History Midterm Study Guide
Which statement best reflects the values of the social gospel movement? a. "Survival of the fittest is the key to all progress." b. "A woman's place is in the home." c. "Feed the hungry and comfort the sick." d. "Workers of the world, unite!"
"Feed the hungry and comfort the sick."
What does this quotation mean? "How we live is so different from how we ought to live that he who studies what ought to be done rather than what is done will learn the way to his downfall rather than to his preservation."—Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince 1) A successful ruler must be observant and practical, not idealistic 2) A successful ruler must be idealistic to overcome his opponents 3) A successful ruler must consult his teachers to make decisions 4) A successful ruler knows that his enemies will defer to him
A successful ruler must be observant and practical, not idealistic.
"Manufacturing and commercial monopolies owe their origin not to a tendency [naturally found in a] capitalist economy but to governmental interventionist policy directed against free trade and laissez-faire." -Ludwig Von Mises, Austrian economist This quote by a modern economist reflects the ideas of which of the following Enlightenment thinkers? 1) Adam Smith 2) Jean-Jacques Rousseau 3) John Locke 4) Denis Diderot
Adam Smith
Which inventor's work is shown in use in this photograph? (the picture shows something exploding) a. James Watt b. Alfred Nobel c. Henry Bessemer d. John D. Rockefeller
Alfred Nobel
Which statement best describes the concept of popular sovereignty? 1) Government power should be divided between individual states and a federal government. 2) All government power ultimately derives from the consent of the people being governed. 3) The authority to rule comes directly from God. 4) All people are born with natural rights that cannot be taken away.
All government power ultimately derives from the consent of the people being governed
Why did Austria shift alliances in the mid-1700s? 1) Austria sought to create a united German state. 2) Austria began to see Prussia as a greater threat than France. 3) Austria saw Prussia as an ally against the Ottomans. 4) Austria was afraid of Britain was an expanding power.
Austria began to see Prussia as a greater threat than France
Why was the industrialization of Belgium significant? a. Belgium quickly became the leading industrial power in Europe. b. Belgium was the first country to apply steam power to transportation. c. Belgium developed the corporation as a means of raising capital. d. Belgium broke Britain's monopoly on industrial technology.
Belgium broke Britain's monopoly on industrial technology
The empire shown on this map might have grown even larger if it had not been for a. the Continental System. b. British naval power. c. the Reign of Terror. d. the Congress of Vienna.
British naval power
Which sentence best describes the scene depicted here? (picture shows a man being crowned by church leaders and politicians) 1) Charles V is converting to Catholicism. 2) Charles V is uniting Spain into a single kingdom. 3) Charles V is assuming rule over the Hapsburg empire. 4) Charles V is abdicating the throne.
Charles V is assuming rule over the Hapsburg empire
Who said this about the Taínos who lived in the West Indies? "Artless and generous . . . to such a degree as no one would believe but him who had seen it. Of anything they have, if it be asked for, they never say no, but do rather invite the person to accept it, and show as much lovingness as though they would give their hearts . . ." 1) Christopher Columbus 2) Vasco de Gama 3) Affonso I 4) Ferdinand Magellan
Christopher Columbus
Which statement is true about European conquests in the Americas? 1) When Columbus first arrived in the West Indies, he was faced with the hostility of the Taino people. 2) Columbus's men assaulted Taíno men and women and claimed their land for Spain. 3) After Columbus's encounter, no Spanish conquerors explored the Americas. 4) The Spanish invaders did not have enough weapons to conquer the Native Americans.
Columbus's men assaulted Taíno men and women and claimed their land for Spain
The painting depicts ships near Table Bay close to Cape Town in the 1600s; the ships most likely belong to the.... 1) French 2) Spanish 3) Dutch 4) Italians
Dutch
On September 8, 1522, nearly three years after setting out, the survivors— one ship and 18 sailors—reached Spain. The survivors had been the first people to circumnavigate, or to sail around, the world. Antonio Pigafetta, one of the few survivors of the expedition, observed: "I believe of a certainty that no one will ever again make such a voyage." Which statement is true about the voyage referenced in the text? 1) Ferdinand Magellan and the other survivors returned to Spain in 1521. 2) During the expedition, Ferdinand Magellan and the sailors took nearly three weeks to cross the Pacific and reach the Spice Islands. 3) Ferdinand Magellan was killed in the Philippines when the fleet reached there in 1521. 4) Ferdinand Magellan returned to Spain after reaching South America, while the rest of the sailors decided to push across the Pacific to the East Indies.
