition in the marketplace, and requires the United States federal government to investigate and pursue trusts, companies, and organizations suspected of being in violation.

Merrill act of 1862

Land-Grant are United States statutes that allowed for the creation of land-grant colleges, including the Morrill Act of 1862 and the Morrill Act of 1890 (the Agricultural College Act of 1890, (, et seq.))

Eugene V. Debs

Leader of the American Railway Union, he voted to aid workers in the Pullman strike. He was jailed for six months for disobeying a court order after the strike was over.

Battle of Wounded Knee

Massacre was committed on December 29, 1890, near Wounded Knee Creek on the Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota, USA.

music

Music in Georgia ranges from folk music to rhythm and blues, rock and roll, country music, sludge metal and hip hop. The Georgia Music Hall of Fame, located in Macon is the state's museum of music.

James Jackson

October 18, 1819 - January 13, 1887. It was a US representative from GA, a judge advocate American Civil War, and a chief justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia. He nullified the yazoo sale and destructed records connected with the state. Later the Yazoo lands was given to the Federal Goverment.

American Revolution

Political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century in which thirteen colonies in North America joined together to break free from the British Empire, combining to become the USA.

New York City Riots Abraham Lincoln

President Abraham Lincoln diverted several regiments of militia and volunteer troops from following up after the Battle of Gettysburg to control the city. The rioters were overwhelmingly working-class men, primarily ethnic Irish, resenting particularly that wealthier men, who could afford to pay a $300 commutation fee to hire a substitute, were spared the draft.[4][5]

Reasons for Panama Invasion

Safeguarding the lives of U.S. citizens in Panama. In his statement, Bush claimed that Noriega had declared that a state of war existed between the U.S. and Panama and that he threatened the lives of the approximately 35,000 U.S. citizens living there. There had been numerous clashes between U.S. and Panamanian forces; one U.S. Marine had been killed a few days earlier, and several incidents of harassment of U.S. citizens had taken place. Defending democracy and human rights in Panama. Combating drug trafficking. Panama had become a center for drug money laundering and a transit point for drug trafficking to the U.S. and Europe. Protecting the integrity of the Torrijos-Carter Treaties. Members of Congress and others in the U.S. political establishment claimed that Noriega threatened the neutrality of the Panama Canal and that the U.S. had the right under the treaties to intervene militarily to protect the canal.

Robert Toombs

Secretary of state, strong advocate for secession. A senator and extremist from Georgia who said that the South would never let the federal government be controlled by the Republican party and threatened secession..

1996 Olympic Games

The 1996 Summer Olympics, known officially as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad and unofficially as the Centennial Olympics, was a major international multi-sport event that took place in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, from July 19 to August 4, 1996. A record 197 nations, all current IOC member nations, took part in the Games, comprising 10,318 athletes.

Jim Crow

The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965. They mandated de jure racial segregation in all public facilities in Southern states of the former Confederacy, with, starting in 1890, a "separate but equal" status for African Americans. Segregation Beginning Bus Station Sign in the 1890s, Georgia and other southern states passed a wide variety of Jim Crow laws that mandated racial segregation or separation in public facilities and effectively codified the region's tradition of white supremacy. The name "Jim Crow" refers to a minstrel character popular in the 1820s and 1830s, but it is unknown how the term came to describe the form of racial segregation and discrimination that prevailed in the American South during the first half of the twentieth century. Under Jim Crow, black Georgians suffered from a system of discrimination that pervaded nearly every aspect of life; they were denied their constitutional right to vote, encountered discrimination in housing and employment, and were refused access to public spaces and facilities. The body of law that supported the region's system of segregation remained in place until the middle of the twentieth century, when a series of civil rights reforms, beginning with the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision and culminating in the 1965 Voting Rights Act, ended de jure segregation in the American South.

youth movement-woodstock

The Kent State Incident lead to the temporary closures of about 500 Universities. One of the most famous anti-war demonstrations was Woodstock. It was known as "Three Days of Peace and Music." When one mentions the counterculture of the 1960's, Woodstock is the first term and image that is constructed.

Operation Desert Storm

The Persian Gulf War (2 August 1990 - 28 February 1991), (17 January 1991 - 28 February 1991) commonly referred to as simply the Gulf War, was a war waged by a UN-authorized coalition force from 34 nations led by the United States, against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait.

progressive party

The Progressive Party of 1912 was an American third party. It was formed by former President Theodore Roosevelt, after he lost the nomination of the Republican Party to his former protégé, President William Howard Taft, who had since become his political adversary.

black tuesday

The Wall Street Crash of 1929, also known as the Great Crash and the Stock Market Crash of 1929, began in late October 1929 and was the most devastating stock market crash in the history of the United States when taking into consideration the full extent and duration of its fallout.

hiroshima

The atomic bombings of the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan were conducted by the United States during the final stages of World War II in 1945. These two events are the only use of nuclear weapons in war to date.

Yazoo Lands

The sparsely-populated central and western areas of the US state of GA, when its western border stretched to the Mississippi River.

