History- midterm quizzes 1-5

Harari spends some time describing the foraging lifestyle. Which of the following best describes its main characteristic? Groups of humans planted crops in various places and harvested them over the course of the year Groups of humans moved around over the year to gather different kinds of food resources Individuals humans left their permanent villages to procure and bring food back to the group Groups of humans lived in permanent villages and gathered food resources within 10 miles of the village

Groups of humans moved around over the year to gather different kinds of food resources

Which member of our genus (Homo) evolved into a much smaller frame (around 3.5 feet high), in order to deal with an environment poor in resources? Homo floresiensis Homo erectus Homo neanderthalensis Homo rudolfensis

Homo floresiensis

According to the video "The Geography of the Ice Age," how many major glaciations (ice ages) have humans experienced in their 200,000 years on the planet? 2 4 1 7

2

According to lecture on Thursday, January 26, the P-T Event killed roughly what percentage of biological families (i.e. life on earth)? 1% 4% 10% 60%

60%

Which person was the first to theorize moving continents, based on his experience as a meteorologist in a hot air balloon? Alfred Wegener Louis Leakey Jared Diamond Yuval Harari

Alfred Wegener

What was the first island "conquered" by Sapiens roughly 45,000 years ago? Madagascar Crete Australia Antarctica

Australia

According to Harari, what were some of the first food types domesticated? Nuts Cereal grains Fruit Trees Tubers

Cereal grains

According to lecture on Tuesday, February 21, what is the name of the earliest culture in north America that produced fluted points? Merovingian Culture Clovis Culture Carolingian Culture Merevech Culture

Clovis Culture

What two "myths" does Harari analyze as examples of documents that create a shared myth that governed thousands of Homo sapiens? Birth of Venus and Escape from LA Gilgamesh and the UN Charter Code of Hammurabi and Declaration of Independence Genesis and the Battle of Cattulonian Fields

Code of Hammurabi and Declaration of Independence

According to lecture on Tuesday, February 7, what species represented the first member of the new family of apes? Homo erectus Tetrapod Dryopithecus Spinolestes

Dryopithecus

According to Harari, what is the main ingredient that allows American teenagers to play a game of basketball? a shared set of ideas about basketball feet to jump hands to dribble a ball and a rim

a shared set of ideas about basketball feet to jump

According to Harari, what is a "full script?" a system of material signs that can represent spoken language completely a system of sounds that represent written ideas a system of braids used to collect taxes a system of material signs that represent mathematical ideas

a system of material signs that can represent spoken language completely

Harari argues that not so long ago there were several different members of our genus (Homo) living around the earth. Which member of our genus seems to have lived the longest duration (about 2 million years) as a species? Homo erectus Homo sapiens Homo rudolfensis Homo neanderthalensis

homo erectus

According to the video "The Geography of the Ice Age," why was the Beringia Land Bridge important for our species? humans migrated to Australia on it humans migrated to Asia on it humans migrated to Indonesia on it humans migrated to North America on it

humans migrated to North America on it

According to lecture on Tuesday, February 7, the distribution of what element across the surface of the earth reflects evidence of the K-T Event? hydrogen iridium radium electrum

iridium

According to the video "The Geography of the Ice Age," why did an ice sheet form in eastern Eurasia, in modern Siberia? it is too wet tectonic fracturing it is removed from water there were too many volcanoes

it is removed from water

How did Sapiens migrate from Afro-Eurasia to the Americas, two continents now separated by oceans? land bridge riding sea creatures blown there by hurricane boats

land bridge

According to lecture on Thursday, February 9, what was the name of the famous Australopithecine fossil that yielded numerous bones and was found in close proximity to fossilized footprints? Sharon Rita Hank Lucy

lucy

Harari argues that once humans had developed an agricultural lifestyle, there was a particular reason very few groups of humans gave that lifestyle up for alternatives. What concept did Harari point to describe the persistence of agricultural living? social fabric luxury trap common good labor inertia

luxury trap

What adaptation followed from humans losing their hair, as a means to cope with increased exposure to sun? extra dermis melanin clothing eyebrows

melanin

According to Harari, what was one of the first signs of the cognitive revolution among Homo sapiens? migration out of Africa writing cities invention of the spear

migration out of Africa

What is different about the language of Homo sapiens, relative to other animals? our language contains a huge amount of information our language is based on sound our language has volume change our language is only used while we are awake

our language contains a huge amount of information

According to lecture on Thursday, February 16, what process do most animals use to communicate with their hair? tensile stretching dander ejection piloprojection piloerection

piloerection

According to lecture on Thursday, February 9, the precise reasons why Australopithecines became bipedal, or walked on two feet, is uncertain. However, comparative analysis of living relatives suggests that bipedalism was good for what in particular? running fast running nimbly, on balance leaping over small streams running efficiently

running efficiently

According to lecture on Thursday, January 26, how did proto-mammals like Spinolestes respond to the rise of dinosaurs on earth? increased in size and grew long fangs increased speed and climbing abilities shrank in size and moved underground grew longer tails for battle

shrank in size and moved underground

Harari points to three points in History when major changes occurred. He calls these "revolutions." He says that the scientific revolution starting 500 years ago and the agricultural revolution about 12,000 years ago were the two latest. What was the first? the cognitive revolution about 70,000 years ago the green revolution about 50 years ago the germ revolution about 200 years ago the urban revolution about 2000 years ago

