History Final: ALL the test questions

What was the "Great Fear"?

A time in which the nobles created fear and chaos by terrorizing peasants.

Which point in history best marks the time in which England adopted the form of constitutional monarchy that remains to this day?

After the Glorious Revolution

Queen Elizabeth established the

Anglican Church

Both Mary Astell and Mary Wollstonecraft were from

England

What happened during the War of Spanish Succession?

European nations formed an alliance to defeat France in order to keep the European balance of power.

Which statement is NOT true about European exploration?

Europeans needed a sea route to the east because they were not connected by land.

True or False: Divine Right is a belief that all monarchs should share power with the clergy.

False

Martin Luther came from a territory in what is now known as

Germany

Which Spaniard conquered the Aztecs?

Hernando Cortés

Which word best describes the quote: "At last it seems to me I have come to understand why man is the most fortunate of creatures and consequently worthy of all admiration and what precisely is that rank which is his lot in the universal chain of Being-a rank to be envied not only by brutes but even by the stars and by minds beyond this world. It is a matter past faith and a wondrous one. Why should it not be? For it is on this very account that man is rightly called and judged a great miracle and a wonderful creature indeed. ..."

Humanist

Catholics, Lutherans, Anglicans, and Calvinists all believe

Jesus is the son of God.

Renaissance men were expected to be...

Knowledgeable in many fields.

Which is NOT considered a part of the legacy of the enlightenment?

The rejection of observable and measurable evidence.

Which estate paid the most in taxes in the "Old Regime"?

Third

Why did Peter the Great construct the city of St. Petersburg?

To connect Russia to Europe.

Who were "Les Poissardes" also known as "the fish ladies"?

Women who attacked Versailles.

Lands that are controlled by other nations are called

colonies

True or False: Only white Europeans captured and sold African slaves.

false

Europeans attempted the complete destruction of Native Americans. This is an example of

genocide

A system of layers from high class to low class is called a(n)

hierarchy

Church officials who work in the church and live and teach among common people are called

priests

The Medici Family of Florence is an example of each of the following except...

royals

Economic issues involve

the sharing of resources, jobs, trade, and money

What crime were Louis and Marie Antoinette executed for?

treason

Martin Luther's letter of complaints against the Roman Catholic Church was called the

95 Theses

Which statement about Portuguese exploration and conquest is not true?

A German mapmaker named the "new world" America, using the Native American name for the land.

Which of the following is NOT a cause of the Renaissance?

A loss of interest in human ability and achievement

Henry VIII and Queen Elizabeth established the

Anglican Church

Who did Louis and Marie Antoinette ask for help when they tried to flea France?

Austria

Which is true of the War of Austrian Succession?

Austria and Prussia fought for power.

Which of the following statements best describes why the Catholic Church persecuted scientists like Galileo?

Because his ideas about the universe challenged their beliefs about the earths creation.

Why was the Bastille attacked?

Because many political prisoners were locked up there, and it had weapons and ammunition as well.

Why did the philosophe Montesquieu believe that the British form of government was the ultimate form of government?

Because they had separate branches of government that could check each other.

Which describes a positive outcome from the Columbian Exchange?

Better nutrition and longer lifespans as a result of new food sources.

What was the major effect of the invention of the printing press?

Books became readily available & cheap enough for people to afford

Napoleon was viewed as a hero for...

Bringing law and order to France after the Revolution.

Which is NOT true of the Seven Years' War?

Britain was declared the ultimate loser in the war.

William Shakespeare's plays can be described as each of the following except...

Christian humanist.

The exchange of goods and ideas between the "Old World" and the "New World" is called the

Coulmbian Exchange

Which of the following would NOT be considered "classical"?

Dante Alighieri's poem "Inferno"

Which of the following men cannot be considered a conquistador?

Dias

According to Rousseau, what is the ideal type of government?

Direct Democracy

The declaration of religious toleration that allowed Huguenots to live peacefully in France was the...

Edict of Nantes.

Which of the following was not a core belief of the philisophes?

Faith

Dante Aligierhi wrote Inferno during the Italian Renaissance.

False

True of False: Atahualpa was freed by the Spanish after giving them one room full of gold and two rooms full of silver.

False

True or False: European explorers were mostly searching for new food sources, needed to survive.

False

True or False: Pizarro was disgusted by the way Cortez treated the Aztec.

False

True or False: Prince Henry the Navigator was the first explorer to sail around the entire globe.

False

True or False: Prussia is a part of Russia?

False

True or False: The Aztec social hierarchy is best described as a feudal system.

False

True or False: The Hapsburgs never had political connections to other ruling families in Europe.

False

True or False: The Northern Renaissance began, partly, because Northern countries had weaker political leaders than those of Italy.