GA Flag Controversies

The state flag used from 1956 to 2001 featured a prominent Confederate Battle Flag, which some residents found offensive due to its historical use by the Confederate States of America and its contemporary use as a symbol by various white supremacy groups. People found it offensive because the emblem was originally adopted not during the American Civil War period but in 1956 during the height of the fight for desegregation during the Civil Rights Movement. Even in 1956, support for the flag was not unanimous, with the United Daughters of the Confederacy opposing the flag with a statement that the change "would cause strife."[citation needed] Right after it was repealed as the state flag in 2001, the city of Trenton, Georgia adopted it as the official city flag.[4] Twenty-first century adherents of the 1956 flag claimed that the flag was designed to commemorate the upcoming Civil War Centennial five years away.[5] Critics, including Georgia Congressman John Lewis, assert it was only adopted as a symbol of racist protest, especially against the decision of Brown v. Board of Education.[6] A federal appeals court noted in 1997 that the 1956 bill changing the flag was enacted "when its [the state's] public leaders were implementing a campaign of massive resistance to the Supreme Court's school desegregation rulings." Other measures passed that year included bills rejecting Brown v. Board and following up on then-Governor Marvin Griffin's announcement that "The rest of the nation is looking to Georgia for the lead in segregation." [7] Political pressure for a change in the official state flag increased during the 1990s, in particular during the run-up to the 1996 Olympic Games that were held in Atlanta. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) focused on the Georgia flag as a major issue and some business leaders in Georgia felt that the perceptions of the flag were causing economic harm to the state. In 1992, Governor Zell Miller announced his intention to get the battle flag element removed, but the state legislature refused to pass any flag-modifying legislation. The matter was dropped after the 1993 legislative session. Many Atlanta residents and some Georgia politicians refused to fly the 1956 flag and flew the pre-1956 flag instead. Governor Miller later apologized for his attempt at changing the flag.[citation needed] Miller's successor as Governor, Roy Barnes, responded to the increasing calls for a new state flag, and in 2001 hurried a replacement through the Georgia General Assembly. His new flag sought a compromise, by featuring small versions of some (but not all) of Georgia's former flags, including the controversial 1956 flag, under the words "Georgia's History." Those flags are a thirteen-star U.S. flag of the "Betsy Ross" design; the first Georgia flag (before 1879); the 1920-1956 Georgia flag; the previous state flag (1956-2001); and the current fifty-star U.S. flag. In a 2001 survey on state and provincial flags in North America conducted by the North American Vexillological Association, the redesigned Georgia flag was ranked the worst by a wide margin; the group stated that the flag "violates all the principles of good flag design."

French vs. Indian War

The war was fought primarily between the colonies of British America and the New France, with both sides supported by military units from their parent countries of Great Britain and France. In 1756 the war escalated from a regional affair into a world-wide conflict. In Canada some historians refer to the conflict as the Seven Years War fought for control of eastern north america. British won.

manifest destiny

belief that it was God's will for the U.S. to conquer and settle territory all the way to the pacific coast

vietnam war

a Cold War-era military conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. This war followed the First Indochina War and was fought between North Vietnam, supported by its communist allies, and the government of South Vietnam, supported by the United States and other anti-communist countries.

containment

a United States policy using numerous strategies to prevent the spread of communism abroad.

Freedom Summer

a campaign in the United States launched in June 1964 to attempt to register as many, African American voters as possible in Mississippi which had historically excluded most blacks from voting.

John Locke

believed people were born with natural rights and no govt can take that away

free silver

a central American policy issue in the late 19th century. Its advocates were in favor of an inflationary monetary policy using the "free coinage of silver" as opposed to the less inflationary gold standard; its supporters were called "Silverites".

Milledgeville, GA

a city in and the county seat of Baldwin County in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is northeast of Macon, located just before Eatonton on the way to Athens along U.S. It was the capital of Georgia from 1804 to 1868, notably during the American Civil War. In 1803 an act of the Georgia legislature called for the establishment and survey of a town to be named in honor of the current governor, John Milledge. The land immediately west of the Oconee River had just been opened up by the Treaty of Fort Wilkinson (1802), in which the Creek Indians, hard pressed by debts to white traders, agreed to cede part of their ancient land. The restless white population of Georgia was pressing west and south in search of new farmland, and the town of Milledgeville was Milledgeville, 1800s carved out of the Oconee wilderness to help accommodate their needs. The area was surveyed, and a town plat of 500 acres was divided into 84 four-acre squares. The survey also included four public squares of twenty acres each. In December 1804 Milledgeville was declared by the legislature to be the new capital of Georgia. The new town, modeled after Savannah and Washington, D.C., was located on the edge of the frontier, where the Upper Coastal Plain merges into the Piedmont.

open door policy

a concept in foreign affairs, which usually refers to the policy in 1899 allowing multiple Imperial powers access to China, with none of them in control of that country.

Harlem Renaissance

a cultural movement that spanned the 1920s and 1930s. At the time, it was known as the "New Negro Movement", named after the 1925 anthology by Alain Locke.

progressive movement

a general political philosophy advocating or favoring social, political, and economic reform.

unionism

a labor union organizing method through which all workers in the same industry are organized into the same union

yazoo fraud

a massive fraud perpetrated from 1794 to 1803 by several Georgia governors and the state legislature. James Gun arranged the distribution of $ and land to legislatures, state officials, newspaper editors, and cries of bribery and corruption.

