History Mid-Term

Edgar Allan Poe's most famous poem, which established him as a major literary figure, was

"The Raven".

The _____ sought to use the expansion of American democracy into other parts of the world as a way to distract from sectional tensions.

"Young America" movement

At what point in the Proviso does the language appear to assume that the current conflict will have at least a partially diplomatic ending?

"by virtue of any treaty..."

Fort Sumter

(338,9) James Buchanan refused to yield when SC demanded it. 1861, he sent an unarmed merchant ship with addition tropps and supplies, but Confederate guns turned it back. Confederacy established (neither was ready for war)

Crittenden Compromise

(339) Proposed reestablishing Missouri Compromise line and extending westward to Pacific (slavery prohibited north and permitted south). However, the compromise required Republicans to abandon that slavery not be allowed to expand, so it was rejected (nothing resolved)

Homestead Act

(340) 1862 Permitted any citizen or prospective citizen to purchase 160 acres of public land for a small fee after living on it for five years.

Morrill Land Grant Act

(340) Transferred public acreage to state govts which could sell land and use proceeds to finance public education. Led to new state colleges and universities.

Draft riots

(342) 1863 Congress passed a draft law... opposition was widespread among laborers, immigrants, and Democrats. Erupted into violence (rioted for four days in NYC 1863--left over 100 dead).

Greenback dollar

(342) Printing paper currency not backed by gold or silver but the good faith and credit of govt. Value fluctuated. Largest source of financing for the war was loans.

Copperheads

(343) Peace Democrats (Lincoln's greatest political problem). Lincoln ordered military arrests of civilian dissenters and suspended right of speedy trail. 1862 said all persons who discouraged enlistments were subject to martial law.

The Emancipation Proclamation

(344) 1863 Lincoln declared forever free the slaves inside the Confederacy. Did not apply to Union slave states (nor those under Union control) but clearly established the war was being fought not to preserve the Union but to eliminate slavery.

Thirteenth Amendment

(344) Areas not affected by EP=antislavery strengthened. 1865 Congress abolished slavery in all parts of the US.

The Sanitary Commission

(345) Presented nursing as a profession that made use of the same maternal, nurturing roles women played as wives and mothers. Saw the war as an opportunity to win support.

Confederate States of America

(346) Confederate constitution was almost identical to US Constitution with exceptions... acknowledging sovereignty of individual states (not secession) and sanctioned slavery (abolition impossible).

Jefferson Davis

(346) President from Mississippi elected by public without opposition for six-year terms. Confederate govt dominated throughout war by men of political center. Displayed punctiliousness about legal and constitutional requirements

Conscription

(348) Confederacy subjected all white males between 18-35 to military service for three years. Provision aroused opposition from poorer whites so repealed in 1863. However, it was successful at first

U.S. Grant

(350) 1864 Lincoln's general. He was trusted to command the war effort because he shared Lincoln's belief in unremitting combat and in making enemy armies/resources the target (not territory).

William Seward

(353) Outstanding American secretary of state. Had assistance from American minister to London... gap of diplomatic sills of the Union and Confederacy proved to be a decisive factor in the war.

The Trent affair

(354) Diplomatic crisis in late 1861. Two Confederate diplomats slipped through Union blackade to Cuba and went on English steamer (Trent) for England. American frigate stopped British vessel, arrested diplomats and went to Boston, but British demanded the release... didn't want war, so they complied.

First Battle of Bull Run

(356) July 21 almost succeeded in dispersing the Confederate forces but Southerners counterattacks and panicked Union troops. Severe blow to Union morale and the president's confidence in officers.

Robert E. Lee

(358) Replaced Confederate troop leader.... Recalled Stonewall Jackson from Shenandoah valley. Launched a new offensive (Battle of Seven Days) to cut McClellan off base, but McClellan fought across to set a new base.

Vicksburg

(361) 1863 U.S. Grant attacked Vicksburg from the rear. Vicksburg surrendered... Confederacy now split in two... Victories on Mississippi were one of the great turning points of the war. ??

Antietem

(361) Technically, a Union victory, but McClellan squandered an opportunity to destroy Confederate army. In November, Lincoln removed him.

Gettysburg

(363) Lee withdrew from Gettysburg... major turning point in the war. Now Confederate forces were not able to seriously threaten Northern territory.

William T. Sherman, "March to the Sea"

(365) William Sherman left Atlanta with army for sixty-mile-wide swath of desolation across Georgia. Wanted to deprive Confederate army of war materials and railroad communications but also break the will of Southerners by burning towns and plantations. Continued through SC and a small force didn't do anything....

Appomattox Courthouse

(367) April 9 surrendered what was left of forces. Long war was now effectively over (Jefferson Davis captured and Southern resistance collapsed)

Which of the following statements about female indentured servants in the colonies are correct?

-A female indentured servant could reasonably expect to marry when her term ended. -Female indentured servants typically worked as domestic servants. -About one-fourth of the indentured servants in the Chesapeake were women.

What happened in the years after the 1818 "joint occupation" of Oregon began?

-A measles epidemic struck the Indian tribes in the area. -Many white settlers arrived from the United States and soon outnumbered British settlers.

Which of the following provisions were included in the Judiciary Act of 1789?

-A system of lower district courts and courts of appeal would be established. -The Supreme Court would have six members.

Which of the following convinced France to recognize the United States as a sovereign nation?

-Benjamin Franklin's diplomatic mission to France. -news of the American victory at Saratoga.

Between 1650 and 1775, the sex ration of the white settlers in North America gradually improved because of which of the following?

-Birth rates rose. -More women chose to immigrate.

Why was the Proclamation of 1763 ineffective?

-British authorities failed to enforce it. -White settlers refused to honor it.

Which of the following are true of the conflict that occurred between Charles Sumner and Preston Brooks?

-Brooks attacked Sumner in the Senate chamber. -Sumner became a hero throughout the North for calling attention to the "barbarism" of the South. -Brooks was a member of the House of Representatives from South Carolina.

Which of the following explain why Aaron Burr, vice president in Jefferson's Republican administration, became aligned with the Federalists in New York?

-Burr was the greatest political rival of Alexander Hamilton, the leading Federalist in New York who refused to support the Federalists' scheme. -The Federalists proposed that Burr, himself a New York politician, become their candidate for the state's governor in 1804.

Which of the following were problems that the Northwest Ordinance addressed?

-Congress favored land companies over ordinary settlers. -Property prices were too high for most ordinary settlers.

Which of the following were tenets of the Articles of Confederation?

-Congress is the only institution of national authority. -A unanimous vote is required to amend the Articles.

During the Revolution, antislavery sentiments grew and several states outlawed the slave trade. Which states did so?

-Connecticut. -Pennsylvania.

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) raised which constitutional issues?

-Could Congress charter a bank? -Could individual states ban or tax a congressionally chartered bank?

Which of the following are accurate statements about the foreign slave trade?

-Despite a federal law prohibiting the importation of slaves, smuggling continued as late as the 1850s. -At a southern convention in 1858, delegates voted to repeal all laws against slave imports.

Which of the following women were among the leaders of the nineteenth-century feminist movement?

-Elizabeth Cady Stanton. -Susan B. Anthony. -Dorothea Dix.

How did farmers in the Northeast respond to agricultural competition from the new, richer soil of the Northwest?

-Farmers moved to towns and became laborers. -Farmers moved west and settled new land. -Farmers changed their focus to supplying food to nearby cities.

Which of the following statements describe physicians and childbirth in the early nineteenth century?

-Female midwives had generally handled childbirth, but physicians increasingly began to take over that job. -Doctors used their newfound commitment to "science" to justify expanding their roles into various areas, including childbirth.

Close ties between Indians and the British and Spanish forces in which areas helped bring about the War of 1812?

-Florida. -the Canadian border region.

Which of the following statements about private and public education in the Jeffersonian era are correct?

-For the most part, schooling was only for students whose parents could afford the cost of a private education. -Private academies in New England were often more secular than those of the South. -In the South and the mid-Atlantic states, religious groups ran most schools.

What happened in Kansas in the mid-1850s that further polarized the North and South?

-Free-state leaders were arrested by the federal marshal, who was pro-slavery. -Two governments were created, one for slavery and the other against. -Abolitionists killed five pro-slavery settlers in the Pottawatomie Massacre.

Which of the following circumstances strained American relations with France in the 1790's?

-French vessels captured American ships on the high seas. -The French government refused to receive America's new minister to France when he arrived. -French agents attempted to bribe American commissioners in 1797.

Which of the following circumstances affected the selection of John Adams as the Federalist presidential candidate?

-George Washington refused to run for a third presidential term. -John Adams was the least controversial of the available candidates.

What was unique about William Lloyd Garrison's philosophy of abolition?

-He believed abolitionists should view slavery from the point of view of slaves. -He believed that the antidote to slavery was full American citizenship for all slaves.

Which of the following statements about William Marbury are correct?

-He had been named a justice of the peace in the District of Columbia in the "midnight appointments" of 1801. -His commission had not been delivered to him before Adams left office, and James Madison refused to give it to him.

Which of the following statements about Handsome Lake are correct?

-He was a Seneca prophet who called for a revival of traditional Indian ways. -His miraculous "rebirth" from alcoholism helped give him special stature, and he encouraged Indians to give up whiskey and other vices.

How did George III contribute to conflict between England and the colonies?

-He was determined to reassert the authority of the monarchy. -He suffered from bouts of insanity. -He appointed unstable coalitions of ministers.

Which of the following are accurate statements about the reasons behind Napoleon's sudden decision to offer the entire Louisiana Territory to the United States?

-He was no longer in a position to pursue his dream of a North American empire. -The renewal of hostilities in Europe meant that his resources would be focused there.

Which of the following statements regarding the outcome of the 1824 presidential election are correct?

-Health problems forced Crawford out of the running, leaving Clay (who had finished fourth) in a position to influence the choice of a winner. -Jackson received more popular and electoral votes than any other candidate, but he did not have a majority. -The House was now operating under the Twelfth Amendment, passed in the aftermath of the contested 1800 election.

Which of the following statements about the conflict with the Barbary states of North Africa's Mediterranean coast are correct?

-In the 1780s and 1790s the United States agreed to pay annual tribute to the Barbary states. -The European powers whose ships sailed the Mediterranean had long been paying tribute to the Barbary states.

Which states joined the Union in rapid succession between 1816 and 1819?

-Indiana. -Alabama. -Illinois. -Mississippi.

Which states were inspired by the Erie Canal to develop water connections between Lake Erie to the Ohio River?

-Indiana. -Ohio.

Which of these groups received few of the benefits of America's phenomenal economic growth?

-Indians. -landless farmers. -slaves.

Which of the following statements about the Sugar Act of 1764 are correct?

-It established new courts to try accused smugglers. -It strengthened the duty on sugar while lowering it on molasses.

How did the slave labor system affect white southern women?

-It helped spare them from hard labor. -It threatened their relationships with their husbands, who often had sexual relationships with female slaves.

What social effects did slavery have on southerners?

-It isolated blacks from whites. -It created a unique bond of mutual reliance between masters and slaves. -Southern blacks developed a culture different from that of southern whites.

Which of the following did Jay's Treaty of 1794 accomplish?

-It settled the conflict with Britain in the French West Indies, thus avoiding a likely war. -It provided for American sovereignty over the Northwest.

Which of the following statements about the Second Great Awakening are correct?

-It taught that people needed to bring Christ and God back into their daily lives. -Though not entirely consistent, its basic message was clear. -Fervent devotion to God and rejection of skeptical rationalism were among its teachings. -It combined active piety with a belief in grace through faith and good works. -By rejecting predestination, the emerging belief system gave a greater intensity to the individual's search for salvation. -The revivalism of the Awakening contributed to occasional racial unrest in the South.

Which of the following is correct regarding "Manifest Destiny"?

-It was an idealistic vision of the United States expanding its borders to become a giant empire. -It spread because of the "penny press" publicity. -It caused some to be concerned about the issue of slavery in the newly expanded territories.

Which of the following accurately describe President Jackson's views on the Maysville Road Bill?

-It was unconstitutional because the road was located entirely in Kentucky. -It was unwise because it committed the federal government to large expenditures.

In general, which of the following groups interacted comfortably and peaceably with Native Americans?

-Jesuit missionaries. -French fur traders.

Who among the following finished among the top three in the 1824 presidential election?

-John Quincy Adams. -Andrew Jackson. -William H. Crawford.

Who among the following were notable advocates of women's rights during the Revolution and its aftermath?

-Judith Sargent Murray. -Abigail Adams.

Which of the following occurred between the final days of Jefferson's presidency in 1809 and the outbreak of war with the British three years later?

-Just before leaving office, Jefferson signed a bill ending the "peaceable coercion" of the Embargo. -The British government repealed its blockade of Europe. -Legislation that replaced the Embargo permitted the reopening of trade with all nations but Britian and France.

Which of the following statements regarding Jefferson's military and defense policies are correct?

-Large standing armies, he believed, were a threat to civil liberties and civilian government. -He reduced the army from 4,000 men to 2,500 and the navy from 25 ships to 7.

Why did many of the early feminists also identify as Quakers?

-Many Quaker preachers and community leaders were women. -Many Quakers believed in sexual equality.

Which of these correctly describe the difficulties in recruiting factory workers in the early days of industrial development?

-Many city dwellers were skilled artisans who worked in their own shops. -Most Americans still lived and worked on farms.

In what ways did white southern society differ from the myths of a planter "aristocracy"?

-Many planters were competitive businessmen. -Only a small minority of southern whites owned slaves. -Many of the great southern landowners were still first-generation settlers.

How did the election of Abraham Lincoln to the presidency in 1860 affect southerners?

-Many took it as a sign that their differences with the North were not reconcilable. -Several southern states decided to secede from the Union.

Which of the following were problems for doctors in the early 1800s?

-Many traditional physicians mistrusted innovation and experimentation. -They were not highly regarded in their communities. -Many of their peers were quacks or poorly educated.

To protect against the tyranny of the people, the framers of the Constitution decided which of the following?

-Members of the executive and judicial branches would be insulated from the public to a degree. -Only members of the House of Representatives would be directly elected by the people.

Which of the following were typical for white settlers in the Old Northwest?

-Men, women, and children all worked together in the fields. -Families moved frequently. -Settlers built communities with schools, churches, and stores.

How did the rise of industry affect the nature of the family?

-More families moved from farms to the cities. -In cities, the family was no longer the principal economic unit.

Which of the following accurately describe the journey west as experienced by most overland migrants?

-Most travelers walked for the majority of the arduous journey. -Very few expeditions experienced Indian attacks.