Ferdinand Magellan was killed in the Philippines when the fleet reached there in 1521.
How did France change under the National Assembly? a. The French countryside dissolved into violence. b. Order and peace were restored in Paris. c. France became a republic. d. France became a constitutional monarchy.
France became a republic
"The people rushed against the place . . . They took all the arms, discharged the prisoners and such of the garrison as were not killed in the first moment of fury, carried the Governor and Lieutenant governor to the Greve, cut off their heads, and set them through the city in triumph to the Palais royal." The event Thomas Jefferson is describing in this passage was the immediate cause of the 1) French Revolution 2) execution of King Charles I 3) signing of the Declaration of Independence 4) Reign of Terror
French Revolution
Peace of Westphalia -1648 series of treaties -France gains territory -Netherlands gain independence Which choice correctly completes the chart? 1) German states remain divided 2) Power of Hapsburgs increases 3) Thirty Years' War begins 4) Swiss Federation is dissolved
German states remain divided
What event revolutionized the way people accessed and consumed ideas and information during the Renaissance? 1) Raphael's engraving technology led to mass produced art. 2) Gutenberg invented a printing press with movable type. 3) Erasmus called for the Bible to be printed in the vernacular. 4) Shakespeare popularized literature by re-energizing the theater.
Gutenberg invented with printing press with movable type
How did Philip II influence the art of Spain's golden age? 1) He was skilled at drawing and painting. 2) He gave work only to Spanish-born artists. 3) He ruled that all art depict religious subjects. 4) He provided financial support to artists.
He provided financial support to artists.
In what way did George III impact the British government? 1) He imposed policies the strengthened Britain's empire. 2) He tried to make Parliament bend to his will. 3) He worked closely with Parliament and the cabinet. 4) He was unable to appoint his own ministers.
He tried to make Parliament bend to his will
Which region in Europe was most religiously divided? a. Norway and Sweden b. Holy Roman Empire c. England and France d. Poland and Italy
Holy Roman Empire
How does the quotation connect to the Renaissance principle of humanism? "Walk forwards in the radiance of the past."—Petrarch 1) Humanity has already gained all knowledge and must return to it 2) Humanity progresses by building upon past knowledge 3) Humanity draws comfort from the achievements of past thinkers 4) Humanity must abandon the limited thinking of ancient cultures
Humanity progresses by building upon past knowledge
Which thinker is credited with establishing the basic principles of physics, including natural laws that govern gravity and motion? a. Robert Boyle b. Francis Bacon c. René Descartes d. Isaac Newton
Isaac Newton
How do the engravements of German artist Albrecht Durer expand upon the work done by Italian Renaissance artists? 1) It blends anatomical realism with religious themes. 2) It explores and honors heroic classical figures. 3) It advocates for religious reform by depicting religious upheaval. 4) It applies new subject matter in the new medium of engraving.
It blends anatomical realism with religious themes.
How does Shakespeare's play, Julius Caesar, reflect central literary themes common throughout the Renaissance? 1) It honors the scholarly achievements and cultural glory of a utopian society. 2) It advocates for political and religious reform through the use of realism. 3) It explores universal human themes and portrays classical figures and subjects. 4) It analyzes the politics of achieving political power in empires.
It explores universal human themes and portrays classical figures and subjects.
Why was the Battle of Saratoga a turning point in the American Revolution? 1) It was a major setback that forced the Americans to retreat. 2) It convinced the Continental Congress to declare independence. 3) It forced the British to surrender, ending the war. 4) It persuaded other nations to ally themselves with the American colonists.
It persuaded other nations to ally themselves with the American colonists
How does this image best show a result of the Columbian Exchange? A painting features Native Americans on horseback, holding native spears and bow and arrows. 1) It shows Native Americans stricken by diseases brought to the Americas by Europeans. 2) It shows horses brought to the Americas from Europe being adapted by Native Americans. 3) It shows Native Americans preparing for a voyage to Europe. 4) It shows weapons brought to the Americas from Europe being adapted by Native Americans.
It shows horses brought to the Americas from Europe being adapted by Native Americans.
What is most likely the reason this engraving by Paul Revere of the Boston Massacre inflamed public opinion against the British? 1) It shows that the colonists were outnumbered. 2) It shows that the colonists provoked the British soldiers. 3) It shows the colonists firing on the soldiers. 4) It shows the colonists as unarmed victims of an attack.