Tet Offensive

a military campaign during the Vietnam War that was launched on January 30, 1968 by forces of the People's Army of Vietnam against the forces of the Republic of Vietnam, the United States, and their allies.

first party system

a model of American politics used by political scientists and historians to periodize the political party system existing in the United States between roughly 1792 and 1824. It featured two national parties competing for control of the presidency, Congress, and the states: the Federalist Party, created largely by Alexander Hamilton, and the rival Democratic-Republican Party formed by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.

baby boomers

a person who was born during the demographic Post-World War II baby boom between the years 1946 and 1964, according to the U.S.

Conservatism

a political and social philosophy that promotes retaining traditional institutions and supports, at most, minimal and gradual change in society.

moral majority

a prominent American political organization associated with the Christian right.

Quebec

a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level. originally in the french colony

communism

a revolutionary socialist movement to create a classless, moneyless, and stateless social order structured upon common ownership of the means of production, as well as a social, political and economic ideology that aims at the establishment of this social order.america feared this

nullification crisis

a sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson created by South Carolina's 1832 Ordinance of Nullification.

Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955

a seminal episode in the U.S. civil rights movement, was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. The campaign lasted from December 1, 1955, when Rosa Parks, an African American woman, was arrested for refusing to surrender her seat to a white person, to December 20, 1956, when a federal ruling, Browder v. Gayle, took effect, and led to a United States Supreme Court decision that declared the Alabama and Montgomery laws requiring segregated buses to be unconstitutional.[1] Many important figures in the civil rights movement took part in the boycott, including Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. and Ralph Abernathy.

new deal

a series of economic programs enacted in the United States between 1933 and 1936. They involved presidential executive orders or laws passed by Congress during the first term of President Franklin D.

sexual revolution

a social movement that challenged traditional codes of behavior related to sexuality and interpersonal relationships throughout the Western world from the 1960s to the 1980s.

free speech movement

a student protest which took place during the 1964-1965 academic year on the campus of the University of California, Berkeley under the informal leadership of students Mario Savio, Brian Turner, Bettina Aptheker, Steve Weissman, Art Goldberg, Jackie Goldberg, and others.

civil war

a war between organized groups within the same nation state or republic, or, less commonly, between two countries created from a formerly united nation state.

13th Amendment (1865)

abolished slavery

declaration of independence

adopted july 1776 proclaimed colonies independence from gb

15th Amendment (1870)

af am right to vote

Kansas-Nebraska Act

allowed the previously free and unorganized territories of kansas ans nebraska to choose whether or not to permit slavery by pop. soverignty its guidelines replaced the missouri compromise and reignited slavery , resulting in a bloody civil war with kansas

victory gardens

also called war gardens or food gardens for defense, were vegetable, fruit and herb gardens planted at private residences and public parks in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada and Germany[1] during World War I and World War II to reduce the pressure on the public food supply brought on by the war effort. In addition to indirectly aiding the war effort these gardens were also considered a civil "morale booster" — in that gardeners could feel empowered by their contribution of labor and rewarded by the produce grown. This made victory gardens become a part of daily life on the home front.

iroquois league

also known as the Haudenosaunee of the "People of the Longhouse", are a league of several nations and tribes of indigenous people of North America.

NAFTA

an agreement signed by the governments of Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America.

Seneca falls convention

an early and influential women's rights convention held in Seneca Falls, New York, July 19-20, 1848. It was organized by local New York women upon the occasion of a visit by Philadelphia-based Lucretia Mott, a Quaker famous for her orating ability, a skill rarely cultivated by American women at the time.

federalist papers

are a series of 85 articles or essays promoting the ratification of the US Constitution written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay.

Benjamin Franklin and French alliance

ben frank went to paris to convince the french to form an open alliance with the u.s. after the am. victory at sartoga, the french finally agreed. France promised money, troops, and support of french navy. Following the us-french treaty.

King Phillips war

between native am and white new england settlers- settlers gained firmer control over the region".

antietam

bloodest single day of the war

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

boycotss aganist british goods in response to the stamp act

stamp act

british tax on printed material in the colonies that outraged colonists, resulted in boycotts aganist british goods, and eventually help lead to colonial calls for independence

US invasion of Panama

code-named Operation Just Cause, was the invasion of Panama by the United States in December 1989. It occurred during the administration of U.S. president George bush and ten years after the Torrijos-Carter Treaties were ratified to transfer control of the Panama Canal from the United States to Panama by the year 2000.

European Communism

collapsed in 1989, marking the end of the cold war

battle of saratoga

conclusively decided the fate of British General John Burgoyne's army in the American War of Independence and are generally regarded as a turning point in the war.During the summer of 1776, a powerful army under British General Sir William Howe invaded the New York City area. His professional troops defeated and outmaneuvered General George Washington's less trained forces. An ill advised American invasion of Canada had come to an appalling end, its once confident regiments reduced to a barely disciplined mob beset by smallpox and pursuing British troops through the Lake Champlain Valley.

Johnson's Impeachment

congress impeach him bc he tried to fire secretary of war edwin stanton senate voted to spare johnson

federalist party

considered the first American political party. It advocated a strong national government, and prominent Federalists included John Adams and Alexander Hamilton.