False

True or False: The Renaissance spirit of humanism did not play a role in the age of exploration.

False

Which estate controlled nearly all of the wealth in the "Old Regime"?

First

Which estates controlled nearly all of the wealth in the "Old Regime"?

First and Second

The ITALIAN Renaissance started in the Italian city-state of

Florence

Which does NOT describe the Peace of Westphalia?

Gave German princes some religious freedoms for the first time in history.

The bloodless overthrow of King James II was the

Glorious Revolution.

All of the following are ideals/characteristics of ITALIAN Renaissance art EXCEPT:

Harshly criticizing the Catholic Church

How did Frederick William (The Great Elector) change Prussia following the Thirty Years' War?

He built a military state.

Why was Cardinal Richelieu an important figure in French government?

He encouraged King Louis XIII to enter into the Thirty Years War and helped France become the most powerful nation in France.

Which statement about Maximilian Robespierre is not true?

He refused to use violence while leading French revolutionaries.

Which statement about Peter the Great is NOT true?

He showed no signs of ruling as an enlightened monarch.

Which statement about Ivan the Terrible is NOT true?

He was Prussian

Which is not true of King James I of England?

He was able to continue the Tudor dynasty in England.

What does this quote from Frederick II (The Great) suggest about him? "A prince... is only the first servant of the state, who is obliged to act with probity [honesty] and prudence... As the sovereign is properly the head of a family of citizens, the father of his people, he ought on all occasions to be the last refuge of the unfortunate."

He was enlightened.

Christian humanist writers of the NORTHERN Renaissance focused each of the following except:

Helping the church make more money by lying to and stealing from their Roman Catholic followers.

Humanism is the belief that

Humans have the potential to achieve great things.

Which of the following statements BEST expresses humanist beliefs?

Humans have the potential to achieve great things.

Pope Paul III permitted Ignatius of Loyola to create a new order, or type, of Catholic Priest called the Jesuit Order because...

Ignatius was young, popular, and brilliant, like Luther, leading the Pope to fear he could lead another split from the church.

Which major historical trend began in Europe during the Renaissance/Age of Absolutism?

Imperialism

Which was not one of the outcomes of the Council of Trent?

Indulgences are evil and should never have been created in the first place.

According to the text, Napoleon's greatest mistake was...

Invading Russia in the winter.

What was the significance of the concordant signed by Napoleon?

It established a new relationship between the Church and the government.

Which is NOT true about the Napoleonic Code?

It is considered Napoleon's greatest failure.

Which statement is NOT true of the Congress of Vienna?

It was a meeting in Prussia

Who could be called the most Machiavellian ruler?

Ivan IV (the Terrible)

Which was the most radical group during the French Revolution?

Jacobins

Which is NOT a Western country?

Japan

The author of "L'Ami du Peuple," a revolutionary newspaper, who called for the death of all who supported the king was

Jean-Paul Marat

Which best describes the relationship between Martin Luther and John Calvin?

John Calvin learned from, and was inspired by the work of Martin Luther.

What was the outcome of the English Civil War?

King Charles I was beheaded, but his son still became king after the fall of Oliver Cromwell's dictatorship.

Which statement about French nobles is NOT true?

King Louis XIV always believed he was equal to the nobles and should share power equally with them.

According to the text, which statement is true about John Locke's teachings?

Locke believed people had the right to overthrow a government that did not protect their natural rights and liberties.

Which statement about Louis XIV's legacy is NOT true?

Louis XIV left France a far richer kingdom than it was when he became king.

The dictator who ruled during the Reign of Terror...

Maximilien Robespierre.

The journey of African slaves to the Americas was called the

Middle Passage

The terror and chaos of the French Revolution led to the rise of

Napoleon Bonaparte

The Protestant Reformation began in

Northern Europe, during the Renaissance

Which statement is NOT true?

Northern European leaders were most loyal to the Pope.

After the Congress of Vienna

Old European borders were restored.

Which ruler never claimed to have "Divine Right?"

Oliver Cromwell

Who overthrew the monarchy and parliament in order to rule England as a military dictator?

Oliver Cromwell

Napoleon carried out a coup d'état, meaning he...

Overthrew the French government very quickly.

NORTHERN Renaissance artists, like Jan van Eyck, were known for all of the following EXCEPT:

Painting human bodies that look more like gods and angels than men.

After Pizarro overthrew the Inca, he founded the colony of _________________________.

Peru

John Knox brought Calvinism to Scotland and founded the _________________________ Church.

Presbyterian

Who was the host of the Congress of Vienna?

Prince Klemens von Metternich.

Which BEST describes England under the rule of Oliver Cromwell?