It shows the colonists as unarmed victims of an attack
In what way did the Congress of Vienna try to limit French ambition? a. It surrounded France with strong countries. b. It created a multinational army to stop future French aggression. c. It kept France from participating in the Congress. d. It let France keep the territory it had conquered during the Napoleonic Wars.
It surrounded France with strong countries
Devastated by the two invasions, Korean rulers adopted a policy of isolation, excluding foreigners except the Chinese and a few Japanese. When European sailors were shipwrecked on Korean shores, they were imprisoned and held as spies. Which country carried out one of the invasions in Korea discussed in the text?
Japan
Which is the best example of a monarch supporting Enlightenment reform? 1) Catherine the Great expanding Russia's empire. 2) Frederick the Great inviting Voltaire to Prussia. 3) Maria Theresa modernizing the Austrian government. 4) Joseph II abolishing serfdom in Austria.
Joseph II abolishing serfdom in Austria
"In place of the bourgeois society, with its classes and class antagonisms, we shall have an association, in which the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all." Who was the most likely author of the above quotation? a. David Ricardo b. Jeremy Bentham c. Adam Smith d. Karl Marx
Karl Marx
What prompted Martin Luther to take the actions described in the quotation? "I have cast the die. . . . I will not reconcile myself to them [the Roman Catholic Church] for all eternity. . . . Let them condemn and burn all that belongs to me; in return I will do as much for them. . . . Now I no longer fear, and I am publishing a book in the German tongue about Christian reform, directed against the pope, in language as violent as if I were addressing the Antichrist."—Martin Luther, 1520 1) the excommunication of Luther by Pope Leo X 2) Luther's rejection of papal authority and his refusal to recant 3) the distribution of the provocative 95 Theses 4) the spread of the printed bible in the vernacular
Luther's rejection of papal authority and his refusal to recant
This chart lists a sequence of events that may not be in the correct order. Olaudah Equiano was seized from his Nigerian village by slave traders > Jacques Cartier began exploring the coastline of eastern Canada, eventually discovering the St. Lawrence River > Magellan's ships entered a bay at the southern tip of South America > Manchus invaded Korea. Which event should be listed correctly as the first event in the sequence?
Magellan's ships entered a bay at the southern tip of South America.
------- is a policy by which a nation sought to export more than it imported in order to build its supply of gold and silver. 1) Mercantilism 2) Communism 3) Socialism 4) Capitalism
Mercantilism
Electricity Costumers in England and Wales 1920-.9 million 1930- 3.5 million 1940- 9.6 million 1950- 12 million 1960- 15.5 million 1970- 18.3 million 1980- 20.3 million The trend shown in this chart can be traced back to an invention by a. Michael Faraday. b. Henry Ford. c. Henry Bessemer. d. James Watt.
Michael Faraday
The United States Capitol dome was inspired by the dome of the Pantheon, built in ancient Rome. Which Renaissance architect was also inspired by the Pantheon's dome? a. Leon Alberti b. Filippo Brunelleschi c. Donatello d. Michelangelo
Michelangelo
The painting depicts a scene from the rich __________ empire in India, which was established by Muslim leaders. A painting depicts a rich man holding a falcon. 1) Asante 2) Qing 3) Mughal 4) Denkyira
Mughal
What is significant about the event depicted here? a. Napoleon is acknowledging that his power comes from the people of France. b. Napoleon is relinquishing his authority to the Church. c. Napoleon is asserting he is the source of his own authority. d. Napoleon is rejecting the notion of absolute monarchy.
Napoleon is asserting he is the source of his own authority
"The first object which saluted my eyes when I arrived on the coast was the sea, and a slave ship which was then riding at anchor and waiting for its cargo. These filled me with astonishment, which was soon converted into terror when I was carried on board." The speaker, who was seized from a Nigerian village at the age of 11 by slave traders, is 1) Osei Tutu 2) Almany of Futa Toro 3) Affonso I 4) Olaudah Equiano
Olaudah Equiano
The ---- empire, which began as a relatively small forest kingdom, arose from successive waves of settlement by the Yoruba people of present-day Nigeria. 1) Asante 2) Mughal 3) Oyo 4) Ming
Oyo
Which statement is true in the context of European exploration in Asia? 1) Spain was the first European power to gain a foothold in Asia. 2) Portugal seized the island of Goa, making it their major military and commercial base. 3) For most of the 1500s, Portugal could not control the spice trade between Europe and Asia. 4) Italy was the first European country to challenge Portuguese domination of Asian trade in the 1500s.