Missouri Compromise

deal with the issues of slavery in new territories

Great Compromise

established a legislative branch with two houses

16th Amendment

established income tax and increased fed. govt. revenue and and elimited the need to tax according to the proportions of state populations

Washington's army

farmers, volunteers and untrained. SHort of supplies

Douglas MacArthur

fleed when the japenese invaded but returned to us force that liberated the islands General of the Army Douglas MacArthur (26 January 18805 April 1964) was an American general and field marshal of the Philippine Army who was Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s and played a prominent role in the Pacific theater during World War II.

scopes trial

formally known as The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes and commonly referred to as the Scopes Monkey Trial, was a landmark American legal case in 1925 in which high school science teacher, John Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which made it unlawful to teach evolution in any state-funded school.

Marquis de Lafayette

french man who made his way to am to fight for the revolution

Zimmerman Telegram

german telegram sent to the embassy officials in mexico directing them to ask mexico to attack us if it declared war on germany. in return germany promised to help mexico win back land that us had acquired as a result of the mex. am war. it helped increase anti german sentiment in the us

writ of habeas corpus

guarentee that a person will see a judge before being imprisoned. ab lincoln suspended this right during the civil war to protect the union

Reagan Revolution

in recognition of the political realignment both within and beyond the U.S. in favor of his brand of conservatism and his faith in free markets. The Reagan administration worked toward the collapse of Soviet Communism, and it did collapse just as he left office.

crop lien system

is a credit system that became widely used by farmers in the United States in the South from the 1860s to the 1920s After the American Civil War, farmers in the South had little cash. The crop-lien system was a way for farmers to get credit before the planting season by borrowing against the value for anticipated harvests. Local merchants provided food and supplies all year long on credit; when the cotton crop was harvested farmers turned it over to the merchant to pay back their loan. Sometimes there was cash left over; when cotton prices were low, the crop did not cover the debt and the farmer started the next year in the red. The credit system was used by land owners, sharecroppers and tenant farmers.[1] The merchants had to borrow the money to buy supplies, and in turn charged the farmer interest as well as a higher price for merchandise bought on such credit. The merchant insisted that more cotton (or some other cash crop) be grown—nothing else paid well—and thus came to dictate the crops that a farmer grew. When farmers suddenly left the area, the bills went unpaid and the merchant had to absorb the loss, as well as the risk that cotton prices would fall so the raw cotton he was given at harvest time was worth less than the amount he loaned during the year.

Tennessee Valley Authority

is a federally owned corporation in the United States created by congressional charter in May 1933 to provide navigation, flood control, electricity generation, fertilizer manufacturing, and economic development in the Tennessee Valley, a region particularly affected by the Great Depression.

Bill Clinton

is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Inaugurated at age 46, he was the third-youngest president. liberal policies- national health care plan fell under a barrage of lobbying and patisan attacks & republican victories in 94 congressional elections forced him to shift toward republican

laissez faire

is an economic environment in which transactions between private parties are free from tariffs, government subsidies, and enforced monopolies, with only enough government regulations sufficient to protect property rights against theft and aggression. The phrase is French and literally means "let [them] do", but it broadly implies "let it be," "let them do as they will," or "leave it alone." Scholars generally believe that state or a completely free market has never existed.[1][2]

War of Worlds Radio

is an episode of the American radio drama anthology series The Mercury Theatre on the Air. It was performed as a Halloween episode of the series on October 30, 1938, and aired over the Columbia Broadcasting System radio network. Directed and narrated by actor and future filmmaker Orson Welles, the episode was an adaptation of H. G. Wells's novel The War of the Worlds. The first two thirds of the 60-minute broadcast were presented as a series of simulated news bulletins, which suggested to many listeners that an actual alien invasion by Martians was currently in progress. (prior to ww2)

Tariffs

is either (1) a tax on imports or exports (trade tariff) in and out of a country, Tariffs for many years were primarily to collect Federal revenue and only secondarily to protect start-up industries.

Ku Klux Klan

is the name of three distinct past and present far-right organizations in the United States, which have advocated extremist reactionary currents such as white supremacy, white nationalism, and anti-immigration, historically expressed through terrorism.

in what ways did the industrial revolution affect the north and south

it contributed to sectionalism. Inventions like the cotton gin made the south more dependent on cotton and slavery, whil eother inventions and innovations like interchangable parts made the north more dependent on manufacturing, factories, and immigrant labor

Battle of Midway

key battle in the pacific won by us and which marked the turning point of the pacific war

John C. Calhoun

known as a southern hero who supported state rights

Cuban Missile Crisis

known as the October crisis in Cuba and the Caribbean crisis in the USSR-was a 13-day confrontation between the Soviet Union and Cuba on one side and the United States on the other; the crisis occurred in October 1962, during the Cold War.

Georgia

last settled colony

neutrality act

law passed by congress in 1935 which prohibitte the sale of weapons to warring nations and was meant to keep the us from forming alliances that might drag the nation into war

Espionage and Sedition Acts

laws passed by congress during ww1. these acts made it illeagal to interfere with the draft, obstruct the sale of liberty bonds, or make statements considered disloyal to, or critical of, the govt., the const., or the us military

Alien and Sedation Acts (1798)

laws passed by federalist that allowed to govt to arrest and detain or remove foreigners deemed untrustworthy and limit free speech and expression

intolerable acts

laws passed by gb after boston tea party which enclosed the boston harbor

quakers

members of the Religious Society of Friends, Some Quakers came to North America in the early days because they wanted to spread their beliefs to the British colonists there while others came to escape the persecution that they were experiencing in Europe. First known Quakers in North America were missionaries who arrived there in 1656. Soon other Quaker preachers arrived, many colonists converted to Quakerism. The colony of Rhode Island, with its policy of religious freedom, was a frequent destination, as the Friends were persecuted by law in Massachusetts until 1681. Pennsylvania was formed by William Penn in 1681 as a haven for persecuted Quakers. Quakers also spread into Mexico and Central America.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

most known for womens sufferage

abolition movement

movement to end slavery, whether formal or informal. In western Europe and the Americas, abolitionism was a historical movement to end the African slave trade and set slaves free.