the cognitive revolution about 70,000 years ago

According to Yuval Harar's book, Sapiens, agricultural people thought more about what concept as a function of how their relationship with food worked, relative to their foraging predecessors? the past the future the present the afterlife

the future

According to lecture on Thursday, January 26, what form of life emerged from the Triassic Explosion with characteristics resembling those of mammals, such as hair, varied teeth, and a warm blooded body? tetrapods dinosaurs therapsids archosaurs

therapsids

According to Harari, what "function" do hierarchies serve? to create a more just society to exert physical violence they enable strangers to know how to treat one another to generate surplus

they enable strangers to know how to treat one another

During the period when Homo sapiens were foragers, we lived our lives with very few things; Harari says, their lives "were conducted without the help of artifacts." Why did we keep so few things? they were incapable of producing things they had not created a proper form of inheritance they moved around monthly, weekly, and sometimes daily their brains had not evolved to accept material reality

they moved around monthly, weekly, and sometimes daily

According to lecture on Tuesday, February 7, the K-T Event allowed mammals to leave subterranean ecologies and inhabit where? trees steppe rivers desert

trees

According to the video "The Biogeography of the Ice Ages," which two geographies expanded the most during the last ice age? deciduous forest and rainforest tundra and desert rainforest and desert marsh and tundra

tundra and desert

According to lecture on Thursday, January 26, the P-T Event was caused by what? volcanic eruptions lightening strikes tidal waves asteroid

volcanic eruptions

According to lecture on Tuesday, February 21, what drew humans across Siberia into north America? Sabertooth Tiger Wooly Mammoth Giant Sloth Great Bison

wooly mammoth

How did the arrival of Sapiens affect the ecology of the Americas? Megafauna nearly destroyed Sapiens in the Americas Sapiens destroyed all avian life in the Americas An equilibrium was quickly reached Sapiens destroyed the majority of megafauna in the Americas

Sapiens destroyed the majority of megafauna in the Americas

According to lecture on Tuesday, February 21, what is the name of the earliest evidence for hunting among a human species? Provosts's Poles Schoenegen Spears Schneider's Snipe Butcher's Buckle

Schoenegen Spears

In order to accommodate childbirth of a species with huge heads, Homo sapiens have "early birth," which means a human baby is massively under-developed at birth, relative to other animals. According to Harari, the problem of "early birth" has led to some extraordinary abilities among our species. What extraordinary ability do Homo sapiens have because of "early birth?" Belligerence--we fight in deadly ways to keep babies alive Balance--we learn to run with babies in our arms Social abilities--we cooperate as a species to raise children Speaking--we use speech patterns to communicate danger

Social abilities--we cooperate as a species to raise children

Most genus, like those including lions and sharks, evolved slowly to become apex predators. Genus Homo, on the other hand, had a very quick ascent. What "tool" led to the quick change in the status of genus Homo, from quiet scavenger, to great killer? fire ax spear bow and arrow

fire

According to Harari, which of the following is an example of "collective imagination?" Peugot Car Company Trees Lions Rivers

Peugot Car Company

According to Yuval Harari's book, Sapiens, was the adoption of agriculture immediately (among the first few generations) a healthy choice for societies that made that transition in terms of life expectancy and general health? No, agricultural societies were relatively malnourished in the first few generations Yes, agricultural societies had more and better food than hunter/gatherers

No, agricultural societies were relatively malnourished in the first few generations

According to the video "The Geography of the Ice Age," where were the two largest ice sheets during the last glacial maximum (excluding Antarctica)? South America and Australia North America and Eurasia Africa and Eurasia North America and South America

North America and Eurasia

According to lecture on Thursday, January 26, the P-T Boundary about 250 years ago represents a geological shift otherwise known as what? The Great Dying The Species Multiplier A New Hope The Great Explosion

The great dying

Why, according to Harari, do so few animals develop large brains, the way Homo sapiens did? they demand much fuel they make a species difficult to balance they add much weight they make running awkward

They demand much fuel

According to lecture on Tuesday, February 14, Jane Goodall's research on chimpanzees, and David Greybeard in particular, showed that many alpha males exhibited what kind of skills? peacocking or showing off alliance forming physical violence targeted aggression

alliance forming

According to Harari, how were the ancient Sumerians able to transcend the memory limitations of the human brain? by splitting their society into 4 equal parts by building pyramids by inventing new agricultural tools by inventing writing

by inventing writing

Where was the earliest evidence for controlled fire by humans discovered? cave river bed forest mountain top

cave

According to the video "The Biogeography of the Ice Ages," what factor led to the larger-bodied forms known as mega-fauna? drier temperatures selected for water retention warmer temperatures selected for large herbivores wetter temperatures selected for lighter body mass colder temperatures selected for higher body mass

colder temperatures selected for higher body mass

According to lecture on Thursday, February 9, what development accounts for the remarkable transition from Australopithecines to Homo erectus, which saw an explosion in brain size, yet a reduction in jaw size and teeth size? spear throwing eating vegetables fishing in rivers cooking with fire

cooking with fire

What informed the idea of a caste-based hierarchy in ancient India? physical violence creation myths intelligence tests biological differences

creation myths

According to the video "The Biogeography of Ice Ages," why is the Congo rainforest among the least biodiverse rainforests in the world today? during the last ice age, it was a huge forest that wrapped up into north Africa across the Sahara Desert during the last ice age, it was a small forest, not capable of preserving a huge range of life during the last ice age, the Congo basin was entirely under water during the last ice age, it was struck by a meteorite

during the last ice age, it was a small forest, not capable of preserving a huge range of life