In the elections of 1854, the Know-Nothings achieved their greatest success in which three states?

-New York. -Pennsylvania. -Massachusetts.

Which colonial American ports had populations larger than most English urban centers?

-New York. -Philadelphia.

Which of the following is correct of the parties' presidential nominations of 1852?

-Only the Free-Soil Party nominated a clearly antislavery presidential candidate. -Neither party chose a candidate that was known for championing sectional passions.

Which of the following were reasons white Americans began expansion into the West in the early 1800s?

-Population growth in the East drove out many white Americans. -Land in the West was plentiful and an attraction for Americans.

Which of the following religious groups grew stronger as a result of their support of the Patriot cause?

-Presbyterians. -American Catholics. -Baptists.

What were the effects of most income earners leaving home each day to work in a shop, mill, or factory?

-Primarily domestic concerns were predominant in the home. _A sharp distinction emerged between the workplace and the home.

Which of the following statements regarding educational opportunities for women in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries are correct?

-Private academies for girls usually served the daughters of wealthy families. -A new value placed on the contributions of the "Republican mother" helped improve educational opportunities for women. -In 1789, Massachusetts required that its public schools serve females as well as males, and some other states soon adopted similar laws.

Because most _____ were _____, the Revolution weakened their religious presence in America.

-Quakers; pacifists. -Anglicans; Loyalists.

Which of the following best describe how slaves' practice of religion differed from that of whites?

-Slaves' prayer meeting often included vocal exclamations and fervent chanting. -Slave religion often blended elements of African religious traditions and Christianity.

Which of the following are true about free blacks in the South before the Civil War?

-Some owned slaves. -Free black communities flourished in New Orleans and Charleston. -Most lived in poverty.

Which of the following was true of Royal officials appointed to serve in America as governors, customs collectors, or naval officers?

-Some remained in England and hired substitutes to take their place. -They tended to get their jobs through bribery or favoritism.

Which of the following are accurate statements regarding the domestic slave trade?

-Some slaves moved from one part of the South to another with their owners. -Most slaves were moved by professional slave traders.

What factors contributed to limiting overt class conflict?

-Some workers were able to move from poverty to riches. -Life was better for most factory workers than it had been on the farms or in Europe. -The rootlessness of migrant urban laborers made organization and protest difficult.

Which of the following ideas did free-soil northerners believe about the South?

-Southerners wanted to replaced northern open societies with aristocratic ones. -The South was a closed, static society in which slavery preserved an entrenched aristocracy. -The South had stagnated because it rejected values of progress and individualism.

Which of the following were among the reasons some Americans opposed the Mexican War?

-The American public became aware of the casualties and expense of the war. -Critics charged that Polk deliberately provoked the skirmish that started the war.

What are some of the reasons for the failure of the British strategy to focus on the South during the third phase of the Revolutionary War?

-The British believed they could win significant support from the slave population. -The British overestimated the extent of Loyalist sentiment. -The British could not identify their enemies, since they blended in with the civilians.

Which of the following are accurate statements regarding the British navy and the controversy over impressment?

-The British claimed the right to take men born on British soil who had become naturalized American citizens. -Britain claimed the right to stop American merchant ships and reimpress deserters.

Why did most Americans begin to believe they were fighting for independence rather than reconciliation with the British after the war began?

-The British rejected efforts at reconciliation. -The costs of the war were so high that reconciliation seemed to be too modest a goal. -The British tried to recruit African slaves and Indians, which angered the colonists.

Which of the following were part of the Supreme Court rulings in the Dred Scott case?

-The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. -Slaves were property and Congress could not seize property without "due process of law." -Scott could not legally bring a suit because he was not a citizen.

How did southerners view the northern way of life?

-The North was filled with a spirit of greed, debauchery, and destructiveness. -The northern factory system was inhumane.

What were some of the issues and accusations surrounding the 1800 presidential campaign?

-The Republicans accused the Federalists of plotting to impose slavery on the people. -The Republicans likened Adams to a tyrant. -The Federalists accused Jefferson of being a dangerous radical.

Which of the following statements about the Revolution and its impact on women's rights are correct?

-The Revolution subtly encouraged people to rethink the status of women within the family and society. -Rather than challenging traditional male dominance, the Revolution confirmed and strengthened it.

Which of the following were beliefs held by a large portion of the Democratic Party in the 1830s?

-The Union should be defended. -The role of the government should be limited. -The government should help remove obstacles to opportunity.

Which of the following statements about the XYZ Affair and its aftermath are correct?

-The conflict spurred Congress to establish the Department of the Navy in 1798. -Conflict with France brought about increased cooperation between the U.S. and the British.

Which of the following statements about the ideas and impact of the Second Great Awakening are correct?

-The revivalism of the Awakening contributed to occasional racial unrest in the South. -By rejecting predestination, the emerging belief system gave a greater intensity to the individual's search for salvation. -It combined active piety with a belief in grace through faith and good works.

Which of the following are true regarding the Amistad?

-The slaves of the Amistad had no experience with sailing and tried to compel the crew to steer them to their destination. -John Quincy Adams argued before the Supreme Court that the slaves of the Amistad should be freed.

Which of the following were defenses of slavery put forth by The Pro-Slavery Argument?

-The southern slave-based economy was the economic driver of the nation. -Slavery was the only way in which the two races could live together in peace. -Slaveholders gave blacks better working conditions than did northern factories.

How did the unbalanced sex ratio affect women's lives?

-Their lives were consumed by childbearing. -They rarely remained unmarried.

How did the Forty-niners change California?

-They expanded California's urban and rural populations. -They increased the racial and ethnic diversity of California's population.

Lewis and Clark had many things in common, including which of the following?

-They had extensive experience in the outdoors. -They were skilled in the ways of survival. -They were veteran Indian fighters.

Which of the following were major problems with the Articles of Confederation?

-They limited the power of Congress. -They did not create an executive branch. -They required a unanimous vote for amendment.

Which of the following were the case with the poorest white southerners, referred to by some as "poor white trash"?

-They often suffered from dietary deficiencies and diseases such as pellagra, hookworm, and malaria. -Wealthier whites sometimes called them "clay eaters."

Which of the following best describe the soft-money opponents to the Bank of the United States?

-They thought the Bank restrained state banks from freely issuing notes. -They were mostly state bankers and their allies.

Which of the following accurately describe transcendentalists' mode of communal living?

-They used manual labor to transition from a world of intellect to the natural world. -They equally shared in the labor so each could have leisure time to cultivate the self.

How did Americans respond to the cholera epidemics of the 1830s and 1840s?

-Threats to public health led to increased interest in new health theories. -Community health boards were created to address the spread of disease.

The lives of slaves in the city differed from the lives of their plantation counterparts in which of the following ways?

-Urban slaves had more contact with free blacks and lower-class whites. -Urban slaves had more freedom to move about during the day.

Which of the following contributed to how the South remained so different from the North?

-While the agricultural economy of the Northeast had declined, that of the South was booming. -White southerners argued that grace and refinement were more important than rapid growth and development.

Which of the following effects did the cult of honor have on the lives of southern white women?

-White southern men felt obligated to protect white women. -Men expected women to be subordinate in exchange for defending women's honor.

Which of the following accurately describe Indian and white relations before the mid-nineteenth century?

-Whites were at least somewhat aware of Indians' claims to the land. -Interactions were sometimes, but not usually, unfriendly. -The two groups lived in close proximity to one another.

Americans contributed which of the following advances to medical science in the 1800s?

-William Morton's use of either as an anesthetic. -Oliver Wendell Holmes's discovery that disease could be transmitted from person to person.

The British decided to ultimately repeal the Stamp Act because of:term-50

-a colonial boycott. -economic pressure.

In which of the following areas did the Federalists enjoy their strongest support?

-a few southern seaports such as Charleston. -large commercial centers. -the Northeast.

Which of the following was a term of the Treaty of Greenville?

-a formal acknowledgment of Indians' claim to territories they retained. -affirmation that only the tribes concerned could cede their lands to whites. -the transfer of substantial Indian lands to the American government.

Which of the following had a significant impact on U.S. population growth between 1790 and 1840?

-a high birth rate. -improvements in public health. -a declining number of epidemics.

Because the indentured labor system in the Chesapeake often failed to live up to its promises,

-a large, rootless population of young single men became a source of social unrest. -many former servants found themselves without land, jobs, or prospects.

The Locofocos were

-a radical faction of the Democratic Party in the 1830s. -in favor of vigorous, perhaps even violent, action. -mainly workingmen, small businessmen, and professionals in the Northeast.

Most slaves received which of the following?

-a simple but adequate diet. -cheap clothing and shoes.

Under the system of state banking that prevailed after the charter of the first Bank of the United States had expired,

-a wide variety of banknotes, their value dependent on the reputation of the bank that issued them, were in circulation. -counterfeiting of banknotes was easy. -banks issued banknotes, which people used more or less as money.

The Northwest Ordinance included provisions that

-abolished the 10 districts established in the Ordinance of 1784. -guaranteed freedom of religion and right to trial by jury in the new territory. -prohibited slavery throughout the new territory.

Which of the following advantages did house slaves often have over field slaves?

-access to leftovers from the master's table. -less physical-backbreaking labor.

The American colonies did not experience the explosive industrial growth that Great Britain did in the eighteenth century. Which of the following were among the major contributors to growth that the colonies lacked?

-adequate labor supply. -a large domestic market. -reliable energy supplies.

In the spring of 1842, Secretary of State Daniel Webster and Lord Ashburton

-agreed that the United States would receive slightly more than half of the disputed border territory. -reached some resolution on the Caroline and Creole Incidents. -established a revised northern boundary as far west as the Rocky Mountains.

Which of the following were among the items that were to be taxed according to the Stamp Act?

-almanacs. -newspapers.

Which of the following accurately characterize relations between most mountain men and the Indians?

-as many as two-thirds married Mexican or Native American women. -peaceful and successful.

In response to deteriorating relations with the French revolutionary government, President John Adams urged Congress to

-authorize capture of French warships. -cut off all trade with France.

To facilitate the new consumer appetites, merchants and traders

-began advertising their goods in newspapers. -sent agents out into the countryside to visit wealthy landowners.

In what ways did Congress try to raise money to finance the war?

-by borrowing money from other nations. -by requisitioning money from state governments. -by issuing paper money in the form of "Continental currency".

How did the upper classes in the colonies distinguish themselves from the lower classes in the eighteenth century?

-by commissioning portraits for display. -by accumulating possessions and fancy clothing. -by attempting to emulate London society.

Which of these forms of transportation were either nonexistent or inadequately developed in the South prior to the Civil War?

-canals. -railroads. -finished roads.

Which of the following did Americans use as evidence that the British failed to abide by the terms of the 1783 peace treaty?

-continued British military presence in the Great Lakes. -refusal to make restitution to the owners of confiscated slaves.

Slave women generally were responsible for which of the following tasks?

-cooking meals. -child rearing. -providing medical attention.

The system of slavery became firmly established in the early eighteenth century because Africans

-created new laborers through natural increase. -were not under a fixed term of servitude. -had no contractual protections.

Which of the following were fundamental changes introduced in the Massachusetts constitution that influenced other state constitutions?

-creation of a constitutional convention. -strengthening the executive branch.

What new agricultural techniques and technologies improved farm production in the Northwest?

-cultivation of hardier varieties of seed. -automatic thresher. -automatic reaper.

Middle-class homes in the mid-nineteenth century included which of these characteristics?

-dark colors. -heavy furniture. -lush fabrics.

Which of the following were challenges to national sovereignty faced by the Federalists during Washington's second administration?

-dealing effectively with the Indians. -securing the northwestern frontier. -maintaining neutrality in Britain's war with France.

Due to dependence on large-scale cash crops such as rice and tobacco, the southern economy _____ than the northern economy.

-developed less of a commercial base. -was less robust and diversified.

Which of the following were features of the Virginia Plan?

-election of the upper house by the lower house. -a national legislature with two houses.

Which of the following accurately describe Alexander Hamilton's vision of government?

-elitist. -permanent debt.

The First Continental Congress did which of the following?term-29

-endorsed a list of grievances. -agreed to boycotts of British goods. -recommended preparations be made for defense against British attack.

Which of the following were aspects of the New Jersey Plan?

-equal representation for all states. -a one-house national legislature.

Which of the following characterize the first 12 years of the republic, from 1789 to 1801?

-extraordinary disagreement that plagued the new government. -intense rivalry between two powerful factions.

Which of the following best explains why New England experienced a high rate of natural population increase in the 1600s?

-extremely high birth rates. -exceptional longevity.

Under the partial-inheritance system in New England,

-fathers divided lands equally among sons. -sons were more dependent on their father's good favor.

Why did English politicians exert little control over the North American colonies prior to 1763?

-for fear it would disrupt commerce. -the ineptitude of provincial governors.

Which of these describe how the decisions of President Polk intensified the sectional conflict?

-going to war with Mexico, after which the resulting annexation was seen as an effort to expand slavery. -proposing the extension of the Missouri Compromise line through new territories to the west. -requesting $2 million from Congress for the purchase of peace with Mexico.

Which of the following accurately characterize what Chief Justice John Marshall achieved with his Marbury v. Madison ruling?

-helped define the Supreme Court's role in government. -greatly expanded the Supreme Court's importance.

What were the factors contributing to a slower increase in the African American population than the increase seen in the white population in the early 1800s?

-higher death rate. -enforced poverty.

Which of the following were among the activities slaves were forbidden from doing under the slave codes of southern states?

-hold property. -strike a white person, even in self-defense. -carry firearms.

Which of the following describe items that Alexander Hamilton proposed to tax?

-imports. -alcohol.

Which of the following did Grenville's administration do?

-impose the Mutiny, Sugar, and Currency Acts. -send British ships to patrol colonial waters in search of smugglers. -permanently station British troops in the colonies.

Which inflammatory measures did Charles Townshend steer through Parliament in 1767?

-imposing new taxes on imports. -disbanding the New York Assembly.

Which of the following contributed to the slow development of industry in the South?

-inadequate transportation. -booming agricultural expansion.

As they struggled through the postwar financial crisis of the mid-1780's, farmers demanded that state governments:

-issue paper currency. -increase the money supply.

The election of Andrew Jackson as president in 1828 was historically significant because it

-legitimized the idea of political parties as popular, democratic institutions. -was the result of a popular movement, not simply the work of political elites.

Which of the following were the most common hazards for slaves who tried to escape their masters by running away?

-long distance to safety. -"slave patrols" looking for escaped blacks. -ignorance about geography.

Before 1763, colonial assemblies had the power to do which of the following?

-make appropriations. -pass laws. -approve political appointments. -levy taxes.