Portugal seized the island of Goa, making it their major military and commercial base.
The portrait depicts ________, who sponsored the Portugal exploration. A portrait depicts a man praying.
Prince Henry
Instead of granting Macartney's trade requests, the Chinese asserted that their empire was self-sufficient and that they granted the little trade that they did only as a special favor. The emperor and his court considered Macartney's presents to be "tribute presents" and the whole mission was viewed imperially as one of "submission." Which ruler was responsible for the failure of the Macartney mission described in this text? 1) Kangxi 2) Affonso I 3) Qianlong 4) Tokugawa
Qianlong
Identify the person responsible for bringing stability after the religious turmoil that resulted in the formation of the Anglican Church of England. a. King Henry VIII b. Pope Leo X c. Martin Luther d. Queen Elizabeth
Queen Elizabeth
What conclusion is best supported by this map? a. The use of canals died out in England. b. Railroads offered advantages over canals for transportation of goods. c. By 1920, every city in England had access to railroads. d. England had the most extensive transportation system in Europe.
Railroads offered advantages over canals for transportation of goods
What happened after John Calvin formed offshoot of Protestant Lutheranism? a. Individual liberties are threatened as northern European societies transform into Protestant theocracies. b. Christian unity collapses, bringing a new political order that is divided between East and West. c. Religious conflict spreads across Europe, bringing an era of change and upheaval. d. The Peasant's Revolt and the Peace of Augsburg settle religious differences in Europe.
Religious conflict spreads across Europe, bringing an era of change and upheaval.
The following quotation from a twentieth century dictator reflects the values and beliefs of what theory that emerged during the Industrial Age? "Truly, this earth is a trophy cup for the industrious man. And this rightly so, in the service of natural selection. He who does not possess the force to secure his Lebensraum [territory or space] in this world, and, if necessary, to enlarge it, does not deserve to possess the necessities of life. He must step aside and allow stronger peoples to pass him by." —Adolf Hitler a. Utopian Socialism b. Communism c. Social Darwinism d. Utilitarianism
Social Darwinism
How did the Directory's actions ultimately lead to the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte? a. The Directory wanted to restore the monarchy. b. The Directory was well regarded by the population. c. The Directory had supported the Reign of Terror. d. The Directory was weak and corrupt.
The Directory was weak and corrupt
This chart lists a sequence of events that may not be in the correct order. The treaty of Tordesillas was signed > The Dutch built Cape Town > Ferdinand Magellan set out from Spain with five ships to find a way to reach the Pacific > Columbus returned to Spain Which should be listed correctly as the last event in the sequence?
The Dutch built Cape Town
A map of Africa shows major slave trading regions in patches along the western coast, one section each at the southern tip and eastern coast, with vast regions along the northern coast. Asante and Oyo are located along the southern coast of the western section of Africa. What can be inferred about the slave trade in Africa? 1) The Europeans had more footholds on coastal Africa than the inland areas. 2) Most of the slave trade took place in the interior of Africa rather than near the coast. 3) Rwanda and Burundi were two of the most important slave trade centers. 4) The Oyo empire did not allow for slave trade.
The Europeans had more footholds on coastal Africa than the inland areas.
Read the statement by James 1. How was this idea related to the Glorious Revolution? "The state of Monarchy is the supremest thing upon earth; for kings are not only God's lieutenants upon earth and sit upon God's throne, but even by God himself they are called gods...Kings are justly called gods for that they exercise a manner or resemblance of Divine power upon earth...And to the King is due both the affection of the soul and the service of the body of his subjects." 1) Statements such as this one by James I were a direct cause of the Glorious Revolution. 2) James I made this statement to express his opposition to the Glorious Revolution. 3) Both the statement and the Glorious Revolution supported the idea of absolute monarchy. 4) The Glorious Revolution was a rejection of ideas like those expressed by James I.
The Glorious Revolution was a rejection of ideas like those expressed by James I
The art of the Qing dynasty, even the painting of many of its finest eccentrics and the design of its best gardens, is similarly characterized both by lavish decoration and ornate effects as well as by superb technique and conservative taste.Which non-Chinese group contributed to establishing the dynasty discussed in this text?
The Manchus
Which statement is true about Portuguese exploration? 1) The exploration ended after the death of Prince Henry in 1460. 2) The Portuguese were attacked and defeated by Muslim Traders on the East African coast. 3) The Portuguese explored the interiors of Africa and established footholds. 4) The Portuguese found a trade route through the Indian Ocean to Asia.