Upton Sinclair

muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. The book was fiction but based on the things Sinclair had seen.

trail of tears

name given to the forced relocation and movement of Native American nations from southeastern parts of the US following the Indian Removal Act of 1830. The removal included many members of the Cherokee, Muscogee, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw nations, among others in the US, from their homelands to Indian Territory (eastern sections of the present-day state of Oklahoma).

Erie canal

ny economy grew bc the canal allowed manufactureres to ship products easy

Kent State Shootings

occurred at Kent State University in the U.S. city of Kent, Ohio, and involved the shooting of unarmed college students by the Ohio National Guard on Monday, May 4, 1970. The guardsmen fired 67 rounds over a period of 13 seconds, killing four students and wounding nine others, one of whom suffered permanent paralysis.[5] Some of the students who were shot had been protesting against the American invasion of Cambodia, which President Richard Nixon announced in a television address on April 30. Other students who were shot had been walking nearby or observing the protest from a distance

the cold war

often dated from 1947-1991, was a sustained state of political and military tension between the powers of the Western world, led by the United States and its NATO allies, and the communist world, led by the Soviet Union, its satellite states and allies.

treaty of versailles

one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I.

battle of yorktown

or Siege of Yorktown was fought from April 5 to May 4, 1862, as part of the Peninsula Campaign of the American Civil War.

Whiskey Rebellion

or Whiskey Insurrection, was a tax protest in the United States beginning in 1791, during the presidency of George Washington. Washington called up the militia and repressing the rebellious farmers—all were later pardoned. The whiskey excise tax collected so little and was so despised it was abolished by President Thomas Jefferson in 1802.

14 points

peace proposal by woodrow wilson following ww1

Spoils System

practice by jackson rewarding political supporters with govt positions

John Brown's Raid

raid on Harpers Ferry was an attempt by white abolitionist John Brown to start an armed slave revolt by seizing a United States Arsenal at Harpers Ferry in Virginia in 1859. Brown's raid was defeated by a detachment of U.S.

Affirmative Action

refers to policies that take factors including "race, color, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or national origin" into consideration in order to benefit an underrepresented group "in areas of employment, education, and business", usually justified as countering the effects of a history of discrimination.

Muckrakers

refers to reform-minded journalists who wrote largely for popular magazines, continued a tradition of investigative journalism reporting, and emerged in the United States after 1900 and continued to be influential until World War I, when through a combination of advertising boycotts, dirty tricks and patriotism, the movement, associated with the Progressive Era in the United States, came to an end. roosevelt coined this name for them.

hay market bombing

refers to the aftermath of a bombing that took place at a labor demonstration on Tuesday May 4, 1886, at Haymarket Square[3] in Chicago. It began as a peaceful rally in support of workers striking for an eight-hour day. An unknown person threw a dynamite bomb at police as they acted to disperse the public meeting. The bomb blast and ensuing gunfire resulted in the deaths of seven police officers and at least four civilians, and the wounding of scores of others.

Freedman's Bureau, 1865

relief agency that provided clothes medical food and education to af am coming out of slavery

women's rights movement

rights and entitlements claimed for women and girls of many societies worldwide.

inalienable rights

rights that cannot be taken away from you through govt.

Carter Administration

served as the thirty-ninth President of the United States from 1977 to 1981. His administration sought to make the government "competent and compassionate" but, in the midst of an economic crisis produced by rising energy prices and stagflation, met with difficulty in achieving its objectives

March to the Sea

shermans march from atl to sav. in which his army burned buildings destroyed railroads and set fire to factories

temperance movement

social movement aimed at restricting and eventually banning alchol

lord cornwallis

southern british commander who foughtthe american army in the carolinas and utimately surrended to washington in yorktown

1960's youth movement

started because of the Civil Rights movement. belief was that how could the U.S fight for another countries freedom when their was racism and discrimination occurring in their own country? The first anti-war protest was "teach-ins". These were meant to educate the public about the war. The youth were focusing on the freedom and rights for youth, but they were also protesting the Vietnam War. The protest against the war was organized marches and protests. They took a non- violent approach. Once it became obvious that it was impossible to win the war the protest movement reached its peak. Although they wanted to use non-violent approaches, some anti-war demonstration turned violent, for example, the March on the Pentagon, Kent State University, and Detroit Riots.

Oil Crisis 1970s

started in October 1973, when the members of Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries or the OAPEC (consisting of the Arab members of OPEC, plus Egypt, Syria and Tunisia) proclaimed an oil embargo. This was in response to the U.S. decision to re-supply the Israeli military during the Yom Kippur war.[1] It lasted until March 1975

Monroe Doctrine

stated that the US would no longer tolerate attempts by europeans to colonize the western hemisphere and that any effort to do so would be seen as an act of aggression. promised that US would not interefere in the affairs of other nations, both in am and europe

Roosevelt Corollary

statement issued by teddy roosevelt which expanded upon monroe doctrine. it stated that us could intervere in the region if a nation had trouble paying its debts. Wanted to make sure that imperialist nations did not use debt collection as an excuse to occupy territories in the carribean or latin am.