Henry Clay and Daniel Webster persuaded Nicholas Biddle to apply to Congress for renewal of the Bank of the United States' charter because it would

-make the Bank a major issue in the national election. -force a congressional vote.

Which of the following acts by colonists during the French and Indian War incited resentment among the British?

-making few financial contributions to the war. -selling goods to the French in the West Indies.

Which of the following were NOT reforms implemented by Horace Mann?

-making school attendance mandatory for individuals under 16. -lengthening the academic year to nine months.

Which groups of Americans supported Hamilton's program after it was enacted?

-manufacturers. -creditors. -wealthy elites.

Settlers in America adopted an attitude of religious toleration because

-many religious traditions existed in close proximity to one another. -conditions virtually required it.

Which of the following might a slave learn in order to be hired out to other planters?

-midwifery. -sewing. -blacksmithing. -carpentry.

Which of the following are accurate characterizations of Jefferson's tone and behavior in the wake of his "revolution" that removed the Federalists from power?

-minimizing differences. -restrained and conciliatory.

Grenville's program succeeded in antagonizing:

-northern merchants with increased taxes and restraints on commerce. -southern planters by raising taxes and preventing land speculation. -settlers who resented the closing of the West to land speculation and fur trading.

Which of the following emerged as the core concerns of the Webster-Hayne debate?

-nullification. -preservation of the Union. -states' rights.

After completing their terms of service, male indentured servants

-often did not receive what they had been promised. -found themselves unprepared and ill-equipped for independence.

Which of the following accurately describe American horse racing in its early period, from colonial times to the Civil War?

-often reflected North-South sectional rivalries. -exclusively for wealthy "gentlemen". -many jockeys were black.

The American Revolution weakened the position of Native Americans because white Americans:

-often resented Indian assistance to the British in the war. -had even greater demand for western Indian land.

Among the Americans who supported the British in the War for Independence were:

-people who held positions in the imperial government. -merchants who traded closely with the imperial system. -settled, cautious people who feared social instability.

Which of the following accurately characterize the image and tone of the Jefferson administration?

-plain and ordinary in appearance. -informal.

Which of the following were major ideas of the Enlightenment that influenced revolutionary and independence movements around the world?

-popular sovereignty. -political power comes from the consent of the governed.

Which of the following difficulties were unique to female slaves?

-raising mulatto children whose white fathers refused to acknowledge them. -unwanted sexual advances from white planters and overseers.

Which of the following were provisions of the Coercive Acts?

-reducing the powers of the Massachusetts colonial government. -requiring colonists to beard troops. -closing the port of Boston.

The Second Great Awakening combined which two elements of nineteenth-century American culture?

-reform movements. -Protestant revivalism.

Which of the following correctly describe conditions for the young women employed in the Lowell mills?

-relatively well-paid. -clean housing provided. -well fed.

Which of the following were concessions William Pitt made in the third phase of the war?

-return of control over enlistment to colonial assemblies. -reimbursement for supplies requisitioned by the army. -dispatching large numbers of additional troops to America.

Although the colonies in 1754 were reluctant to cooperate, they had successfully worked with one another with regard to matters such as:

-road construction. -intercolonial trade. -a colonial postal service.

The Tea Act of 1773 angered many colonists because it:

-seemed like taxation without representation. -gave special treatment to the East India Company. -threatened to put American merchants out of business.

Since the beginning of the republic, new states had come into the Union more of less in pairs, one a(n) _____ state and on a(n) _____ state.

-slave;free. -northern; southern.

The prison reform movement sought to rehabilitate inmates through

-solitary confinement. -silence on prison work crews.

Which of the following groups were strong supporters of the Democrats in the 1830s?

-southern planters suspicious of industrial growth. -smaller merchants and workingmen in the Northeast. -westerners who had roots in the South.

Southern women who lived on farms of modest size regularly engaged in which of the following activities?

-spinning and weaving. -agricultural tasks. -overseeing slaves.

Which of the following were characteristics of the distinct slave culture?

-strong and elaborate family structures. -a blending of Christianity and African folklore.

Typical white southerners often engaged in which of the following?

-subsistence farming. -small amounts of crop production for the market.

After the Revolution, poor farmers faced problems with which of the following?

-taxes. -debt.

Which of the following luxuries became a virtual necessity in the emerging consumer environment of colonial America?

-tea. -household linens. -manufactured cutlery.

What did the Virginia Resolves declare?

-that Americans had the same rights as the English. -that only the Virginia assembly could tax Virginians.

Because British ships tried to drive American ships from the sea and the British closed their ports to American trade, American merchants began to develop trade networks with which of the following after the war?

-the Caribbean. -Asia. -South America.

Which of the following did the results of the 1836 presidential election illustrate?

-the Whigs' inability to find a single strong candidate. -the continuing strength of Jackson within the Democratic Party. -the Whigs' problem of divided leadership.

The Marshall Court tended to favor which of the following?

-the federal government over state governments. -corporations and other private economic institutions over local governments. -a strong, unified national government over a loosely organized one.

By the 1816 presidential election, the Federalists had ceased to be a potent force in national politics, signaling a clear end to which of the following?

-the first party system. -any significant opposition to the Republican monopoly on power.

In 1763, England found itself desperately in need of revenues because of which of the following?

-the need to administer new territory in North America. -the cost of many years of fighting. (or war)

Which of the following did Martin Van Buren emphasize?

-the party's need for a permanent opposition. -party loyalty and preservation of the party.

Financial issues associated with _____ demonstrated the weakness of Congress under the Articles of Confederation.

-the postwar economic depression. -appropriating funds for government operations. -an inadequate money supply.

Which of the following were goals established at the 1848 Seneca Falls convention for women's rights?

-the right to vote. -equality with men.

Which of the following factors influenced renewed Indian resistance to the encroachment of the United States on their lands?

-the rise of two powerful Indian leaders. -encouragement and support from the British in Canada.

Which of these technological advances spurred the growth of American journalism in the 1840s?

-the telegraph. -the rotary press.

Uncle Tom's Cabin gained national popularity in the mid-nineteenth century by being reproduced in which of the following forms?

-theatrical production. -novel.

Africans during the middle passage could expect which of the following?

-to be given little food or water. -to be chained.

The Constitution's "separation of powers" was designed for what purposes?

-to encourage competition among the forces within the government. -to prevent any single group from having too much power.

Which of the following are reasons why Hamilton wanted to create a national bank?

-to provide the government with a safe place to deposit funds. -to stimulate business by providing loans and currency. -to provide a basis for a well-developed national banking system.

Why were colonial assemblies formed?

-to run the political affairs of local communities. -because royal government was so far away.

Thomas Jefferson believed the nation should be wary of which of the following?

-too much urbanization. -too much industrialization.

By what means did the French try to control their empire in North America?

-trading posts. -Mississippi plantations. -fortresses. -fuedal estates.

Family life in New England was much more _____ than in the Chesapeake.

-traditional. -stable.

For Americans and their elected leaders in the 1810s, the War of 1812 served as a dramatic demonstration of inadequacies in which of the following areas?

-transportation and shipping. -banking and finance.

The passage of the Compromise of 1850 was different than that of the Missouri Compromise because the Compromise of 1850

-was broken down into a series of separate measures. -required significant bargaining.

In 1773, the British East India Company:

-was on the verge of bankruptcy. -was sitting on large stocks of tea that it could not sell in England.

What were the major sources of labor for the new textile mills in the 1820s?

-young, single women. -farm families, with parents and children.

Between 1800 and 1820, the national population nearly doubled, to almost _____ million.

10

The population of the United States grew 4 million in 1790 to _____ million by 1840

17

Match the following dates and events: 1754- 1756- 1757- 1759-

1754 - French and Indian War began. 1756 - Seven Years War began. 1757 - William Pitt brought the war under British control. 1759 - the fall of Quebec.

On October 17, _____, Charles Cornwallis surrendered to the Americans at Yorktown, Virginia.

1781

On April 30, __________, representatives of the United States signed an agreement for the purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France.

1803

Lewis and Clark set out on their famous expedition in the spring of

1804.

South Carolina's John C. Calhoun, one of the "war hawks" elected in 1810, joined others in pressuring Madison toward the declaration of war against Britain on June 18,

1812.

When did work on the Erie Canal begin?

1817

In what year did the Stockton and Darlington Railroad in England become the first railroad to haul general traffic?

1825

The removal of some legal obstacles in the _____ led to a spurt in the growth of corporations.

1830s

In what year was the telegraph first used for intercity communication?

1844

Monitor and Merrimack

1862 Vessels met in battle... neither sunk but Monitor put an end to Virginia's raids and preserved the blockade. (?)

About how many Jews were there in colonial America?

2,000

First African workers in Virginia were who?

20 some African negroes. Coloniest thought indentured servants.

Approximately what percentage of white southerners lived in slaveholding households in the mid-1800s?

25%

The proportion of the free-states population living in towns of 2,500 or more grew from 14% in 1840 to _____ by 1860.

26%

About _____ of America's population lived in towns of more that 8,000 in 1800.

3%

The United States and Great Britain agreed to fix the Oregon boundary at the _____ parallel.

49th

headright system

50 acres encourages immigration

"Starving time". What did indians do?

600 passenger to Va. 1 ship lost at sea 1 runs aground on Bermuda isle. Survivors succummed to fever (Indians kept them baracaded) lived off dogs/corpses only 60 left when vessel arrived. All left but ran into a supply ship with Gov. De la Warr who established the headright system.

Mayan civilizations were in what time frame:

800 A.D.

What portion of the total labor force worked on farms in the 1820s?

90%

A typical white southerner

A typical white southerner

In the 1800 election, the Republican machine in New York led by _____ helped his party win.

Aaron Burr

Though he served as vice president in Jefferson's first administration, __________ __________ became an outlaw and was accused of trying to create a western empire under his rule.

Aaron Burr

In the election of 1860,

Abraham Lincoln was elected with much less than half of the popular vote.

Why was the 1858 U.S. Senate election in Illinois of national importance?

Abraham Lincoln's eloquence helped him become a prominent member of the Republican Party.

Among the foremost advocates of women's rights during and after the Revolution was Abigail __________.

Adams

Match the place with its role in the triangular trade: Africa: West Indies: North America: Europe:

Africa: importer of manufactured goods and exporter of slaves. West Indies: importer of slaves and exporter of agricultural products. North America: importer of manufactured goods and exporter of agricultural products. Europe: importer of agricultural goods and exporter of manufactured goods.

Which of the following best describes formal schooling in the South before the Civil War?

African Americans were barred from formal education, and only one-third of white children were enrolled in schools.

The first real proposal for a general government to rule all colonies was the ______ Plan.

Albany

The effective advocate of a stronger national government who called for a national convention to rewrite the Articles of Confederation was

Alexander Hamilton

Though it is unlikely that Burr was actually involved int he Federalist secession scheme, __________ __________ accused him of treason.

Alexander Hamilton

Largest Native American language groups:

Algonquian tribes, Iroquois Confederacy, and the Muskogean tribes

Perhaps the most influential literacy works of the early republic were works that glorified

America's past and heroes.

Through novels such as The Last of the Mohicans, James Fenimore Cooper examined the significance of

America's westward expansion.

Which of the following statements about the Treaty of Paris is not correct?

American diplomats cooperated fully with France in their negotiations with the British.

The early feminist movement began at a world antislavery convention when

American women delegates were turned away.

When the new republic of Texas requested annexation by the United States,

Americans in the North opposed acquiring a large new slave territory.

Florentine merchant who gained recognition in discovery of Americas through writings of vivid descriptions:

Amerigo Vespucci

Abolitionists successfully funded the legal battle and repatriation of Africans who seized the __________, a Spanish slave ship.

Amistad

In 1839 a group of slaves in Cuba took over a ship, the __________, and attempted to sail it back to their homelands in Africa.

Amistad

Temporarily abandoning plans for an invasion of Florida, __________ __________, a wealthy Tennessee planter and general in the state militia, attacked the Creek Indians at Horseshoe Bend on March 27, 1814.

Andrew Jackson

By the mid-nineteenth century, how common was slavery in the Western world?

Apart from the American South, it existed only in Brazil, Cuba, and Puerto Rico.

Under the Proclamation of 1763, white settlement west of the _____ was forbidden.

Appalachain Mountains

Which of the following best reflects ways in which regional economic activities affected where Americans tended to settle in the West?

Areas known for mining and lumber mostly drew men.

Adopted by the Continental Congress in 1777, the _____ provided a legal framework for the national government.

Articles of Confederation

All of the following were American authors creating distinctively American literature EXCEPT

Asher Durand.

the tribe that superseded the Mayans:

Aztecs or Mexica

What was the first operating railroad company in the United States?

Baltimore and Ohio

The central issue of the 1832 elections was the _____, which was exactly what _____ wanted.

Bank of the United States; Henry Clay

Jefferson reversed his policy of cutting the U.S. military once trouble began brewing in the Mediterranean, where the _____ pirates threatened U.S. shipping with demands of tribute.

Barbary

rounded the southern tip of Africa in 1486:

Bartholomeu Dias

In 1810, American settlers in West Florida seized the Spanish for at _____ and petitioned the federal government to annex the territory.

Baton Rouge

Which of the following best explains why traditional male-centered family structures were difficult to maintain in the seventeenth-century Chesapeake?

Because of high mortality rates, family structures were constantly changing.

Though there was not much military activity in the North after 1778, one incident that stunned Americans was the discovery of treason committed by General __________ __________.

Benedict Arnold

The great network of institutions and charitable services for handicapped individuals that developed during the prewar years was known as the

Benevolent Empire.

What most earliest migrants used to cross from Asia to North America (Alaska) approximately 11,000 yrs. ago:

Bering Strait

As a result of the intense conflicts between pro-slavery and free-state settlers in Kansas, the state earned the nickname

Bleeding Kansas.

Although colonists in other colonial cities protested the Tea Act, the protest in ______ garnered the most attention.

Boston

The events of March 5, 1770, when a group of British soldiers opened fire on a crowd, are known as the _______ _______.

Boston Massacre

How did building the transcontinental railroad intensify regional struggles between the North and South?

Both sides clashed over where the new railroad would connect with existing railroads.

In 1850, outside of the United States, slavery in the Western Hemisphere existed in

Brazil.

Who led the migration of 12,000 Mormons from Illinois to what would become Salt Lake City, Utah?

Brigham Young

What nation besides the United States claimed sovereignty over the Oregon Territory?

Britain

Under the provisions of the Tea Act of 1773,

Britain's East India Company could directly export its product to the colonies without paying the same taxes as colonial merchants.

