History Final Exam Part 2

Question 137

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What happened to the global distribution of wealth by the end of the twentienth century?

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Which of the following led to increased agricultural production in China in the late 1970s?

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In the latter part of the twentienth century, weak states and limits to the rule of law led to many gruesome outbreaks of violence in which of the following regions?

Africa

During the 1950s, Americans expressed anxiety about communism in which of the following ways?

Americans bought more consumer goods, which were usually made in the United States

What was the cause of the OPEC oil embargo of 1973?

Arab oil-producing states wanted to pressure Israel's First World allies by halting oil exports to them

How did the Arab-Israeli War of 1947-1948 help shatter the legitimacy of Arab ruling elites?

Arab states were poorly prepared to take on the Israeli Defense Force and eventually lost territory granted to them by the United Nations' partition

Which of the countries used both rewards and strict penalties to bring down their birth rate in the 1980s?

China

Which of the following encouraged the European powers to surrender their African colonies?

European powers were too deep in debt to invest more in pacifying the discontended Africans

Which of the following European claims did the systemic implementation of the Nazi genocide challenge?

Europeans had claimed that their democratic political system was superior to all others

Which of the following led Zionist millitants to use force to attempt to gain statehood?

Following World War II, the British restricted the immigration of hundreds of thousands of concentration camp survivors

How did the Korean War transform Japan's relationship with the winners of World War II?

Japan became an important ally of the Unoted States in the fight against communism

How did Japan justify its conquest of neighboring territory during World War II?

Japan claimed that it was driving out European imperialists and establishing "Asia for the Asians"

Which of the following led to the internal migration of 12 million South Asians in 1947?

Millions of South Asians moved from rural poverty to seek better lives in urban cities

Which of the following people provided the model for protest that Martin Luther King, Jr. adopted in his pursuit of civil rights?

Mohandas Ghandi

In the 1980s and 1990s, which of the following highlighted the declining efficacy of the nation-state?

Nation-states failed to maintain sufficient military migh to protect their borders

Which of the following was a response to Khrushchev's speech in 1956 attempting to seperate Stalinism from true communism?

Polish and Hungarian intellectuals tried to break away from strict communist controls

How did South Africa achieve majority rule?

South Africa achieved majority rule through negotiations between the ruling minority government and African liberation activists, followed by free elections.

Which of the following is a reason why some First World powers supported South Africa druing the 1950s and 1960s?

South Africa was anticommunist

Which of the following accurately depicts the Vietnamese intelligentsia under French rule?

Western educated vietnamese worked as clerks, teachers, and petty officials, but had few opportunities for advancement

For which of the following reasons did President Harry Truman authorize use of the atomic bomb in 1945?

an allied invasion of Japan would cost hundreds of thousands of Americans lives, since the Japanese had vowed to defend the main islands to the last man, woman, or child

Why did the development of more effective nuclear weapons ultimately decrease the risk of a direct confrontation between the United States and the USSR?

any conflict that involved nuclear weapons had the potential to destroy the world

Whyprestige did Egypt emerge as a potent symbol of pan-Arab nationalism in 1956?

because Egypt was the site of the oldest civilization in the region, it had great prestige

In which of the following ways was the Prague Sprong in 1968 similar to the Hungarian uprising in 1956?

both attempts to decrease communist authoritarianism in eastern Europe were crushed by the Soviet military

Which of the following is a similarity between the decolonization experiences of Ageria and South Africa?

both countries had large numbers of European settlers, which prevented a huge transfer of power

Which of the following accurately compares the German and Japanese during the 1930s and 1940s?

both developed theories of racial superiority

How did Amnesty International respond to countries such as Argentina and Chile killing and torturing civilians?

by cataloguing and publicizing human right violations

In the last decades of the twentienth century, which of the following had the largest impact on family life?

countries with more traditional cultures adopted the nuclear family

Why did the end of the Cold War lead to outbreaks of violence in the Balkans?

demagogues led people to see themselves as citizens of ethnically defined nations rather than pluralistic communities

Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) reach a new level of influence in the latter part of the twentienth century for which of the following reasons?

during the 1970s, developing nations began to push back against the demands of the World Bank and the IMF

Which of the following was an outcome of the end of colonial rule in sub-Saharan Africa?

ethnic and religious rivalries that colonial rule had previously kept in check came to the surface

Which of the following explains development economists' beliefs that modern famines in Africa are not natural disasters, but are man-made?

famines usually result from government policies that ignore rural areas and inhibit the production or distribution of food

Which of the following is a reason why historians have described World War II as a total global conflict?

fighting in World War II took place on three continents and included soldiers from all contents except Antartica

Which of the following techniques did Hitler use to create his racially based new world order?

he set up puppet governments that complied with deportation orders of Jews

Which of the following was one of the causes of the protests at Tiananmen Square in 1989?

increasing public awareness of government corruption

Which of the following led to the end of white minority rule in Rhodesia in 1979?

independent African states supported a successful guerilla movement under Robert Mugabe

How did the international division of labor in the production of goods change between the period immediately following World War II and the end of the twentienth century?

industrial production increasingly moved to new centers of manufacturing, especially in East Asia

Which of the following religiously based groups had a long tradition of offering alternatives to Western forms of government and political philosophy?

islamic conservation

Under what circumstances did the Cold War become a "hot" war?

it became a hot war when the United States and the Soviet Union armed their Third World allies and encouraged proxy wars

Which of the following reflects the Chinese communist party's approach toward women?

it freed women from oppressive laws and customs as part of its government

Which of the following was a consequence of Rachel Carson's book, the Silent Spring?

it led to the environmental movement which questioned many of the ideas about economic progress and material prosperity upon which the "American Dream" has rested

What was the Marshall Plan's goal?