Susan B. Anthony

supported temperance and abolitionist movements joined elizabeth staton to fight for women rights womens sufferage -right for women to vote

second party system

term of periodization used by historians and political scientists to name the political party system existing in the United States from about 1828 to 1854, after the First Party System. The major parties were the Democratic Party, led by Andrew Jackson, and the Whig Party, assembled by Henry Clay from the National Republicans and other opponents of Jackson.

mercantilism

the economic doctrine that government control of foreign trade is of paramount importance for ensuring the prosperity and military security of the state.

reconstruction era of the US

the first covers the complete history of the entire U.S. from 1865-1877 following the Civil War; the second sense focuses on the transformation of the Southern United States from 1863 to 1877, as directed by Washington, with the reconstruction of state and society.

internment camps

the relocation and internment by the United States government in 1942 of about 110,000 Japanese Americans and Japanese who lived along the Pacific coast of the United States to camps called "War Relocation Camps," in the wake of Imperial Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor.[1][2] The internment of Japanese Americans was applied unequally throughout the United States.

the enlightenment

time that featured revolutionary idea in philosophy and political thought

Edison light bulb

transformed us culture and buisness by allowing ppl to work and engage in leisure activities later hours

Twin Pillars Policy

u.s. policy to promote iran and saudi arabia as local gaurdian of u.s. in persian gulf war

fort sumter

union fort in charleston where the first shots of the civil war were fired after confederate forces fired on union soliders.

17th Amendment

us senators elected by people not by state legislators

the great awakening

used to refer to several periods of religious revival in American religious history. Historians and theologians identify 3 or 4 waves of increased religious enthusiasm occurring between the early 18th century and the late 19th century. Each of these "Great Awakenings" was characterized by widespread revivals led by evangelical Protestant ministers, a sharp increase of interest in religion, a profound sense of conviction and redemption on the part of those affected, an increase in evangelical church membership, and the formation of new religious movements and denominations.

James Edward Oglethorpe

was a British general, Member of Parliament, philanthropist, and founder of the colony of Georgia.

Eugene Talmadge

was a Democratic politician who served two terms as the 67th Governor of Georgia from 1933 to 1937, and a third term from 1941 to 1943. Elected to a fourth term in 1946, he died before taking office. To date only Joe Brown and Eugene Talmadge have been elected four times as Governor of Georgia. went to uga, aganist new deal

Leo Frank

was a Jewish-American factory superintendent whose hanging in 1915 by a lynch mob, planned and led by prominent citizens in Marietta, Georgia, drew attention to antisemitism in the United States.

world war 1

was a global war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918. It was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until the start of World War II in 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter.

world war 2

was a global war that was under way by 1939 and ended in 1945. It involved a vast majority of the world's nations-including all of the great powers-eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis.

Nancy Morgan Hart

was a heroine of the American Revolutionary War whose exploits against Loyalists in the Georgia backcountry are the stuff of legend. most known for holding six British soldiers at gunpoint, but this is only one of her patriotic efforts against the British. Hart was determined to rid the area of Tories, colonists loyal to the King.

Brown v. Board of Education

was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional.

Dred Scott Decision

was a landmark decision by the U.S. Supreme Court that people of African descent brought into the United States and held as slaves were not protected by the Constitution and were not U.S.

Henry L. Benning

was a lawyer, legislator, judge on the Georgia Supreme Court, and a Confederate general during the American Civil War.

War of 1812

was a military conflict fought between the forces of the United States and those of the British Empire. The United States declared war in 1812 for several reasons, including trade restrictions brought about by Britain's ongoing war with France, the impressment of American merchant sailors into the Royal Navy, British support of American Indian tribes against American expansion, outrage over insults to national honour after humiliations on the high seas, and possible American desire to annex Canada.

American prohibition

was a national ban on the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcohol, in place from 1920 to 1933.[1] The ban was mandated by the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution, and the Volstead Act set down the rules for enforcing the ban and defined the types of alcoholic beverages that were prohibited. Private ownership of consumable alcohol and drinking it was not made illegal. Prohibition ended with the ratification of the Twenty-first Amendment, which repealed the Eighteenth Amendment, on December 5, 1933.

Pullman Strike

was a nationwide conflict between the new American Railway Union and railroads that occurred in the United States in summer 1894. It shut down much of the nation's freight and passenger traffic west of Detroit.

compromise of 1850

was a package of five bills, passed in September 1850, which defused a four-year confrontation between the slave states of the South and the free states of the North regarding the status of territories acquired during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848).

Watergate Scandal

was a political scandal that occurred in the United States in the 1970s as a result of the June 1972 break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington, D.C., and the Nixon administration's attempted cover-up of its involvement.