Although they remained largely passive during the French and Indian War, the Iroquois were formally allied with the _______.

British

The American theater of the Seven Years' War was a conflict among the:

British, French, & Iroquois

One of the first communities of transcendentalists was

Brook Farm.

The Battle of __________ __________ was fought on June 17, 1775, in Boston.

Bunker Hill

Which of the following best describes the significance of the Whigs' attacks on Jackson and Van Buren for their association with the Freemasons?

By accusing Democrats of association with the undemocratic Freemasons, the Whigs beat them with their own issue.

Which of the following statements about smallpox inoculation efforts is not correct?

By supporting inoculation, Mather signified his disbelief in the ideas of disease as a punishment for sin.

Indian trading center near present day St. Louis with population of over 40,000 in 1200 A.D.:

Cahokia

Henry Clay declined an offer to become secretary of war, so the newly-elected President Monroe named John C. __________ to the position instead.

Calhoun

Henry Clay's bill, which led to the Compromise 1850, included admitting _____ to the Union as a free state.

California

The Bear Flag Revolt was an attempt to proclaim the independence of what region from Mexico?

California

Which statement regarding mountain men and their relationship to the larger economy is not correct?

Careful planning helped them stay out of debt and keep a large share of their profits.

1632-1663 sequence of events: Called the Restoration Period

Charles I began ruling Dismissed Parliament Parliament returned English Civil War began; Charles beheaded; New "protector" died; Charles II comes back and seizes throne.

What was founded in 1673? How? What was significant about Religious freedom? What was created gov't wise? Who did they hope to attract? HAnthony Ashley Cooper didn't give up and aided by John Locke drew up the Fundamental Constitution for Carolina. Divided colonies into equal size/equal parcels. Est. social hierarchy. North (backwoods) South (fertile land/good harbor). Headright system est.

Charleston Charles II awarded 8 proprietors joint title. freedom for all Christian faiths. representative assembly. Attract existing settlers and save $$. Anthony Ashley Cooper didn't give up and aided by John Locke drew up the *Fundamental Constitution for Carolina*. Divided colonies into equal size/equal parcels. Est. social hierarchy. North (backwoods) South (fertile land/good harbor). Headright system est.

In 1701 What did Ben Franklin sign and what did it establish? What did it limit?

Charter of Liberties to establish representative assembly--limited authority of proprietor.

The _____ Indians actively worked on behalf of the Proclamation of 1763

Cherokee

Because many Californian men left their jobs to work in the gold fields, many _____ were able to find decent work in the West.

Chinese immigrants

Slave religion was primarily a form of

Christianity.

Queen Isabella agreed to let who sail under Spain with Spain's support, 90 men, and three ships:

Christopher Columbus

Match the eighteenth-century religious group with its description: Church of England: Puritans: Dutch Reformation: American Baptists:

Church of England: the official faith in many colonies Puritans: had a growing tendency for different congregations to affiliate with different denominations Dutch Reformation: a Calvinist denomination represented in parts of New York and New Jersey American Baptists: a variety of sects united by belief in total immersion for mature believers

What was the most important effect of the Mutiny Act, the Sugar Act, and the Currency Act on the colonists?

Colonists viewed them as an attack on colonial political power.

Among the secular institutions of higher learning in colonial America was King's College, later renamed

Columbia.

The publication of __________ __________ by Thomas Paine in 1776 gave voice to Americans' yearning for independence.

Common Sense

The _____ Propositions contained provisions for colonial self-taxation.

Conciliatory

In Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court declared the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional because

Congress had no right to expand the powers of the judiciary beyond what the Constitution specified.

Why didn't the kingdom of Hawaii join the United States in 1854?

Congress refused entry to Hawaii because the Hawaiian statehood treaty prohibited slavery.

More than almost anyone, John Marshall influenced the development of the

Constitution.

Women participated in the colonial resistance in part through the:

Daughters of Liberty.

The black abolitionist who called for uncompromising opposition to and a violent overthrow of slavery in his 1829 An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World was

David Walker.

Upon which document in American History is the language of the Declaration of Sentiments based?

Declaration of Independence

The meeting at Seneca Falls in 1848 generated a statement on women's rights patterned on the

Declaration of Independence.

In the 1860 elections, the political party most deeply divided over slavery was the

Democratic Party.

Which of the following best describes the 1836 presidential election?

Democrats united behind Martin Van Buren.

Which statement about cotton cleaning and the invention of the cotton gin is not correct?

Despite its obvious value, the cotton gin was never widely used.

What was the biggest problem facing American medicine in the first half of the nineteenth century?

Doctors had little understanding of how disease was spread.

The Massachusetts reformer who built a national movement for new methods of treating the mentally ill was

Dorothea Dix.

The French and Indian War began when George Washington attacked a detachment near Fort _____ in what is now _____.

Duquesne; Pittsburgh

Due to German laws banning Protestantism, many Germans were driven to North America and settled in Pennsylvania, where they became known as the Pennsylvania __________.

Dutch

Which of the following major writers of the antebellum period was a southerner?

Edgar Allan Poe

American inventor __________ __________ revolutionized weapons manufacturing by devising a machine to make each part of a gin according to an exact pattern.

Eli Whitney

In an effort to prevent international conflict on the high seas, a drastic measure known as the __________ prohibited American ships from leaving the United States for any foreign port.

Embargo

The 1844 Treaty of Wang Hya between China and the United States gave American merchants the same trading privileges in China as those enjoyed by merchants from __________.

England

The shared language developed by slaves combined African languages and the __________ language.

English

The Iron Act of 1750 was an example of

English parliamentary regulations that restricted American industrial growth.

Pequot War. Broke out between?

English settlers in CT valley and Pequot Indians. Natives almost wiped out. Bloodiest battle b/t whites and Indians. White's call in King Philips War (Indian Chief).Whites and Mohawks ambushed Metacomet and killed him. Fragile alliance disbanded. Earlier exchange of Flintlock rifle and Matchlock rifle (heavy).

Navigation Acts --Only trade with ______ items exported only to _______ European goods must first go through Coastal trading amongst colonies subject______ custom officials will be______

English ships England (tobacco); England to get taxed before colonies receive; taxes and custom officials will appointed. 1660..1663...1673

Which of the following statements about the turning point in North American slavery during the mid-1690s is not correct?

English slavers recognized the economic benefits of slavery after extensive study.

The __________ was an eighteenth-century movement that celebrated human reason and scientific inquiry.

Enlightenment

Virginia House of Burgessess

Establishes representative gov't.

In southern cities, slaves performed many of the menial jobs that in the North were performed by __________ immigrants.

European

True or false: Many southerners believed that John Brown's raid had the support of the Democratic Party.

False

True or false: Most colonists suffered serious economic hardship as a result of the Sugar and Currency Acts.

False

True or false: President Buchanan proved a firm and decisive president at the very time the nation needed one.

False

True or false: The United States did not take all of Mexico because its invasion of that country was not successful.

False

True or false: With Lincoln's election, the Republicans controlled both the legislative and the executive branches of the government.

False

True or False: By the second phase of the war, it was clear the British had no chance of winning.

False. (Had it not been for a series of mistakes and misfortunes , the British likely would have won the war.)

Supporters of the Constitution, known as __________, included George Washington and Benjamin Franklin.

Federalists

Which of the following was not one of the "Five Civilized Tribes"?

Fox

A former slave, __________ __________ founded an antislavery newspaper and wrote his autobiography.

Frederick Douglass

The name of the XYZ Affair refers to the three

French diplomats who attempted to extract a bribe from a U.S. diplomatic commission.

Which of the following best describes the Huguenots?

French immigrants who left because the government revoked the liberties given to them

Who popularized the medical theory of "humoralism"?

Galen

King _____ III ascended to the throne in England in 1760.

George

Who was appointed British prime minister in 1763?

George Grenville

The Continental Army's commander in chief was

George Washington

Hastily drawn up on Christmas Eve 1814, the Treaty of __________ ended the War of 1812 and helped usher in a period of improved Anglo-American relations.

Ghent

The ________ ________ led to a growing power of the English Parliament over the king.

Glorious Revolution

The conflicts among the English, French, and Iroquois in North America were part of a longer series of conflicts between the English and French that began just after the _____ in England.

Glorious Revolution

In 1732 Georgia was chartered. What did it grant? Who did it exclude? What/who did it bring?

Granted General James Oglethorpe and his fellow trustees control of GA. Excluded Africans(free or slave); Settlement became more compact and easier to defend. Only a few debtors released from prison. Brought hundreds of tradesman England, Switzerland, Germany, Scotland, Jews. Grew slower that other colonies.

By labeling the Great Plains the "__________ __________ __________," Stephen H. Long helped perpetuate a misconception introduced by Zebulon Pike 15 years earlier.

Great American Desert

The first major American religious revival, the __________ __________, occurred in the 1730s and 1740s.

Great Awakening

The Erie Canal connected New York to the __________ __________, providing access to Chicago and the markets of the West.

Great Lakes

The three leading figures in the Whig Party became known as the "__________ __________."

Great Triumvirate

Which of the following statements about Indian removal is not correct?

Had the federal government employed scientific study and planning, white expansion into the West could have been controlled.

Which of the following countries experienced a revolution in the late eighteenth century?

Haiti

Although the majority of delegates to the __________ __________ on December 15, 1814. did not support secession, their report reasserted the right of nullification.

Hartford Convention

Match the colonial college with its description: Harvard: William and Mary: Yale: Princeton:

Harvard: the first American college. William and Mary: institution established by Anglicans in Williamsburg, Virginia. Yale: university founded by Congregationalists. Princeton: university that emerged out of the Great Awakening as the College of New Jersey.

What most distinguished James Fenimore Cooper as a truly American novelist?

He celebrated the American wilderness.

Which of the following best describes Alexander Hamilton's attitude toward the 1800 presidential election?

He considered Burr too unreliable to trust with the presidency.

When Charles I began ruling as Monarch in England what did he do? This is King Jame's son who was also repressive towards Puritans

He dismissed the Parliament.

Why did President Jackson refuse to annex Texas?

He feared it would increase tensions between the slave and free states.

How did General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna's rise to power lead to conflict with American settlers in Mexico?

He increased the power of the national government over regional governments, causing settlers to worry.

Which of the following statements about Jonathan Edwards is not correct?

He opposed attempts to combat disease, which he considered God's punishment for sin.

How did Henry David Thoreau's beliefs shape his relationship with government?

He refused to support any government that did not match his personal morals.

How did President Polk respond to the border dispute between Texas and Mexico?

He sent troops to Texas to protect the region against a Mexican invasion.

Which of the following best describes Andrew Jackson's view of Indians?

He was deeply hostile toward them and wanted them to move west.

The House of Burgesses rejected the most extreme proposals introduced by Patrick _____, a passionate critic of British policies.

Henry

A compromise drafted by __________ __________ brought the nullification crisis to an end.

Henry Clay

On what legal basis did Dred Scott argue for his freedom in Dred Scott v. Sandford?

His master had taken him from Missouri to the free states of Illinois and Wisconsin.

How did William Lloyd Garrison negatively affect the abolitionist movement?

His positions became radical, which troubled many in the movement.

The first great American school of painters was known as the __________ __________ School.

Hudson River

The earliest of the continental Europeans to immigrate to the English colonies of North America were the French Calvinists, or __________.

Huguenots

What has been the effect of marriage on women, according to the document?

Husbands essentially become masters.

How effective was the Proviso in terms of achieving its own goals?

In the end, it just postponed further sectional divisions.

How did anti-abolitionist sentiments affect the abolitionist movement in the late 1830s?

Increased violence toward abolitionists created factions within the movement.

The nationalist inclinations of the Marshall Court were apparent in a series of decisions on the legal status of _____ within the United States.

Indian tribes

In the West, missionaries established schools for American Indians, believing that

Indians could be "civilized" by learning how to assimilate to white culture.

How did the slave codes define a person's race?

Individuals with a presumed trace of African ancestry were black.

Which of the following accurately describes transportation problems that occurred during the wartime British blockade?

Instead of being able to travel along the Atlantic coast by ship, people and goods crowded onto coastal roads.

Between 1820 and 1840, the largest proportion of immigrants to the United States came from

Ireland.

Construction gangs after 1840 were increasingly composed of workers from

Ireland.

The _____ _____ of five nations represented the most powerful native presence in the Ohio Valley.

Iroquois Confederacy

Which statement about Mormonism is FALSE?

It advocated sexual equality.

Which of the following statements about the English constitution is not correct?

It establishes fixed, unchangeable rules presented in a codified list.

How did the Cherokee nation try to defend itself against Georgia's efforts to seize its land?

It filed an appeal with the United States Supreme Court.

What effect did the French and Indian War have on the American colonies?

It forced them to cooperate for the first time.

What is the position of the Declaration of Sentiments on the question of female suffrage?

It is an inalienable right.

Which of the following statements about the 1840 presidential election is not correct?

It presented a stark contrast between aristocratic Van Buren and honest, man-of-the-people Harrison.

Which of the following statements is true about the population of New England between 1650 and 1700?

It quadrupled through reproduction alone.

Which of the following best reflects white male abolitionists' attitudes toward female abolitionists?

It was inappropriate for women to be outspoken activists.

Which of the following best describes slaves' practice of religion?

It was monitored by whites because autonomous black churches were illegal.

Which of the following statements about the Enlightenment is not correct?

It was opposed to Christianity.

Which of the following statements regarding the Kansas-Nebraska Act is FALSE?

It was sponsored by Henry Clay

Why did Congress oppose making the territories states?

It would change the balance between the number of free and slave states.

Which of the following statements regarding actions by the Jackson administration against the Bank of the United States in 1833 is not correct?

Jackson recognized that he had the legal means to abolish the Bank, but he needed the help of a reliable treasury secretary.

In 1674 NJ founded by whom? Who did he give part of his charter to and what did they name it. What was special? enormous what?

James (Duke of York) John Berkley and Sir George Carteret. NJ. Enormous ethnic and religious diversity but no class division.

Democrat _____ narrowly won the 1856 election by beating out the first Republican presidential candidate.

James Buchanan

Who wrote the 1841 novel The Deerslayer?

James Fenimore Cooper

As a congressman from Tennessee, _____ strongly supported annexing Texas and occupying the Oregon territory.

James K. Polk

Of the Founding Fathers, __________ __________ played the central role in drafting the Constitution.

James Madison

Representative _____ of New York proposed an amendment to Missouri's statehood bill that provided for the gradual emancipation of slaves in the state.

James Tallmadge Jr.

All of the following painters were associated with the Hudson River school EXCEPT

James Whistler.

Jackson compared his victory and its aftermath to the election of _____ in 1800.