The Portuguese found a trade route through the Indian Ocean to Asia
Why did the colony of France grow slowly? 1) The Native Americans strongly resisted the French who were exploring inland Canada. 2) The French were resisted by the Swedish settlers in Canada, which halted the growth of New France. 3) The harsh Canadian climate with long winters attracted few French peasants. 4) Fur trapping and trading did not yield good profits for Canadian settlers.
The harsh Canadian climate with long winters attracted few French peasants
Based on the information provided on this map, what is the most likely reason Glasgow, Birmingham, and Lyon became major industrial cities? a. They were major port cities. b. They had access to natural resources needed to industrialize. c. They had a large number of available workers. d. They were located on major transportation routes.
They had access to natural resources needed to industrialize
"The only way to erect such a common power, as may be able to defend them from the invasion of foreigners... is to confer all their power and strength upon one man, or upon one assembly of men, that may reduce all their wills, by plurality of voices, unto one will..." This quote best reflects the philosophy of 1) John Locke 2) Jean-Jacques Rousseau 3) Thomas Hobbes 4) Voltaite
Thomas Hobbes
This photograph shows a place which was also the departure point for _______________, a Portuguese navigator who set out for Asia in 1497. A photograph features a sign on a coastline reading,
Vasco da Gama
Which event can be inferred from the map? 1) Jacques Cartier reached the Spice Islands during his expedition. 2) Ferdinand Magellan discovered the St. Lawrence River. 3) Vasco de Gama made an expedition to the west coast of India. 4) Christopher Columbus crossed Moctezuma's empire during his voyage. A map shows early voyages of European exploration, 1487-1609. Explorers for Portugal include Dias (1487-1488), traveling to the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa, and Da Gama (1497-1499), traveling around Africa to the west coast of India. Explorers for Spain include: Columbus (1492-1493), traveling to the West Indies, or Caribbean islands; Balboa (1510-1513), traveling from the West Indies around Panama to the Pacific Ocean; Magellan and Elcano (1519-1522), traveling around Southern America, across the Pacific to the East Indies, through the Indian Ocean, around Africa, and back to Spain. The explorer for England is Cabot (1497), traveling to Newfoundland, in Canada. The explorer for France was Cartier (1534-1535), traveling to Newfoundland and deeper into Canada. The explorer for the Netherlands was Hudson (1609), traveling up around Norway into the Artic before traveling to the northeastern coast of the United States.
Vasco de Gama made an expedition to the west coast of India
Which of the following was a chief characteristic of Britain's constitutional government in the 1700s? 1) suppression of religious dissent 2) a cabinet system 3) voting rights for all citizens 4) elimination of the monarchy
a cabinet system
Leaders of the temperance movement argued that a ban on alcohol would lead to a. greater employment opportunities for women in factories. b. an increase in the number of workers who could read and write. c. increased property rights for women. d. a decrease in domestic violence.
a decrease in domestic violence
This photograph shows the construction of a city system that contributed to a. a decrease in urban crime. b. a drastic reduction in the death rate. c. better hygiene in field hospitals. d. the rise of big business.
a drastic reduction in the death rate
What is a theocracy? a. A government run by religious leaders. b. A government run by divine monarchs. c. A government run by citizens of all religions. d. A government run by elected representatives.
a government run by religious leaders
"There's only one thing that warms my heart, and that is the thought that we are going to sweep away these bourgeois." —Émile Zola, Germinal. This quotation is taken from a. a realistic novel about the French mining industry. b. an essay about the advantages of laissez-faire economics. c. a romantic novel about the superiority of nature to city life. d. a realistic novel about the lives of the London poor.
a realistic novel about the French mining industry
What characteristic of the Renaissance does the quotation reflect? "To [man] it is granted to have whatever he chooses, to be whatever he wills."—Pico della Mirandola, 1486 1) Perspective 2) Patronage 3) A spirit of adventure and curiosity 4) religious faith
a spirit of adventure and curiosity
The number of books in Europe grew immensely in the year 1500. Around 1455 there were a few thousand books. By 1500, there were 15-20 million books. What can you conclude from this? 1) An unprecedented spread of information helped the Reformation grow. 2) The Renaissance could not have happened without Gutenberg's invention. 3) Europeans became more religious because most of the new books were bibles. 4) Europeans became less religious because most of the new books had humanist ideals.