its goal was to limit the appeal of communism in Europe by providing grants for reconstruction to democratic governments

In what ways did the Internet revolution reinforce the disparity between haves and have-nots in the 1990s?

large numbers of the world's people, especially in poor or rural areas did not have access to the Internet

Which of the following led to the survival of local cultures at the end of the twentienth century?

local cultures lived on and in some cases were revived, through challenges to the authority of nation states

In comparison with life in First World countries, which of the following best describes life for ordinary people in Second World countries?

lower standards of living, but higher levels of economic security

Why did communism appeal to many Europeans after World War II?

many Eastern Europeans, reacting to the horrors of fascism, looked to the Soviets for solutions to rebuild society

Which of the following was a reason why the populations of poorer regions of the world suffered more often from preventable diseases such as cholera than the populations of wealthier regions?

people living in urban slums in underdeveloped countries often lacked proper sewage treatment and safe water supplies

Which of the following was a common pattern in global migration during the latter part of the twentienth century?

people moved from wealthier parts of the world to take advantage of investment opportunities in poorer parts of the world

In which of the following ways did the United States attempt to counter growing radicalism in Latin America?

president Kennedy sent advisors to dole out aid, explain how to reform local land systems, and to demonstrate the benefits of liberal capitalism

Mikhail Gorbachev's perestroika reform program included which of the following?

privatization of state-run business

Which of the following is a reason why homesteaders' attempts to farm and ranch in the Amazon rainforest ultimately were unsuccessful?

rainforest soils were poor and easily eroded, and land titles were not secure

Which of the following was one of the principal causes of World War II?

resentment lingered over the punitive treaties imposed after World War I

Which of the following was an effect of U.S. President Richard Nixon's decision to take the dollar off the gold standard?

second world nations found it harder to get loans from First World banks

Which of the following sports most clearly exemplifies the globalizing impact of television in the last part of the twentienth century?

soccer

In the late-twentienth-century United States, which of the following was often attacked by reliious conservatives?

social changes stemming from the liberation movements of the 1960s and 1970s

Which of the following is a reason that communism lost its appeal in post-World War II western Europe?

strong economic growth led to increased standards of living and expanded access to services like education and health care

Which of the following first tested President Truman's containment policy?

the Berlin blockade

Which Cold War event brought the world closest to nuclear war?

the Cuban Missle Crisis

Which regional trade group expanded its scope to include the creation of a new international currency?

the European Union

Which of the following is a reason why the Algerian War of Independence shocked French citizens and the colons?

the French government had declared that Algeria was not a colony, but an integral part of France

Why did Stalin believe that the Soviet Union deserved to dominate eastern Europe?

the Soviet Union had sacrificed so many people in the war against fascism

During the 1970s and 1980s, which of the following most significantly weakened the Soviet bloc?

the Soviet bloc's Western rivals outpaced the bloc economically

Which of the following was a main reason that the United States became involved in the conflict between North and South Vietnam?

the United States supported South Vietnam because it feared the spread of communism throughout Southeast Asia

As the feminist movement became a global movement, women worldwide called for which of the following changes to their status?

the abolition of gender differences

Which of the following factors led to the failure of Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward in 1958?

the communes failed to provide enough food to avoid famine and the manufactured goods were inferior

During the 1970s and 1980s, which of the following caused internal trouble for both the Soviet Union and the United States?

the cost of arms buildup

Which of the following contributed to the globalization of the late-twentienth-century world?

the emergence of a unified world market

Which of the following is an accurate comparison between the Solidarity movement in Poland in the 1980s and the Prague Spring in 1968?

the goal of Solidarity was to overcome socialism, while the Prague Spring sought to reform it

Following World War II, which of the following emerged as the prevailing global political organization?

the nation state

During the 1980s, which of the following was an effect of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?

the soviet army developed new weapons, which were later used to crush the Polish Solidarity movement

Which of the following factors encouraged the British to transfer power quickly to the Indian National Congress following World War II?

the threat of radicalized peasant uprisings prompted the British to expedite the transfer of power to the middle-class leaders of the Indian National Congress

Which of the following undermined the authority of national governments after the 1970s?

the women's movement sought international reforms, by passing nation states

Which of the following led European Jews to migrate Palestine during the first half of the twentienth century?

they believed that returning to their place of origin would lead to self-determination

Why did African leaders think that Africa would move swiftly to a special African form of socialism following decolonization?

they believed that the common African traditions that informed negritude would enable them to embrace social justice and equality

Multinational corporations had which of the following impacts on Third World countries?

they expanded countries' agricultural and manufacturing sectors, but impeded the growth of local firms

During the Cold War, what did the United States and the Soviet Union expect from Third World countries?

they expected them to join or the other of the two opposing Cold War camps

Why were the World Bank and International Monetary Fund accused of engaging in neo-imperialism at the end of the twentieth century?

they forced changes in policy on recipients of aid in exchange for their assistance

Which of the following issues led to the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union?

they had diametrically opposed political and economic idealogies

How did Pacific Rim nations such as South Korea and Taiwan escape the typical Third World cycle of poverty and dependence?

they used regulation to promote new industries and required multinationals to cooperate with local firms

Which of the following was a primary goal of the truth commission process used during transitions from oppressive governments to democratic ones?

to increase the legitimacy of the new democratic government

Which of the following groups of Africans led anticolonial movements immediately following World War II?

urban unemployed, former servicemen, Western educated indigenous elites

In post-World War II western Europe, the "woman question" concerned what new problem?

women were making gains in the workplace, but without a proportional decrease in domestic responsibility

How did discrimination against women hurt developing countries' efforts to combat poverty at the end of the 20th century?

women's lack of access to education and high rates of illietracy limited their abilities to become effective economic actors