Jefferson

Who of the following national leaders was NOT a major voice in the first round of debate over the proposed bill that would become the Compromise of 1850?

Jefferson Davis

The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions were the work of _____ and used concepts formulated by _____.

Jefferson and Madison; John Locke

A leading rancher in California who owned property where gold was discovered was

John A. Sutter.

Abolitionist __________ __________ led the Pottawatomie Massacre.

John Brown

The single event that did the most to convince white southerners the could not live safely in the Union was

John Brown's Harpers Ferry raid.

British officer _____ and American General _____ faced off in the battle at Saratoga.

John Burgoyne; Horatio Gates

The first Republican candidate for president was

John C. Fremont.

Which British philosopher most influenced the Declaration of Independence?

John Locke

As chief justice of the United States from 1801 to 1835, __________ __________ dominated the Court more fully than anyone else during his tenure.

John Marshall

The official who failed to deliver Marbury's commission in the final hours of the Adams administration was __________ __________.

John Marshall

Which of the following statements about people and events that surrounded President Harrison's inauguration is not correct?

John Tyler looked to guidance from Whig Party leaders after Harrison died.

Match the major figure of the Great Awakening with the appropriate description: John Wesley: George Whitefield: Jonathon Edwards:

John Wesley: co-founder of Methodism George Whitefield: powerful open-air preacher who made several tours Jonathon Edwards: New England Congregationalist who attacked the doctrine of easy salvation for all

In order to please southerners, Stephen A. Douglas agreed to divide the territory west of Iowa and Missouri as part of the __________-__________ Act.

Kansas-Nebraska

1642 Why did the English Civil War broke out? who did the Cavaliers support? Who won and who were they? Who won?

King Charles I antagonized parliament members by dismissing them 2x's in 2 years so they organized a military force -- Cavaliers (support the king) Roundheads won (forces of Parliament largely Puritan). king beheaded.

On April 18, 1775, British General Thomas Gage sent a detachment of soldiers to:

Lexington and Concord

Which of the following is NOT a Mormon belief?

Life-long celibacy is important.

Which statement about the 1796 presidential elections is not correct?

Like the Federalists, the Republicans had difficulty choosing a candidate, thought they ultimately settled on Jefferson.

In the 1858 Abraham Lincoln-Stephen Douglas debates,

Lincoln argued slavery was a threat to the growth of free labor.

How was Jamestown founded?

London Co. headed for VA w/ 144 men aboard three ships (GODS) Godspeed, Discovery and Susan Constant. Only 104 men survived. Site was low and swampy (failed for 17 years).

Drawing from the ideas of _____, John C. Calhoun argued that the states were the final arbiters of the constitutionality of federal laws.

Madison and Jefferson

Complicating the Missouri question in 1819 and 1820 was the application of _____ for admission as a free state.

Maine

Dutch settle in

Manhattan

Americans justified expansion in the 1800s with the ideology known as "__________ __________."

Manifest Destiny

The idea that God and history had selected America to expand its boundaries over the continent of North America was known as

Manifest Destiny.

Why did early efforts to end slavery by repatriating slaves fail?

Many African Americans were not interested in emigrating to Africa.

Republican attacks on the judiciary and debate over the courts were the context of __________ v. Madison (1803), one of the most important judicial decisions in American history.

Marbury

The tradition of American regional humor established by the southern literary realists found its most powerful voice in the works of

Mark Twain.

After John __________ died in 1835, President Jackson appointed Roger B. Taney to take his place.

Marshall

Though he had won election as New York governor in 1828, __________ __________ __________ resigned when Andrew Jackson appointed him secretary of state.

Martin Van Buren

Catholics suffered the worst persecution in

Maryland.

Puritans establish what colony? How many ships and people?

Massachusetts Bay Colony. 17 ships set sail with 1,000 people. Largest single migration.

Puritan separatists drew up what?

Mayflower Compact gov'n themselves. 1/2 colonists died the first winter.People were poor but content.

People of Mexico and Central America:

Mesoamericans, 10,000 B.C.

At the same time as the Oregon dispute, the United States was involved in another territorial dispute with which country?

Mexico

When __________ won its independence from Spain in 1821, it soon opened its northern territories to trade with the United States.

Mexico

Which of the following was the site of a crucial American victory in the war?

Mexico City

In the increasingly popular __________ shows, white actors wearing blackface mimicked and ridiculed African American culture.

Minstrel

When __________ applied for admission to the Union in 1819, an amendment to the statehood bill was proposed that banned the further importation of slaves into the state.

Missouri

President Polk's plan for deciding the fate of slavery in the new territories was to extend the __________ __________ line.

Missouri Compromise

The land-based migrants to the Americas heritage and name:

Mongolians of modern day Siberia; The Clovis People

The 1823 statement of U.S. policy in the Western Hemisphere is called the __________ __________.

Monroe Doctrine

Which of the following best describes the relationship between agriculture and business in the South?

Most successful businesses were related to the needs of plantation owners.

Continuing tensions in Europe, particularly after the beginning of the _____ in 1803, helped bring about the War of 1812.

Napoleonic Wars

The only successful large-scale slave uprising was led by __________ __________, a slave preacher who led an armed band of slaves to murder 60 white men, women, and children in Virginia.

Nat Turner

From the 1830s on, state laws governing slavery made it much more difficult for owners to set their slaves free, in part because

Nat Turner's revolt had prompted fears of further revolts among white southerners.

Under the new system, the field was divided between the _____ Republicans, led by John Quincy Adams, and the _____ Republicans, led by Andrew Jackson.

National; Democratic

Spain went to war with...then what happened?

Netherlands. English swooped in and began colonizing.(Antigua, St. Kitts, Jamaica and Barbados). Spain only colonized on the larger islands (Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico). Tobacco and cotton failed--sugar succeeded.

In which region did the factory system first develop?

New England

The 1828 "tariff of abominations" originated with _____, but because it placed tariffs on other imports in order to win support from other constituencies, it raised the price of _____ and therefore lost the support of the group it had been intended to help.

New England textile manufacturers; raw materials

in 1664 English captures_____________. Charles I granted his brother James(Duke of York) what? English navy extracted surrender of _______ and renamed it. _______ Who were living there? Was there any provision for representative assemblies. Who held Political power ?b/t Wealthy.

New Netherlands. land between CT and DE rivers. Dutch colony.... New York. Dutch, Scandinavians, Germans, French and Africans(slaves) and Indians. No! Wealthy.

Before 1830, _____ had come to serve as the major link between Midwestern farmers and the cities of the Northeast.

New Orleans

Jackson's victory in the Battle of __________ __________ on January 8, 1815, became legendary, but the war had actually ended several weeks before the battle took place.

New Orleans

Manhattan's great Central Park was built, beginning in the 1850's, partly at the request of

New York's wealthy, as a place to ride their elegant carriages.

In 1776, General William Howe drove General George Washington's forces from the city of:

New York.

What significant lesson did the resolution of the nullification crisis demonstrate?

No state could defy the federal government alone.

Which of the following best describes the state of public education in 1830?

No state had a system of universal public education.

In the mid-nineteenth century, romanticism

None of these answers is correct.

Which region of the country had, by far, the most trackage in 1860?

Northeast

In 1837, __________ in Ohio became the first college to admit both men and women.

Oberlin

The Northwest Ordinance referred to a region north of the

Ohio River

One of the most enduring of the pre-Civil War utopian colonies was

Oneida.

Which of the following best describes the prevalence of slaveholding in the South?

Only a very small minority of southern whites owned slaves.

The __________ __________ was a 2,000-mile route west from Independence, Missouri, across the Great Plains and through the South Pass of the Rocky Mountains.

Oregon Trail

In 1844, President James K. Polk supported the acquisition of

Oregon and Texas.

1634 Maryland founded. How did origins differ from Va. Origins diff. than VA.

Originally a refuge for Catholics, but Calvert died while negotiating with King Lord Baltimore for charter. His son Cecilius (second Lord Baltimore) received charter and made his brother Leonard Calvert as gov. Sent two ships, Ark & Dove. village of St. Mary's. The most religiously tolerant.

The financial crisis known as the __________ of __________ helped bring the "era of good feelings" to an end.

Panic; 1819

German immigrants to the New World in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century were most likely to settle in

Pennsylvania.

Which colonial American city had the largest population?

Philadelphia

The Constitutional Convention was held in

Philadelphia in 1787.

Pilgrims founded

Plymouth colony.

The most well-known almanac of colonial times was __________ __________ Almanac, published by Benjamin Franklin.

Poor Richard's

Which of the following was the end point of the Oregon Trail?

Portland

Which of the following statements about women and men in the Chesapeake is not correct?

Premarital sexual relationships were rare for indentured servants.

The ________ was a response to fears that settlement in the upper Ohio Valley would spark war with the Indians.

Proclamation of 1763

Like his contemporary to the east, Handsome Lake, Tenskwatawa )known as "the __________") demonstrated the power of religious leaders to mobilize Indians behind political and military objectives.

Prophet

In New England, __________ religion demanded that women devote their lives to their husbands and families.

Puritan

Prior to the Civil War, the religious denomination most active in feminism was the

Quakers.

Some loyalists who fled after the American Revolution established the first English-speaking community in

Quebec.

In "Nature" (1836), __________ __________ __________ described a quest for fulfillment through communion with the natural world.

Ralph Waldo Emerson

After the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, disappointed members of several major political parties combines to form the __________ Party.

Republican

The free-soil ideology became the heart of the __________ Party platform.

Republican

The political party that came into being largely in response to the Kansas-Nebraska Act was the

Republican Party.

The Adams administration used the Sedition Act to arrest and convict 10 men, most of whom were

Republican newspaper editors who criticized Federalists in government.

Which statement about the Alien and Sedition Acts is not correct?

Republicans were extremely slow to recognize the acts as an effort to destroy their power.

What was important about 1663?

Restoration Period --resumption of colonization in America. four additional colonies: Carolinas, NY, NJ and PA

Roger Williams Founded _______. Where did he live? He expressed_____________. Felt Rhode Island should what? Land they occupied belonged to Indians. What happened to him before deportation? What was special about Rhode Island?

Rhode Island. Salem, religious and political dissent. separate from England. He escaped and found refuge with Narragansett tribe. Created Providence. Rhode Island is the only colony which all faiths could worship.

Which of the following best explains why rice did not become a staple of the southern economy?

Rice fields require extensive irrigation.

As a part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Mexico agreed to acknowledge the __________ __________ River as the boundary of Texas.

Rio Grande

Texans claimed that the border between Texas and Mexico was the _____, while Mexico claimed it was the _____.

Rio Grande; Nueces River

The ______ _______ were the western boundary of French-claimed territory in North America at the end of the seventeenth century.

Rocky Mountains

One of the most powerful stereotypes of slaves was the "__________," a shuffling, dimwitted slave who was deferential to whites.

Sambo

In 1772, ______ ______ proposed the creation of a "committee of correspondence" to publicize grievances against England.

Samuel Adams

The leading figure in stirring outrage over the Boston Massacre was:

Samuel Adams

A steady stream of commercial wagon trains moved along the _____ Trail between Missouri and New Mexico in the 1820s.

Santa Fe

John Burgoyne surrendered at __________, New York, an event that marked a major turning point in the war.

Saratoga

The largest group of European immigrants to the American colonies in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century were

Scotch-Irish from Ulster in northern Ireland.

The __________ __________ Congress held its first meeting a few weeks after the battles of Lexington and Concord.

Second Continental

The nineteenth-century Protestant revivalist movement, known as the __________ __________ Awakening, was based on the idea that everyone was capable of salvation and spiritual rebirth.

Second Great

The Alien and __________ Acts of 1798 were among the most controversial pieces of legislation in U.S. history.

Sedition

Andrew Jackson used orders from Secretary of War John C. Calhoun as an excuse to launch the __________ __________ by invading Florida in 1817.

Seminole War

Of the Five Civilized Tribes, only the __________ and the __________ managed to partially aviod forced relocation.

Seminole, Cherokee.

When did the First Continental Congress convene?

September 1774

Which of the following statements about education in the Jeffersonian era is not correct

Several states developed working systems of free public schools.

Tensions between state governments and farmers came to a head in the summer of 1786, when Daniel __________ led an insurrection in Massachusetts.

Shay

Match the names of important figures from the Revolutionary War with their identities: Sir Henry Clinton: Lord Cornwallis: Nathanael Greene: Thomas Sumter:

Sir Henry Clinton: replacement for William Howe as British commander in chief. Lord Cornwallis: British commander in the South. Nathanael Greene: replacement for Horatio Gates as American commander in the South. Thomas Sumter: Patriot guerrilla fighter.

Which of the following best describes an aspect of the domestic slave trade?

Slave families were often separated, including the separation of children from parents.

Which of the following statements regarding slave life is true?

Slave mothers had large families, but death rates among black children were high.

Why was the Proviso opposed by some parties?

Slave states did not want to limit slavery.

Which of the following best describes the frequency of slave revolts in the South?

Slave uprisings were rare, but the possibility kept white southerners on alert.

Who chartered Pa. who were their first leaders? What did they reject? colony best described as the most... What did Franklin named the city?

Society of Friends/pacifists. George Fox & Margaret Fell. Quakers rejected predestination concept and original sin. cosmopolitan of all colonies. Philadelphia (city of brotherly love).

In the summer of 1765, members of the newly organized _____ _____ _____ terrorized agents attempting to enforce the Stamp Act.

Sons of Liberty

Which region of the United States experienced both the smallest amount of urban growth and the least settlement by immigrants between 1840 and 1860?

South

The most elaborate Indian civilizations of the Americas were in:

South Am.,Central Am., and Mexico

Steamboats in the 1810s stimulated the agricultural economies of the _____ by providing much readier access to markets at reduced cost.

South and West

In the 1840s, regional critics of President James K. Polk claimed his policies favored the

South.

The _____ Act imposed a tax on printed documents.

Stamp

James Otis persuaded his colleagues in the Massachusetts assembly to bring together what became known as the _____ _____ Congress.

Stamp Act

What decision about representation in the upper house was made in the Great Compromise?

States would be represented equally with two members apiece.

Which decision about representation in the upper house was made in the Great Compromise?

States would be represented equally with two members apiece.

The northern Democrats nominated _____ for president in the 1860 election.

Stephen A. Douglas

Which of the following was one of the "new leadership" who came to power after Clay and Calhoun?

Stephen A. Douglas

Who established the first legal American settlement in Texas in 1822?

Stephen Austin

The 1858 U.S. Senate race in Illinois was between __________ __________ and Abraham Lincoln.