Puritans ruled with laws that abolished sinful acts like sports, theater, holidays, dancing, etc.

The Pope lives in and rules the Roman Catholic Church from...

Rome

Which was the greatest challenge faced by Maria Theresa?

Ruling several kingdoms with different cultures and backgrounds.

Radicals who refused to wear the fancy silk stockings like the members of the first and second estate were called...

Sans-culottes.

Which statement is NOT true of Marie Antoinette?

She was known for feeding the poor.

According to your textbook, William and Mary are the first constitutional monarchs in English history because they

Signed and followed the English Bill of Rights upon becoming King and Queen.

Which statement about the Aztec is false?

The Aztec social hierarchy is best described as a feudal system.

Which of the following would NOT be considered "classical"?

The Bible

Which revolutionary document stated that "men are born and remain free and equal in rights... [including] liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression."

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

Why is Waterloo considered one of the most important battles in history?

The English gave Napoleon his final defeat.

What was the name of the pledge to form a new government after the members of the Third Estate were locked out of the Estates General meeting?

The Tennis Court Oath

Christian humanist writers of the NORTHERN Renaissance focused on each of the following except

The belief that the Church should have no political power in Europe.

The Columbian Exchange is defined as...

The exchange of goods and ideas between the "old world" and the "new world."

Which is NOT in the Petition of Right?

The king was declared to be above the law (meaning laws did not apply to the king).

What was the significance of the plebiscite of 1800?

The people of France voted to adopt a new Constitution.

Who is/are the speaker/speakers of the following excerpt: "For the sake of peace and concord, and for the preservation of the relationship and love of the said King of Portugal for the said King and Queen of (Spain)... it being the pleasure of their Highnesses, they, their said representatives, acting in their name and by virtue of their powers herein described, covenanted (promised) and agreed that a boundary or straight line be determined and drawn north and south, from pole to pole, on the said ocean sea, from the Arctic to the Antarctic pole. This boundary or line shall be drawn straight... And all lands, both islands and mainlands, found and discovered already, or to be found and discovered hereafter, by the said King of Portugal and by his vessels on this side of the said line... shall belong to, and remain in the possession of, and pertain forever to, the said King of Portugal and his successors. And all other lands... which have been discovered or shall be discovered by the said King and Queen of Castile, Aragon... and by their vessels, on the western side of the said bound... shall belong to [the King and Queen of Spain]."

The piece was written by the Pope (and his representatives) as well as representatives of the leaders of Spain and Portugal.

Which is not true of the Committee of Public Safety?

Their members all agreed they should go to the furthest extremes to ensure victory.

The Ancient Greeks, and most medieval peoples believed in a geocentric theory of the universe, meaning

They believed the entire universe revolved around the earth.

The role of the Hapsburg family in European history can best be described as...

They had political connections in many kingdoms.

Which best describes the relationship between French Catholics and Huguenots?

They were enemies who fought in several wars against one another.

Which estate provided French labor (work) in the "Old Regime"?

Third

In the Old Regime in France the majority of the population fell into the...

Third Estate.

Who is the Christian Humanist who wrote Utopia?

Thomas More

What is the Purpose of the following excerpt: "For the sake of peace and concord, and for the preservation of the relationship and love of the said King of Portugal for the said King and Queen of (Spain)... it being the pleasure of their Highnesses, they, their said representatives, acting in their name and by virtue of their powers herein described, covenanted (promised) and agreed that a boundary or straight line be determined and drawn north and south, from pole to pole, on the said ocean sea, from the Arctic to the Antarctic pole. This boundary or line shall be drawn straight... And all lands, both islands and mainlands, found and discovered already, or to be found and discovered hereafter, by the said King of Portugal and by his vessels on this side of the said line... shall belong to, and remain in the possession of, and pertain forever to, the said King of Portugal and his successors. And all other lands... which have been discovered or shall be discovered by the said King and Queen of Castile, Aragon... and by their vessels, on the western side of the said bound... shall belong to [the King and Queen of Spain]."

To help prevent a war between Spain and Portugal.

What was the purpose of Napoleon's trade blockade?

To prevent trade and communication between Europe and Great Britain.

True or False: Christopher Columbus sailed west in search of a new route to Asia.

True

True or False: Finding a sea route to Asia made some explorers incredibly wealthy.

True

True or False: The Bubonic Plague can be considered an economic cause of the Renaissance.

True

True or False: The Crusades are considered a cause of the Age of Exploration.

True

True or False: The events of the Reformation can be considered a cause of the Age of Exploration.

True

Which English monarch/monarchs abided by the constitutional documents they signed?

William and Mary

What did Mary Wollstoncraft and Rousseau disagree on?