Tunis Campbell

was a prominent African American politician of the 19th century, and a major figure in Reconstruction Georgia.Born in Middlebrook, New Jersey, he served as a Justice of the Peace, a delegate to the State Constitutional Convention, and as a Georgia state senator.Died with a goal to help freedmen vote,, he was appointed to the Board of Registration in Georgia. He was elected to congress as a senator in Georgia in 1868 only to be expelled from office because white congressmen agreed that blacks didn't have the right to hold office. He was able to return to office in 1871, but lost in 1872 and eventually imprisoned in a Georgia labor camp before fleeing the state.

election of 1860

was a quadrennial election held on November 6, 1860, for the office of President of the United States and the immediate impetus for the outbreak of the American Civil War. Democratic party split over the issue of slavery, enabling republican ab. lincoln to win the election. lincolns election made southerners mad so they seceded and lead to the civil war

the great depression

was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in 1930 after the passage of the United States' Smoot-Hawley Tariff bill (June 17), and lasted until the late 1930s or middle 1940s.[1] It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the 20th century.[2]

the Stono rebellion

was a slave rebellion that commenced on 9 September 1739, in the colony of South Carolina. It was the largest slave uprising in the British mainland colonies prior to the American Revolution.

civil rights movement

was a worldwide political movement for equality before the law occurring between approximately 1950 and 1980. In many situations it took the form of campaigns of civil resistance aimed at achieving change by nonviolent forms of resistance. In some situations it was accompanied, or followed, by civil unrest and armed rebellion. The process was long and tenuous in many countries, and many of these movements did not fully achieve their goals although, the efforts of these movements did lead to improvements in the legal rights of previously oppressed groups of people.

James Wright

was an American colonial lawyer and jurist who was the last British Royal Governor of the Province of Georgia.

Herman Talmadge

was an American politician from the state of Georgia. He served as the 70th Governor of Georgia briefly in 1947 and again from 1948 to 1955. His term was marked by his segregationist policies. After leaving office Talmadge was elected to the U.S. Senate, serving from 1957 until 1981. Talmadge was born in McRae in Telfair County in south central Georgia, the only son of Eugene Talmadge, who served as Governor of Georgia during much of the 1930s and the 1940s. He earned a degree from the University of Georgia School of Law in 1936, where he had been a member of the Demosthenian Literary Society and Sigma Nu fraternity. The younger Talmadge saw combat in the United States Navy during World War II. On his return from the South Pacific as a lieutenant commander, Herman ran his father's successful campaign for governor in 1946. Supporters of Eugene Talmadge were unsure of Eugene's chances of surviving until he was sworn in, so they did some research into the state constitution and found that if Eugene died, the Georgia General Assembly would choose between the second and third place finishers. The elder Talmadge ran unopposed, so they arranged for write-in votes for Herman as insurance. In December 1946, the elder Talmadge died.

W.E.B. DuBois

was an American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author and editor. Born in western Massachusetts, Du Bois grew up in a tolerant community and experienced little racism as a child. After graduating from Harvard, where he was the first African American to earn a doctorate, he became a professor of history, sociology and economics at Atlanta University. Du Bois was one of the co-founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909. against jim crow laws. rose to national prominence as the leader of the Niagara Movement, a group of African-American activists who wanted equal rights for blacks. Du Bois and his supporters opposed the Atlanta Compromise, an agreement crafted by Booker T. Washington which provided that Southern blacks would work and submit to white political rule, while Southern whites guaranteed that blacks would receive basic educational and economic opportunities. Instead, Du Bois insisted on full civil rights and increased political representation, which he believed would be brought about by the African-American intellectual elite. He referred to this group as the talented tenth and believed that African Americans needed the chances for advanced education to develop its leadership.

William T. Sherman

was an American soldier, businessman, educator and author. He served as a General in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861-65), for which he received recognition for his outstanding command of military strategy as well as criticism for the harshness of the "scorched earth" policies that he implemented in conducting total war against the Confederate States.[1] Military historian B. H. Liddell Hart famously declared that Sherman was "the first modern general".[2] served under General Ulysses S. Grant in 1862 and 1863 during the campaigns that led to the fall of the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg on the Mississippi River and culminated with the routing of the Confederate armies in the state of Tennessee. In 1864, Sherman succeeded Grant as the Union commander in the western theater of the war. He proceeded to lead his troops to the capture of the city of Atlanta, a military success that contributed to the re-election of President Abraham Lincoln. Sherman's subsequent march through Georgia and the Carolinas further undermined the Confederacy's ability to continue fighting. He accepted the surrender of all the Confederate armies in the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida in April 1865. When Grant assumed the U.S. presidency in 1869, Sherman succeeded him as Commanding General of the Army (1869-83). As such, he was responsible for the U.S. Army's engagement in the Indian Wars over the next 15 years, in the western United States. He steadfastly refused to be drawn into politics and in 1875 published his Memoirs, one of the best-known first-hand accounts of the Civil War.

Rebecca Latimer Felton

was an American writer, lecturer, reformer, and politician who became the first woman to serve in the United States Senate. She was the most prominent woman in Georgia in the Progressive Era, and was honored by appointment to the Senate; she was sworn in on November 21, 1922, and served one day, the shortest serving Senator in U.S. history. At 87 years old, 9 months and 22 days, she was also the oldest freshman senator to enter the Senate. As of 2012, she is also the only woman to have served as a Senator from Georgia. She was a prominent society woman; an advocate of prison reform, women's suffrage and educational modernization; and one of the few prominent women who spoke in favor of lynching.