Stephen Douglas

The __________ Rebellion in 1739 was the largest colonial slave revolt.

Stono

Because the _____ had not yet established its sole right to nullify legislation, Republicans turned to _____ in hopes of reversing the Alien and Sedition Acts.

Supreme Court; state legislatures

All of the following people helped create a distinct American literature EXCEPT

Sydney Smith.

The Shawnee chief __________ set out to unite the Indians of the Mississippi Valley.

Tecumseh

Famous city of the Mexica built in 1300 A.D.:

Tenochtitlan

Under the terms of the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819, the United States renounced its claim on the Spanish territory of __________.

Texas

Which state was at the center of the conflict that initiated the Mexican-American War?

Texas

Which of the following accurately describe the boundary dispute over Oregon and that of Texas?

Texas -dispute settled by a war -both sides argued a borders based on a different river -the United States paid financial claims of its own citizens as part of the resolution Oregon -President Polk offered a compromise that was initially rejected -both sides settled on a boundary at the 49th parallel in order to avoid war -there had been "joint occupation" from two decades.

What was the significance of the American invasion of Canada and the crushing of a Loyalist uprising in North Carolina in 1776?

The British realized the war would not be isolated to the New England region.

Why did John Adams have difficulty as a diplomatic representative of the Confederation to London?

The British weren't sure whether he represented one nation or 13.

Which statement best describes Congress's decision about who would become president in the election of 1800?

The Federalist Congress had to choose between the opposing party's two candidates.

This led to Maryland becoming a separate colony. The new gov't increased potential authority.

The Glorious Revolution l

The largest Native American empire in the Americas, stretching 2,000 miles was:

The Incan Empire along western South America in Peru

Why did large numbers of Americans first move into Texas?

The Mexican government gave them financial incentives to colonize the region.

Which of the following best describes the economic relationship between the North and South during the antebellum period?

The South was like a colony, shipping raw goods to the North to be turned into salable goods.

Which of the following was NOT a reason that many northern whites were against abolition?

The abolition movement was rapidly gaining ground among whites in the South.

What happened during Bacon's Rebellion? Who was Bacon?

The autocratic rule of Berkley, revealed rival elites in VA; Demonstrated instability of large population of non-landowners; continued struggle for white and Indian spheres of influence. westerland farmer. who was angered about holding the line of settlement to avoid Indian conflicts.

Which of the following statements regarding educational opportunities for people of different classes and races in the early nineteenth century is not correct?

The era saw an increased interest in the power of education to "improve" African Americans.

How did the federal response to the Whiskey Rebellion differ from the Confederation Congress's response to Shay's Rebellion?

The federal government dealt with the insurrection directly.

Which of the following best describes the significance of the 1848 election results?

The impressive number of votes received by the Free-Soil Party indicated the slavery issue could not be contained.

Which of the following best describes how the Proviso was similar to other legislation that came before and after it?

The issue of slavery was difficult from before independence and up to the Civil War.a

Why is the rhetoric of this document so effective?

The language is based historically on the Declaration of Independence.

Which statement about the 1800 presidential campaign is not correct?

The partisan rancor of the 1800 campaign infected all who participated, not least of all Jefferson and Adams.

Which of the following statements regarding birth and mortality rates in the Chesapeake during the 1600s is not correct?

The population declined due to high mortality, low birth rate, and low life expectancy.

Which of the following best describes Washington's beliefs about political factions?

The president should be above political controversies.

How did intellectual southerners respond to abolitionist attacks on slavery?

The produced The Pro-Slavery Argument.

Which of the following statements about the political atmosphere of the 1790s is not correct?

The two major political factions lacked powerful leaders, which created a deadlock.

Which best explains why Hamilton wanted to increase the public debt rather than reduce and pay it off as soon as possible?

The wealthiest classes would have a permanent stake in the government's success.

Which of the following statements about midwives in colonial America is not correct?

Their profession ceased to exist due to the efforts of professional physicians.

Which of the following statements about U.S. immigration in 1830 is true?

There were fewer than 500,000 foreign-born people in the country at that time.

What is one reason slave women often held additional authority in the plantation system?

They acted as single parents when their husbands were sold to other plantations.

Which statement about the members of the Constitutional Convention is not correct?

They agreed to immediately disclose their activities to the public.

How did Americans perceive the relationship between the Oregon border dispute and the Mexican War?

They believed Polk settled for less land in Oregon because he was distracted by Mexico.

How did most early American settlers in Texas obtain land from the Mexican government?

They brought settlers to the region and received large government land grants.

How did slaves cope with being separated from their families?

They could be "adopted" by a slave family in the new community.

How were the Forty-niners different from other western migrants?

They did not bring families with them.

Which of the following statements about the poorest class of white southerners is FALSE?

They often felt affinity with slaves as members of another oppressed class.

Which of the following statements is true of free blacks living in the North in 1850?

They were at times poorer than slaves in the South.

How did northerners react to the Dred Scott decision?

They were dismayed and vowed to "pack" the Court in order to reverse the decision.

How did southern whites react to the Dred Scott decision?

They were elated because the Supreme Court had validated parts of their argument.

How did free blacks in the North feel toward the slaves?

They were empathetic and became actively involved in the abolition movement.

Which of the following best describes elementary and secondary schools in the South before the Civil War?

They were inferior to those in the Northeast and the Northwest frontier.

Which of the following best describes most members of the southern planter class?

They were newly wealthy and among the first in their families to succeed at farming.

What was the result for women who owned property in their own name?

They were taxed without representation.

Who was not one of the authors of The Federalist Papers?

Thomas Jefferson

Who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson

Which of the following helped build support for the idea of independence in the early months of 1776?

Thomas Paine's Common Sense

Which statement best characterizes Jefferson's leadership style?

Though he cultivated the image of a man of the people, he was a shrewd politician who quietly exerted considerable influence.

While Tecumseh was away attempting to form an alliance with Indians to the south against the United States, Harrison defeated Indian forces in the Battle of

Tippecanoe.

Why did tobacco cultivation move westward in the 1830s?

Tobacco farming had exhausted the land, so farmers had to switch to other crops.

In 1767, Parliament levied new taxes, known as the _________ ________, on colonial imports of lead, paint, paper, and tea.

Townshend Acts

Which of the following statements about the 1794 Whiskey Rebellion is not correct?

Troops laid siege to Pittsburgh for three days until the rebels surrendered.

True or false: Hamilton won a major victory in 1791 when the Bank of the United States opened.

True

True or false: Northerners viewed the "slave power conspiracy" as a threat to their liberties.

True

True or false: The "penny press" was important because it exposed a significant proportion of the population to the idea of Manifest Destiny.

True

True or false: The Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed the antislavery provision of the Missouri Compromise.

True

True or false: The South opposed any effort to acquire new territory that did not allow for slavery.

True

True or false: The Wilmot Proviso prohibited slavery in the territory taken from Mexico.

True

True or false: In the mid-1840s, President Polk decided to acquire both New Mexico and California for the United States.

True (He prepared the military to take action in California if necessary.)

Which of the following statements about the state constitution-making process is not correct?

Under the Massachusetts constitution, constitutional conventions would meet every year.

traveled by sea, all around the cape to India from 1497-1498:

Vasco da Gama

Match the states with the year in which they joined the Union: Vermont- Kentucky- Tennessee- Rhode Island-

Vermont-1791, after New York and New Hampshire gave up their claims. Kentucky-1792, after Virginia gave up its claim. Tennessee-1796, after north Carolina ceded its western lands to the Union. Rhode Island-1790, after the Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution.

Powhatan Indians attack

Virginia

New Englanders had begun to express impatience with the so-called "__________ __________" and its years of control over the executive branch.

Virginia Dynasty

In an effort to persuade state legislatures to nullify the Alien and Sedition Acts, the Republicans introduced two documents, known as the _____ resolutions.

Virginia and Kentucky

More than half of the free African Americans in slaveholding states were living in _____ in 1860.

Virginia and Maryland

Who among the following was NOT a participant in American communal living?

Walt Whitman

The primary area in dispute was part of what current state or province?

Washington

The first widely known American fiction author was __________ __________ creator of Ichabod Crane and Rip Van Winkle.

Washington Irving

Which of the following statements about the southern aristocratic ideal is FALSE?

Wealthy southern whites prided themselves on their egalitarianism.

Which of the following best describes why wealthy southerners invested little capital in manufacturing?

Wealthy southerners had much of their capital tied up in their land.

In 1830, Massachusetts Senator Daniel__________ challenged Senator Robert Y. Hayne to a debate about states' rights versus national power.

Webster

Who won the presidential election of 1848?

Whig Zachary Taylor

Why was it necessary for the British to issue the Proclamation of 1763?

White settlers had begun moving into tribal lands.

Which of the following was part of the slave codes?

Whites could not teach slaves to read or write.

Veteran Indian fighter __________ __________ __________ became the principal U.S. figure in the Indian conflicts of the Northwest during the early 1800s.

William Henry Harrison

During the second phase of the French and Indian War, _____ began to transform the war effort in America by _____.

William Pitt; bringing it fully under British control

What is the effect on the morality of women that results from male privileges, according to the Declaration?

Women become irresponsible.

Which of the following was NOT a demand made in the "Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions"?

Women should have their own social spheres.

George Washington and French forces planned to trap Charles Cornwallis at:

Yorktown, Virginia.

In 1834, the Factory Girls Association held a strike to protest

a 25 percent wage cut.

In 1845, the immediate cause of war with Mexico was

a border dispute.

Sexual relationships between white southern men and female slaves was

a common practice.

Which of the following did not cause the rise of an entrepreneurial merchant class in colonial America?

a concerted effort by Parliament to foster such a class

Even after Congress passed an internal improvements bill, Madison continued to maintain that _____ was necessary before it would be possible to fund the building of roads.

a constitutional amendment

One social trend that accompanied industrialization was

a decline in the birth rate.

Who was Ethan Allen?

a land speculator that took up the cause of the Green Mountain farmers

Which of the following best characterizes the first phase of the French and Indian War?

a local conflict in which encroaching English colonists fought to defend themselves against Native American raids

Because "King Caucus" had been overthrown, in 1824 the field of presidential hopefuls included _____ candidates who were not necessarily affiliated with any political party.

a relatively large number of

Which of the following best describes the proportion of northerners who were pro-abolition?

a small minority

In the 1840s, abolitionists in the United States constituted

a small percentage of the national population.

In the early days of the Revolutionary War, most Americans believed they were fighting for

a solution to a disagreement within the British Empire.

Which of the following sparked the nullification crisis of 1832?

a state convention vote on the "tariff of abominations"

In the face of massive financial problems after the Seven Years' War, many British leaders came to believe their only hope was:

a system of taxation administered by London.

Which of the following was NOT a provision of Henry Clay's legislative proposal presented to the Senate in January 1850?

abolishing slavery in the District of Columbia (The bill called for abolishing the slave trade, but not slavery, in the District of Columbia.)

A catalyst for an American feminist movement was a London convention in 1840 that dealt with

abolition.

During the nineteenth century, the largest obstacle to improved medical care in America was the

absence of basic knowledge about disease.

What historical event does the Proviso assume will transpire?

acquisition of territory from Mexico

Southerners thought that admitting California as a state would

add to the number of free states and the northern majority in Congress.

The 1853 Gadsden Purchase

advanced the interests of southern railroads.

The Dred Scott decision

affirmed the South's argument that the Constitution permitted slavery.

Indians were predominant in the upper Great Lakes area until

after the Civil War.

When did the demand for slave labor in North America begin?

almost from the very beginning of settlement

The most vigorous promoters of science and scientific knowledge in colonial America were

amateur scientists.

The most significant achievement of the first Congress was passing the first 10 __________ to the Constitution.

amendments

Thomas Jefferson's vision for America is best summarized as

an agrarian society of small property owners.

The Compromise of 1850 included all of the following EXCEPT (Included:-California would join the Union as a free state. -a new more effective fugitive slave law. -the slave trade, but not slavery, would be abolished in the District of Columbia. -the rest of the lands acquired from Mexico, territorial governments would be formed without restrictions on slavery.)

an agreement that the national government would not pay the Texas debt.

Which of the following policies helped Polk get elected president in 1844?

annexation of both Texas and Oregon.

In colonial New England, "selectmen" were

annually elected town leaders.

Which of the following was NOT a health fad in the antebellum years?

antibiotics

The transcendentalists were among the first Americans to

anticipate the environmental movement of the twentieth century.

By combining the Oregon and the Texas issue in 1844, Democrats hoped to

appeal to both northern and southern expansionists.

Cobblers, blacksmiths, and printers were examples of the types of _____ common in the North.

artisans

In 1849, President Zachary Taylor favored admitting California

as a free state.

Which of the following best describes how members of the white southern upper class viewed themselves?

as true aristocrats, much like those in the Old World

Although Parliament remianed the ultimate authority in the colonies, colonial _____ exercised increasing control over American public life.

assemblies

Resistance to imperial authority was most concentrated among colonial:

assemblies

Southerners reacted to the raid at Harpers Ferry by

becoming convinced that it was unsafe to remain in the Union.

Events in which women got together to make quilts or other domestic products were known as "__________."

bees

The fall of Quebec in 1759 marked the:

beginning of the end of the war.

During the 1858 Abraham Lincoln-Stephen Douglas debates, it became clear that Lincoln

believed slavery was morally wrong, but he was not an abolitionist and he did not believe racial equality was feasible at the time.

The flow of immigrants from England to the American colonies declined in the early eighteenth century because of

better economic conditions in England.

The Antifederalists' main complaint about the Constitution was that it lacked a

bill of rights.

One example of the diplomatic challenges John Quincy Adams's administration faced was the 1826 Panama conference, which southerners in Congress opposed because they did not want American representatives to associate with

black delegates from Haiti.

When balancing the four "humor," male physicians mostly practiced

bleeding.

When Napoleon tried to close the European continent to British trade, the British responded with a(n) _____ on the European coast.

blockade

In response to Charles Townshend's attempt to tax and control the flow of goods, Boston merchants helped organize a(n) _______ of all goods subject to the tax.

boycott

Under the terms of the secret Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1800 between France and Spain, France regained title to the vast Louisiana Territory as part of Napoleon's grand design to

build a great French empire in America.

in 1673 the Dutch from England????

but soon lose it permanently?

In 1650's England began trying to regulate colonial trade how?

by Pariliment passing laws to keep Dutch ships out of the colonies. *Navigation acts* passed later (1660-1673).

How did the British use the slavery issue to try to defeat the rebellious colonies?

by enabling escaped slaves to leave the country

In 1731 How did the Spanish begin to fortify borders? But who was the greatest threat?

by establishing. forts (San Antonio area). the French near Texas.