Women's right to equal education.

An empire is...

a civilization that conquers and rules others.

Who would most likely state the following: "Old nobles should have their power and land returned."

a conservative

Who would most likely state the following: "Every person deserves freedom and liberty."

a liberal

Who would most likely state the following: "Democracy is needed, but violence is not a way to achieve it."

a moderate

Who would most likely state the following: "We Italians are a great people and we deserve to rule our own country."

a nationalist

Who would most likely state the following: "Democracy is needed, even if war and bloodshed is the only way to achieve it!"

a radical

Christopher Columbus is remembered for

accidentally discovering North and South America while trying to find a new sea route to the east.

An Enlightened Monarch is one who...

acknowledges and grants the rights of their people.

Thomas Hobbes believed that

all people are evil and therefore need to be governed by an absolute monarch.

A reformation is

an effort to change and improve something.

Who would most likely state the following: "France should conquer and rule all of Europe."

an imperialist

The Middle Ages were between

ancient history and modern history

Vasco da Gama is remembered for

being the first European sailor to reach the east.

Bartolomeu Dias is remembered for

being the first European to sail around the southern tip of Africa.

Officials who work in the church are called

clergy

The "Glory" in "Gold, God, and Glory" means explorers were trying to

conquer new territories and build and empire.

Prince Henry the Navigator is remembered for

constructing schools in Portugal to train navigators.

The largest killer of Native Americans during the Age of Exploration was...

disease spread by Europeans.

True of False: King Louis XIV always believed he was equal to the nobles and should share power equally with them.

false

The "Gold" in "Gold, God, and Glory" means explorers were trying to

find new trade routes to the East so they could obtain goods to sell for a profit.

Social issues involve

groups of people and their interactions, especially among racial, religious, and economic classes

Which BEST describes the role of Jean Baptiste Colbert?

he was the minister of finance who helped Louis XIV lead France to economic, political, and cultural brilliance.

Skeptics like Descartes and Montaigne believed that

humans can never have absolute knowledge.

Government agents who collected taxes and administered justice under Louis XIV were called

intendants

Which statement about the 30 years war is NOT true?

it started with the Peace of Augsburg

Prussia is important because...

it would eventually play a major role in the formation of the modern state of Germany.

The Renaissance started in Italy because...

its central location makes it good for trade

Political issues involve

laws, rulers, and government

Francis Bacon and Renee Descartes both agreed that

logic and reason make the world a better place and lead to greater understanding.

Which is not an economic cause of the Protestant Reformation?

many priests were sinful

Who lived in isolation, far from society and sought holy knowledge while preserving ancient knowledge as well?

monks

Countries defeated by Napoleon began to feel strong

nationalism.

King Henry VIII created his own church because he

needed an annulment (divorce) and a son.

The feudal system

organized European society after the fall of Rome

Protestants were

people who challenged the corruption in the Roman Catholic Church

A Renaissance art technique used in this artwork to make a painting appear three-dimensional is called...

perspective

The idea that god already knows who will go to heaven and who will go hell, even before we are born, is called...

predestination

Officials who work in the church and live and teach among common people are called

priests

According to John Locke, the purpose of government is to

protect the natural rights of each of its citizens.

Which did not aid the Europeans in their conquest of Native Americans?

religion

Relics are

sacred/holy items that people had to pay to see and pray to.

The primary reason for Columbus' initial voyage of exploration was...

secure a direct trade route to the east by sailing west.

The "God" in "Gold, God, and Glory" means explorers were trying to

spread Christianity.

A goal of the Counter Reformation was

stop the spread of protestantism.

What made the peninsular war so challenging for Napoleon's armies?

the Continental System.

Before the Middle Ages, who held the most power in Europe?

the Roman Empire

Which statement about enlightened monarchs is NOT true?

the never use slavery, torture, or warfare on their people

History is

the study of the past through reading and writing.

John Calvin's religious government in Geneva, Switzerland is best defined as a(n)...

theocracy

Europeans easily decimated the indigenous populations of the "New World" for all of the following reasons, except...

they outnumbered the indigenous population.

Why did the national assembly use the guillotine to punish enemies during the French Revolution?

they saw it as a humane, enlightened form of punishment.

Louis XIV required hundreds of nobles to live in his palace at Versailles because...

this allowed him to exercise greater control over them.

Why did Austria, Prussia, and Britain unite to defeat France.

to balance power in Europe.

Jean Jacques Rousseau felt that the purpose of government was

to provide protection for the people, as well as freedom.

Johann Tetzel

tricked people into buying false indulgences that he said would get them into heaven

Peter the Great had a policy of using western Europe as a model for change. This process was called

westernization.