Thurgood Marshall

was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, serving from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court's 96th justice and its first African-American justice.Before becoming a judge, Marshall was a lawyer who was best known for his high success rate in arguing before the Supreme Court and for the victory in Brown v. Board of Education. He argued more cases before the United States Supreme Court than anyone else in history.[2] He served on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit after being appointed by President John F. Kennedy and then served as the Solicitor General after being appointed by President Lyndon Johnson in 1965. President Johnson nominated him to the United States Supreme Court in 1967.

Thomas Paine

was an English-American political activist, philosopher, political theorist, and revolutionary. As the author of two highly influential pamphlets at the start of the American Revolution, he became on of the founding Fathers of the United States. His ideas reflected Enlightenment era rhetoric of transnational human rights. He has been called "a corset maker by trade, a journalist by profession, and a propagandist by inclination."

northwest ordinance

was an act of the congress of the confederation of the US, passed July 13, 1787. The primary effect of the ordinance was the creation of the Northwest Territory as the first organized territory of the US out of the region south of the Great Lakes, north and west of the Ohio River, and east of the Mississippi River.

Mexican american war

was an armed conflict between the United States of America and Mexico from 1846 to 1848 in the wake of the 1845 U.S. in the wake of the 1845 U.S. annexation of Texas, which Mexico considered part of its territory despite the 1836 Texas Revolution. president james f polk

league of nations

was an intergovernmental organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War.

bacon rebellion

was an uprising in 1676 in the Virginia Colony in North America, led by a 29-year-old planter, Nathaniel Bacon. burned jamestown

World Trade Organization (WTO)

was established to help establish uniform tariff rates. is an organization that intends to supervise and liberalize international trade.

Strategic Defense Initiative

was proposed by U.S. President Ronald Reagan on March 23, 1983, to use ground and space-based systems to protect the United States from attack by strategic nuclear ballistic missiles.

Joseph Brown

was the 42nd Governor of Georgia from 1857 to 1865, and a U.S. Senator from 1880 to 1891. During the American Civil War, Brown, a former Whig, had constant disagreements with Confederate President Jefferson Davis, whom he saw as an incipient tyrant.

axis powers

was the alignment of nations that fought in the Second World War against the Allied forces.

Battle of Vicksburg (1863)

was the final major military action in the Vicksburg Campaign of the American Civil War.

house of burgesses

was the first assembly of elected representatives of English colonists in North America.

Bataan Death March

was the forcible transfer, by the Imperial Japanese Army, of 60,000 Filipino and 15,000 American prisoners of war after the three-month Battle of Bataan in the Philippines during World War II.

the county-unit system

was used by the U.S. state of Georgia to determine a victor in its primary elections. Each county was given a certain number of votes and the candidate who received the highest number of votes in that county won all their 'unit votes', under a form of block voting. A candidate had to have a majority of county unit votes to win and if no candidate received a majority, then a run-off election would be held between the top two finishers.In 1963, the county unit system was declared unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court in its Gray v. Sanders decision. The Supreme Court found that the system violated the 'one man, one vote' principle. The Federal District Court for the District of North Georgia had previously enjoined the state from using the county unit system in the spring of 1962 and had instead instituted a statewide preferential primary. The gubernatorial primary was won by Sen. Carl Sanders over former Governor Marvin Griffin (a Talmadge-machine backed candidate).

mugwump party

were Republican political activists who bolted from the United States Republican Party by supporting Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland in the United States presidential election of 1884. They switched parties because they rejected the financial corruption associated with Republican candidate James G. Blaine. In a close election, the Mugwumps supposedly made the difference in New York state and swung the election to Cleveland.

whig party

were a party in the Parliament of England, Parliament of Great Britain, and Parliament of the United Kingdom, who contested power with the rival Tories from the 1680s to the 1850s.

Greensboro Woolworth's lunch sit-ins

were a series of nonviolent protests in 1960 which led to the Woolworth's department store chain reversing its policy of racial segregation in the Southern United States.[1] While not the first sit-ins of the African-American Civil Rights Movement, the Greensboro sit-ins were an instrumental action, leading to increased national sentiment at a crucial period in US history.[2]

puritans

were a significant grouping of English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries, including, but not also limited to, English Calvinists.not tolerant of others religion

1961 Freedom Riders

were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961 and following years to test the United States Supreme Court decisions Boynton v. Virginia (1960)[1] and Irene Morgan v. Commonwealth of Virginia (1946).[2] The first Freedom Ride left Washington, D.C., on May 4, 1961,[3] and was scheduled to arrive in New Orleans on May 17.[4]. Boynton outlawed racial segregation in the restaurants and waiting rooms in terminals serving buses that crossed state lines. Five years prior to the Boynton ruling, the Interstate Commerce Commission had issued a ruling in Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company that had explicitly denounced the Plessy v. Ferguson doctrine of separate but equal in interstate bus travel. The ICC failed to enforce its ruling, and Jim Crow travel laws remained in force throughout the South

fugitive slave law

were laws passed by the United States Congress in 1793 and 1850 to provide for the return of slaves who escaped from one state into another state or territory.

Kentucky and Virginia resolves

were political statements drafted in 1798 and 1799, in which the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures took the position that the federal Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional.

Jim Crow laws

were state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965. They mandated de jure racial segregation in all public facilities in Southern states of the former Confederacy, with, starting in 1890, a "separate but equal" status for African Americans.

Appomatox Courthouse, Virginia

where robert e lee surrended to uylsses s grant