When the Jackson administration began transferring funds from the Bank of the United States to state banks, Nicholas Biddle responded by

calling in loans and raising interest rates.

The transcendentalists defined reason as an individual's

capacity to grasp truth and beauty by expressing emotions.

The transcendentalists defined understanding as an individual's

capacity to repress instincts and to use the intellect to learn by rote.

Due to their commitment to _____, all Shakers had to choose the faith for themselves.

celibacy

The Constitution's most distinctive feature is a system of __________ and __________ to evenly distribute powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.

checks and balances

In the Oneida Community, women were protected from unwanted _____, while the most distinctive feature of Shakerism was _____.

childbearing: celibacy

Which of the following identifies traditional values that motivated southerners to avoid such "coarse" occupations as trade and commerce?

chivalry

After the Revolution, one setback to the legal rights of married women was that they could no longer

claim their dowries from their husbands' estates upon the death of the husband.

The growth of eighteenth-century consumerism was partly the result of the increasing division of colonial societies by

class.

Which of the following was replacing wood as a leading energy source in the mid-nineteenth century?

coal

With the approval of the Declaration of Independence, former __________ became states and began producing their own written constitutions.

colonies

The Mutiny Act of 1765 required:

colonists to help provision and maintain the British army stationed in America.

The antislavery movement in the early 1800s was based on the idea of

colonization.

New England towns were typically built around a _____, or central pasture.

common

Armed with an increased congressional majority after the 1798 elections, the Federalists began to

consider ways of silencing their Republican opponents.

The most important and popular American painters of the early nineteenth century

considered untamed nature the best source of inspiration......????

After the Iroquois granted trading alliances to the British, the French responded by:

constructing new fortresses in the Ohio Valley.

As president, James K. Polk

convinced the British government to divide the Oregon territory at the 49th parallel.

The soil in the Old Southwest was ideal for growing __________, a crop that enjoyed increasing demand.

cotton

What technological development made the large-scale cultivation of short-staple cotton possible?

cotton gin

Each new settlement in colonial New England drew up a _____ to formalize settlers' commitment to unity and harmony.

covenant

The Mexican lands that made up the 1853 Gadsden Purchase originally were bought to

create a southern route for the transcontinental railroad.

The first and most basic concern in establishing state governments was to

create written constitutions.

in 1688 - 1689 What happened when James II popular support vanished? Why was their rule considered a bloodless coup? What was the final outcome and what was it called?

daughter Mary (protestant) and husband William of Orange appt. ruler of Netherlands to assume the throne. It touched off revolutions in several colonies (bloody ones); representative assemblies were revived and colonial unification abandoned. Called the Glorious Revolution

What campaign tactic did Abraham Lincoln use to increase his visibility to voters?

debates

The day-to-day administration of colonial affairs by England's government in the 1700's tended to be:

decentralized

Romantic authors in the South were more likely than writers in the North to

defend the southern way of life, including slavery.

What led to Ma. getting it's charter revoked?

defiance of the navigation acts.

The slave codes of the American South

defined anyone with a trace of African ancestry as black.

Martin Van Buren argued that a strong national party is essential for

democracy.

Reform movements emerged in America in the mid-nineteenth century in part because of a

desire for social stability and discipline in the face of change.

Who was Anthony Ashley Cooper and what didn't he do? aided by John Locke what document was drawn up? What was the social heirarchy that was established?

didn't give up... *Fundamental Constitution for Carolina.* Divided colonies into equal size/equal parcels. Headright system. Est. social hierarchy. North (backwoods) South (fertile land/good harbor).

The British wanted to avoid warfare on the frontier for fear it would:

disrupt trade

For Americans in 1776, the Declaration of Independence was significant because it provided formal justification for

dissolving the political connection between the colonies and Great Britain.

One of the most distinctive features of the Constitution is the _____ of powers between the state and national governments.

distribution

Charter James I issues new stating what?

dividies North America b/t London Group in south and Plymouth merchants in north. Promised: 1. full rights of Englishmen 2. end to strict rule 3. share in self-gov't.

On the night of December 16, 1773, 150 Boston men disguised as Indians

dumped the cargo of several ships into the harbor.

The availability of _____ helped fuel a land boom in the West, the end of which caused the Panic of 1819.

easy credit

The outcome of the 1836 presidential election was partly the result of a nationwide

economic boom.

Jackson was consistently opposed to concentration of power in the federal government over

economics and banking.

In the first phase of congressional debate over the bill that would become the Compromise of 1850, the majority of speakers were

elder statesmen who argued the topic on the basis of nationalistic ideals.

Edgar Allan Poe's work focused on individuals who were experiencing

emotions of sadness and terror.

The American Revolution weakened traditional forms of religious practice by

encouraging individual liberty and reason.

Most northern colonists supported themselves economically, at least partially, by

engaging in home-based industries.

In contrast to the Old World notion of hereditary aristocracy, American ideology emphasized

equality

The founders of the Perkins School for the Blind believed that

even the blind or handicapped could discover inner strength and wisdom.

The most widespread method slaves used to defy their masters was

everyday forms of resistance, such as refusing to work hard.

In response to the Coercive Acts, women's groups mobilized to:

extend boycotts of British goods.

In the American slave family,

extended kinship networks were strong and important.

Farmer revolts in western Massachusetts in the 1790s were evidence of the

failure of the Confederation to effectively tie outlying western areas to the nation as a whole.

The Judiciary Act of 1789 was created to address the Constitution's lack of details regarding

federal courts.

The Marshall Court's decisions on matters relating to the Indians served to establish the tribes as sovereign entities over which the _____ had ultimate authority.

federal government

Most slaves in the North American colonies worked as __________ hands.

field

What was the greatest challenge the Continental Congress faced after the Revolutionary War began?

financing the war

Match the phrase of the war with Great Britain and the region in which it was primarily fought: first: second: third:

first: New England second: the mid-Atlantic third: the South

Americans viewed constitutions as:

fixed and permanent.

One of the main schools of thought on the Constitution is that the document is

flexible and capable of evolving with society.

Between 1840 and 1860, most migrants traveling west on the overland trails

found the journey to be a very communal experience.

What best describes the American Museum in New York, which opened in 1842?

freak show

Which of the following groups was NOT a significant part of the California population in the mid-1840s?

free blacks and escaped slaves

The Compromise of 1850 allowed for the admission of California as

free state, along with a strengthened fugitive slave law.

The midnight rides of Paul Revere and William Dawes were significant because they:

gave Americans at Lexington and Concord warning of the British forces' approach.

Prior to 1860, public education in the United States

gave the nation one of the highest literacy rates in the world.

The terms "lady" and "gentleman" were used for elites in colonial America, while people in the lower classes were known by the terms __________ and __________.

goodwife; goodman

The Ordinance of 1785 established a _____ system for dividing land.

grid

As a result of the gold rush, by 1850 California

had a very diverse population.

By 1860, the textile manufacturing sector of the American South

had increased threefold in value over the precious twenty years.

How did John Smith (world traveler-27 y.o.) take leadership in Jamestown? Survivors?

he promoted work and order led raids on Indian villages. Only 38 of original 144 survived. No women-no permanent stake. Disease-malaria.

On large plantations, slaveowners would employ _____, or slaves who acted as foremen.

head drivers

Short-staple cotton

helped to keep the South a predominantly agricultural region.

The Republicans in 1798 and 1799 succeeded in

helping to elevate their dispute with the Federalists to a national crisis.

A runaway slave making a successful escape from the American South was

highly unlikely.

Nonslaveholding whites who lived in backcountry areas like the Appalachians and Ozarks were known as

hill people.

Dred Scott sued his master's widow for his freedom on the grounds that

his residence in free territory had liberated him from slavery.

Southern antebellum writers often wrote

historical romances.

Immigrants going west on the great overland trails faced the least danger from

hostile Indians.

With a few exceptions, military operations by the United States between 1812 and 1815 resulted in

humiliating failures.

Northern Indian tribes had less substantial societies and depended on what:

hunting and gathering

Life in the British navy was so horrible that few sailors volunteered, so they were "__________", or forced into service.

impressed

The British army's practice of ___________ of colonists into military service led colonies to question English interference in colonial affairs.

impressment

Under the terms of the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819, Spain ceded all of Florida to the United States and gave up its claims to territory

in the Pacific Northwest.

At least three-quarters of the immigrants to the Chesapeake in the seventeenth century were

indentured servants.

Essential to the ideal of republican government was a citizenry dominated by

independent landowners.

Walt Whitman's poetry helped make _____ one of the defining ideals of antebellum America.

individualism

The growth of consumerism in the American colonies during the eighteenth century was part of a larger

industrial revolution.

What was the most powerful single stimulus for increased agricultural production?

industrialization

An important result of the development of the machine tool industry in the mid-nineteenth century was the widespread adoption of the principle of _____ parts in manufacturing.

interchangeable

The Coercive Acts were intended to _____ Massachusetts.

isolate

Poor individuals who wanted to afford the trip west were most likely to

join established groups as laborers, servants, or teachers.

By 1801, the Federalists dominated only the __________ branch of government.

judicial

Edmund Randolph of Virginia proposed a national government consisting of __________, __________, and __________ branches, which remain the three branches of government today.

judicial, legislative, and executive

Sons in New England depended on their fathers for _____, and fathers depended on their wives and daughters for _____.

land; labor

In France in the early decades of the nineteenth century, the benefits of democracy were largely restricted to

landowners and aristocrats.

In the early seventeenth century, Enlightenment ideas in America were

largely borrowed form Europe.

The Supreme Court ruling in Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842)

led to the passage of "personal liberty laws".

Alexis de Tocqueville's Democracy in America was a classic study of American

life.

The second part of the Declaration of Independence contained a:

list of crimes the king had committed.

Lord North assumed that Americans would support the Tea Act because it:

lowered the price of tea.

Before the development of the telegraph, the main form of long distance communication was the __________.

mail

Americans who responded to the Great Awakening were moved by the belief that everyone had the potential to

make a break with the past and start a new life.

Jefferson authorized the Lewis and Clark expedition to do all of the following except

map prospective areas for settlement.

Which of the following was the most likely way that slaves could earn money to buy their freedom?

marketing a skill to make additional money

summarize Pocohontas

married John Rolf, goes to England meanwhile her brother kills Rolf and 347 others 20 yrs. later Powhatan Indians defeated. London Co. defunct. James 1 revokes charter til 1776 during 17 years in Va. 8,500 settlers arrived, 80% died

When the ships of the American _________ __________ were caught between Napoleon's decrees and Britain's blockade, American control of trade between Europe and the West Indies was challenged.

merchant marine

The first effort to establish a significant _____ industry in the colonies took place in Saugus, Massachusetts.

metals

During colonial times, a relatively large number of women entered the medical profession as

midwives.

The citizen-soldiers of Massachusetts were known as:

minutemen.

What was a common feature of life in the Old Northwest?

mobility of individuals and families

Compared to the Chesapeake, the sex ratio in New England was

more balanced.

The reason most colonial households lacked even elementary tools was because

most people were too poor or too isolated to purchase them.

Fur trappers, known as "__________ __________," established themselves in the Far West.

mountain men

In the 1820s and 1830s, the government of Mexico

moved from favoring to opposing American immigration into Texas.

Central to Hamilton's financial plan was the idea of a

national bank.

In 1832, the Democrats became the first major American party to hold a

national convention.

The tremendous growth in immigration prompted the appearance among the native-born population of the fear of foreigners, a sentiment known as "__________."

nativism

The Supreme Order of the Star-Spangled Banner was an example of a __________ society.

nativist

The Hudson River school of painters emphasized in their work the importance of

natural beauty.

After the 1650s, _____ became the most important source of population growth.

natural increase

In order to practice his philosophy of withdrawing from society to live a simple life, Henry David Thoreau built a small cabin

near Walden Pond.

By the end of the 1860s, the territory of the United States included

nearly the entire territory of the current continental United States.

Unlike William Pitt, George Grenville maintained that the colonies:

needed to help pay for their own defense and administration

Many white Americans of the eighteenth century viewed the Indians as

noble savages.

In the 1850s, the issue of slavery complicated the proposal to build a transcontinental railroad, as

non-slave-owning northerners and slave-owning southerners could not agree on a route.

Who did NOT strongly support the Kansas-Nebraska Act in its final form?

northern Democrats (The act received only partial support from northern Democrats.)

The relationship of masters and slaves on medium and large plantations was

not as intimate as on small farms.

In developing his theory of __________, John C. Calhoun believed he was offering a moderate alternative to secession.

nullification

According to the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, if states decided that the federal government had exceeded its delegated powers, they had the right to "__________" the appropriate laws.

nullify

The route the Cherokees took on their removal from Georgia is now commonly known as the Trail

of Tears

The United States became the first country to _____ the new Latin American nations.

officially recognize

Regarding religion, American Slaves

often incorporated African features into their Christianity.

Travelers on the Oregon Trail

often migrated as families that practiced traditional gender divisions of labor.

Most white women in the South lived _____, which afforded them little opportunity to look beyond their familial roles.

on farms

In general, slaves had more privacy and a social realm of their own

on large plantations.

Most enslaved blacks lived

on medium- to large-size plantations.

Anne Hutchinson felt that and...Challenged assumptions about ......... What happened to her?

one could talk directly to God. role of women in Puritan society. Convicted of heresy and sedition, banished with her family. Later killed in Indian uprising.

In South Carolina nearly _____ of all slaves defected during the war.

one-third

Which of the following did the post-Revolution American system guarantee equality of?

opportunity

During the period between the duel with Hamilton in 1804 and Burr's eventual capture, Burr did all of the following except

organize an army and plot the secession of the Southwest to form a breakaway nation under his rule.

American immigrants into Oregon

outnumbered the British by the mid-1840s.

The Constitution made no mention of political _____ because most of the framers believed they were dangerous.

parties

In the 1850s, in an effort to undercut the Fugitive Slave Act, some northern states

passed laws preventing the deportation of fugitive slaves.

The Wilmot Proviso

passed the House but not the Senate.

By fostering __________, or a sense of kindly protection and security for slaves, whites reduced resistance to slavery.

paternalism

The central ideology of slavery, and the vital instrument of white control, was

paternalism.

Destitute people that were almost entirely without resources, often homeless and dependent on charity or crime, were referred to as "__________" by contemporaries.

paupers

Solitary confinement was meant to give prisoners opportunities to meditate on their wrongdoings and develop "__________."

penitence

The first issue of the New York Sun on September 3, 1833, marked the introduction of the "__________ __________," which inaugurated a new age in American Journalism.

penny press

The primary goal of the 1840s community experiment known as Brook Farm was to

permit all members to realize their full potential as individual beings.

Slave states wanted to consider slaves as both

persons and property.

The pseudoscience of __________ made inferences about individuals' intelligence and character by studying the shape of their skull.

phrenology

The common language developed by American slaves is known as

pidgin.

Typical white southerners were yeoman farmers who owned few or no slaves and were known as "_____."

plain folk

Which of the following roles was NOT among those assigned to house slaves?

planter

In an attempt to prevent the formation of dangerous factions, the Constitution made no reference to

political parties.

Almanacs were virtually the only widely read publications in America that contained

popular humor.

The plan to allow the people of each territory to decide the status of slavery in their territory was known as

popular sovereignty.

By 1828, presidential electors were elected by _____ in every state except South Carolina.

popular vote

Most whites living in the Appalachians or the Ozarks

practiced subsistence agriculture, growing most of their crops for their own use.

Which of the following best describes the participants at Kansas's 1857 constitutional convention in Lecompton?

pro-slavery forces

The Wilmot Proviso sought to

prohibit slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico.

Prior to the Civil War, the Liberty Party

promoted "free soil".

Since 1970, significant schools of thought have interpreted the American Revolution in all of the following ways, except as

proof that race is key to understanding early American phenomena.

Most affluent white southern women engaged in all of the following EXCEPT

public activities.

Taverns in the American colonies in the 1760s and 1770s were also known as:

public houses.

Even the poorest whites tended to support the plantation system because they were

raised to feel racially superior to blacks.

In 1834, Cyrus H. McCormick invented the automatic __________.

reaper

European exploration was caused by:

rebound of population from black plague, and a new, stronger government

Both Perfectionists and Shakers

redefined traditional gender roles.

What did Gov. John Winthrop create? What did the charter mean?

refuge for Puritans. meant they were not responsible to any company officials in England.

In response to the Supreme Court's decisions regarding the Cherokee Nation, President Jackson

refused to enforce the decisions.

When the Lecompton constitution was put to a vote for the first time in 1857, Kansas residents

rejected it by more than 10,000 votes.

The period between the Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party is best characterized as a time of:

relative calm.

A central element in the emergence of independent black culture was the creation of a new

religion that blended Christianity with African folklore.

To adapt to the challenges of life in the colonies, Americans quickly adopted an attitude of

religious tolerance.

Which of the following was not one of the concessions William Pitt made in the third phase of the war?

reparations for loss of life or property as a result of the fighting

What was the most important source of population increase in New England after the 1650s?

reproduction

As Americans began to build new governments after the Revolution, they agreed the governments would be

republican.

Which of the following was not one of the major decisions made by the First Continental Congress in September 1774?

resolution that the kind recognize the colonies as a single political entity

The Iron Act of 1750 did which of the following?

restricted metal processing in the colonies

Marbury v. Madison involved the legal concept of judicial _____ and the question of the Supreme Court's authority to _____ acts of Congress.

review; nullify

The foundation of the South Carolina and Georgia economies was

rice.

Republican support was strongest in

rural areas of the South and West.

By what means did the federal government finance road construction in Ohio in 1803?

sale of public land

By 1830, Texas

saw the United States unsuccessfully attempt to purchase it.

Shaker societies

saw women exercise more power than men.

In order to address the currency problem and other financial concerns, Congress chartered the __________ Bank of the United States in 1816.

second

With the emergence of the Whigs, the era know to scholars as the "__________ __________ system" had begun.

second party

The debate over the Missouri Compromise revealed a competition between _____ and _____ that threatened to tear the nation apart.

sectionalism; nationalism

The Ordinance of 1784 divided the western territory into ten

self-governing districts.

What did the VA Co. do? When the House of Burgess met for the first time what did it establish?

sent iron workers and craftsman and 100 Englishwomen for wives to Virginia Colony. Establishes representative gov't.

What did the 1786 Statute of Religious Liberty call for?

separation of church and state

Elias Howe of Massachusettes constructed a(n) __________ machine in 1846.

sewing

Though the tobacco economy was a potentially lucrative one, it was prone to

sharp drops in prices caused by increased production.

Prior to 1860, the center of economic power in the South

shifted from the upper South to the lower South.

Ways in which slaves expressed elements of their African heritage included

singing songs and playing musical instruments such as the banjo.

Which of the following determined whether an individual was subject to eighteenth-century laws limiting the rights of blacks?

skin color

Northerners accused southerners of engaging in a "_____" to impose aristocratic, agrarian ideals on the rest of the nation.

slave power conspiracy

Northerners who accepted the concepts of "free soil" and "free labor" believed

slavery was dangerous not because of what it did to blacks, but because of what it did to whites.

In the Chesapeake, indentured servitude was replaced by African __________.

slaves

Which of the following groups was not a strong supporter of the Whigs?

small farmers in the West who had migrated from the South

Most Americans in the post-Revolutionary period believed that a republic should be relatively

small.

Under English common law, unmarried women had

some legal rights.

The majority of students attending the South's several hundred colleges and universities were

sons of wealthy planters.

The transcendentalists viewed nature as a

source of deep personal inspiration.

Which of the following best describes the majority of Americans who settled in Mexico in the 1820s?

southern cotton farmers and slaves

In Worcester v. Georgia (1832), the Marshall Court defined the Indian tribes as _____ in much the same way that Georgia was.

sovereign entities

Madison's greatest achievement in shaping the Constitution was answering questions of

sovereignty and limits on power.

The purpose of John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry had been to

spark a slave uprising.

Through the musical tradition of the __________, Africans in America expressed both their religious faith and their hopes for freedom in song.

spiritual

By embracing the philosophy of the __________ system, the Jackson administration established elected officials' right to appoint their followers to public office.

spoils

The Great Compromise answered the question of representation by determining that

states would be represented on the basis of population in the lower house.

Advocated of _____ rights, especially in the South, continued to challenge Marshall Court rulings such as Cohens v. Virginia (1821).

states'

In 1836, a "distribution" act required the federal government to pay its surplus funds to the

states.

A new era in river transportation began in the summer of 1807 with the launch of a(n) __________ called the Clermont on the Hudson River.

steamboat

The Currency Act of 1764 required the colonial assemblies to:

stop issuing paper currency.

Prior to the Civil War, free blacks in the North tended to be

strongly opposed to southern slavery.

Of the following, the most common form of resistance to slavery was

subtle defiance.

What did George Washington do in the summer of 1754 at Fort Necessity?

surrender to the French

In Massachusetts, _____ became increasingly important centers of resistance in the 1760's and 1770's.

taverns

The Stamp Act unified the colonies because it:

taxed everyone

Which of the following changed most during the "age of Jackson"?

the American electorate

In defining a place for the Indian tribes within the American political system, the Marshall Court did something _____ had not.

the Constitution

In the 1820s the Republican Party split and two new parties emerged. Which of these two parties leaned toward the old Jeffersonian vision of a decentralized nation?

the Democratic Republican Party

The first phase of the French and Indian War began when:

the French attacked Fort Necessity.

When it came to the issue of the extension of slavery, President James K. Polk favored extension of

the Missouri Compromise line.

Following John Brown's 1859 raid on Harpers Ferry, many southerners assumed

the North was dominated by people intent on destroying the South.

The preeminent maritime power, led by Henry the Navigator:

the Portuguese

Which river marked the southern border of the disputed territory?

the Rio Grande.

France had surrendered its North American territories east of the Mississippi River to Great Britain after _____, and by 1800 most of those lands had become part of the United States.

the Seven Years' War

The French and Indian War was part of a larger struggle between England and France called:

the Seven Years' War.

The historian who wrote "The South grew, but did not develop" prior to the Civil War meant

the South had failed to move from an agrarian to an industrial economy.

The dispute over the Oregon boundary was primarily between which nations?

the United States and Britain.

Jefferson persuaded Congress to appropriate funds for an expanded army and construction of a river fleet while deliberately giving Napoleon the impression that

the United States might form an alliance with Great Britain and attack New Orleans.

What was the primary motivating factor for the United States going to war with Mexico in the 1840s?

the United States' desire to claim both New Mexico and California.

American merchants defied the English Navigation Acts by developing markets in

the West Indies.

Which of the following did NOT compel southerners to support the pro-slavery argument?

the antislavery ruling in the Dred Scott case

Concerns over _____ motivated the development of a rigid system of slavery in the early eighteenth century.

the availability of labor

Which of Hamilton's financial program proposals met with the most objections and resistance?

the bank bill

Which of the following events caused the Mexican government to negotiate a peace treaty with the United States in 1847?

the capture of Mexico City.

The Archaic Period refers to:

the early history of humans in America starting in 8000 B.C.

In Johnson v. McIntosh (1823), the Marshall Court ruled that Indians had a basic right to their tribal lands and that only _____ had the right to acquire those lands from them.

the federal government

U. S. diplomatic representatives Robert Livingston and James Monroe were at first hesitant to consider making a treaty for the purchase of the Louisiana Territory because

the government had not authorized them to do so.

In the late eighteenth century, every state byt Georgia and South Carolina passed laws prohibiting

the importance of slaves

One reason that the African American population in 1800-1830 increased more slowly than the white population was that

the importation of slaves became illegal in 1808.

The question of statehood for Kansas and Nebraska became a critical issue because of

the issue of slavery.

Before revisions were made to state laws in the 1830s, slaves could be set free by

the master's will after the master died.

Although Jefferson was unable to entirely eliminate _____, he did cut it almost in half during his presidency.

the national debt

Native American religion focused on what:

the natural world

What was the Lord of Trades? Because of their defiance to Navigation Acts what happened in 1684?

the new body to make recommendations for imperial reform a move to increase control over MA. and strip it of authority of NH. Chartered separate colony. revoked their charter

Madison and the framers of the Constitution believed that ultimate sovereignty came from

the people.

Childrearing was a particular burden for southern white women because

the rate of infant mortality was significantly higher than elsewhere.

The first major challenge to American neutrality began in 1793, when

the revolutionary French government went to war with Great Britain, putting commercial relations between the Americas and the British at risk.

The term "middle passage" refers to

the route from Africa to the New World--the second leg of the triangular trade.

Northern merchants and workers believed the depression of the late 1850s was the result of

the unsound policies of southern-controlled Democratic administrations.

Burr's actions in the West and their outcome illustrated

the vulnerability of a vast nation with a weak central government and ambitions politicians.

Where did the Scotch-Irish who immigrated to North America tend to settle?

the western edges of the frontier

The Confederation's greatest success was its resolution of controversies over

the western frontier.

Popular nineteenth-century American painting aimed to capture

the wonder and awe of rugged, wild landscapes.

Colonial Americans placed high value on education despite

their difficulties in gaining access to educational resources.

The delegates to the Second Continental Congress were in agreement on:

their support for the was against England.

The events at Lexington and Concord are most significant because:

they marked the beginning of the American Revolution.

Why did the Count de Vergennes decide to back the American rebels in their fight with the British?

to advance French interests by weakening the British

Which of the following was the most important task of the first Congress in 1789?

to draft a bill of rights

What was the main intent of the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions?

to justify action by the states against the federal government

What was the primary reason nearly every state revised or rewrote its constitution by the late 1780s?

to produce more stability in government

By the 1830s, the center of __________ cultivation was moving westward into the Piedmont area, while the farmers of Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina shifted to other crops.

tobacco

In response to the development of mass-production methods that threatened their livelihoods, skilled workers of the 1820s and 1830s began to organize __________ __________ as institutions to promote their interests in the workplace.

trade unions

In the Great Awakening, the terms "Old Light" and "New Light" referred to

traditionalists and revivalists.

By the time of the Civil War, cotton constituted nearly _____ of the total export trade of the United States.

two-thirds

Cotton represented about _____ of the total export trade of the United States by the time of the Civil War.

two-thirds

The supreme court of Massachusetts, in Commonwealth v. Hunt, declared in 1842 that

unions were lawful organizations.

The philosophies of __________ and __________ began as religious skepticism but grew into a strong movement that rejected Calvinist predetermination and the Trinity.

unitarianism; universalism

The Grenville program succeeded in:

uniting colonists in opposition to the British government.

Which best describes the route of the Lewis and Clark expedition?

up the Missouri River from St. Louis, Missouri, and across the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Northwest and the coast

Which of the following was NOT an idea Walt Whitman celebrated in his work?

urban living

According the medical theory of "humoralism," all of the following are bodily fluids that contain "humors" except

urine.

The British adhered to _____ representation, whereby everyone had a voice in Parliament, even if they had no elected representation.

virtual

In his youth, Ralph Waldo Emerson

was a Unitarian minister, until he left the clergy in 1832.

The 1856 beating of Charles Sumner on the floor of the United States Senate

was a vicious assault carried out by a member of Congress.

The Stamp Act of 1765 angered colonists more than other British acts because it:

was an attempt to raise money rather than regulate commerce.

In the early nineteenth century, the American Colonization Society

was founded by white Virginians opposed to slavery.

Tobacco cultivation in the antebellum South

was gradually moving westward.

In 1844, Whig Party candidate Henry Clay lost the presidential election because he

was noncommittal toward annexing Texas.

In the mid-nineteenth century, the general European attitude toward American art and literature

was that American artists had little to offer Europe.

During the first half of the nineteenth century, the "cotton kingdom"

was the dominant source of the income of the lower South.

James Buchanan

weakly endorsed the Dred Scott decision, supported the admission of Kansas as a slave state, and pressured Congress to admit Kansas under the Lecompton constitution.

Which of the following groups had the greatest access to higher education in 1800?

wealthy white males

Rice and sugar production in the antebellum South

were concentrated in a relatively small geographic area.

Prior to 1860, southern women differed from northern women in that southern women

were expected to be more subordinate to men.

Southern whites who did not own slaves

were largely dependent on the plantation economy.

One reason that nonslaveholding whites living amid the plantation system accepted slavery was that they

were often closely related to the wealthier planters who did own slaves.

Agricultural areas in New York, Pennsylvania, and the Connecticut River valley supplied much of the colonies'

wheat.

Under what circumstances were slaves able to develop a society and culture of their own?

when they lived in larger communities.

Which of the following best describes Americans who qualified to vote prior to the 1820s?

white property owners

In the election of 1860,

white southerners concluded their position in the Union was hopeless.

Both the French and the English knew that the struggle to control North America would be determined in large part by:

winning the allegiance of the native peoples.

Jefferson and the Republicans worked to reverse the trend whereby _____ had nearly tripled between 1793 and 1800.

yearly federal expenditures

In the second phase of congressional debate over the Compromise of 1850, the majority of speakers were

young congressmen who used economic arguments for or against slavery.