an unprecedented spread of info helped the Reformation grow
Which idea differentiates the Protestant doctrines of Calvinism and Lutheranism? a. rejection of saints, indulgences b. rejection of papal rule c. belief in purgatory d. belief in predestination
belief in predestination
Which statement most accurately describes the education of middle class girls and boys during the late Industrial Age? a. Girls and boys enjoyed equal educational opportunities. b. Few middle class children went to school because they had to work. c. Education increased for boys, but most girls were denied an education. d. Boys were more likely than girls to receive instruction in science and mathematics.
boys were more likely than girls to receive instruction in science and mathematics
Paintings like the one above were the result of an attempt to a. depict the realities of city architecture. b. capture the effects of light and color on the eye. c. glorify the natural world. d. romanticize the medieval past.
captures the effects of light and color on the eye
Which Protestant teaching addresses the main idea of the passage? "86. Again, "Why does not the pope, whose wealth is today greater than the wealth of the richest Crassus, build this one basilica of St. Peter with his own money rather than with the money of poor believers?"—Martin Luther, 95 Theses a. Churches should simplify the mass and suspend confession. b. Churches should abandon worship of saints and ban pilgrimages to holy sites. c. Churches should be simple and plain rather than ornate and grand. d. Churches must not follow theological orders from the Pope.
churches should be simple and plain rather than ornate and grand
Which phrase best explains the scene depicted in this image? 1) decks of slave ships with African captives 2) bodies of European explorers 3) illustration of the Columbian Exchange 4) survivors of Magellan's expedition
decks of slave ships with African captives
"L'Etat, c'est mo." ("The state, it is me.") - Louis XIV This quote expresses a belief in 1) Enlightened monarchy 2) Divine right 3) popular sovereignty 4) limited monarchy
divine right
Which humanist ideals are most expressed in the sculpture David by Michelangelo? 1) emphasis on exaggerated human anatomical forms 2) emphasis on idealized spiritual subjects 3) emphasis on subject matter related to the period when sculpted 4) emphasis on realistic anatomy and ancient Greek tradition
emphasis on realistic anatomy and ancient Greek tradition
What radical new perspective did Copernicus' drawing of the universe reveal? a. a geocentric perspective b. a heliocentric perspective c. a hypothetical perspective d. a lunar perspective
heliocentric perspective
Russia's Navy Grows 1705- just a little greater than 0 vessels 1714- about 600 vessels 1725- about 1000 vessels This graph illustrates the efforts by Peter the Great to achieve what goal? 1) westernize Russia 2) conquer Western Europe 3) defend Russia's warm-water ports 4) increase Russia's military might
increase Russia's military might
"Passion and prejudice govern the world; only under the name of reason. It is our part, by religion and reason joined, to counteract them all we can." —John Wesley What conclusion about the Methodist movement is best supported by the above quotation? a. It encouraged its followers to adopt sober and moral ways. b. It had a special appeal to factory workers and city dwellers. c. It urged the poor to improve their lives through revolution. d. It encouraged wealthy people to give aid to the poor.
it encouraged its followers to adopt sober and moral ways
How did the enclosure movement contribute to the Industrial Revolution? a. It increased the urban workforce. b. It increased demand for manufactured goods. c. It reduced the influence of the landed aristocracy. d. It encouraged the development of new sources of energy.
it increased the urban workforce
In what way does this passage and quotation describe a political effect of humanism? He [Erasmus] called for a translation of the Christian Bible into the vernacular. He scorned those who ". . . don't want the holy scriptures to be read in translation by the unlearned . . . as if the chief strength of the Christian religion lay in people's ignorance of it. . . ." 1) It is a threat to break from the Church unless demands for change are met. 2) It is a demand for the established Church to recommit to classical scholarship. 3) It is a call for Church reform so people can be more intellectually empowered. 4) It is a demand that biblical teachings be made widely accessible to the public in an understandable form.
it is a demand that biblical teachings be made widely accessible to public in an understandable form
"Yes; the machine turns off a regular quantity of cardings, and of course, they must keep as regularly to their work the whole of the day; they must keep with the machine, and therefore however humane the slubber [the boss] may be, as he must keep up with the machine or be found fault with, he spurs the children to keep up also by various means but that which he commonly resorts to is to strap them when they become drowsy." —excerpt from Sadler report. This is an excerpt from an 1832 report, which resulted in a. increased employment of children in textile mills. b. higher wages for skilled workers. c. the legalization of organized labor unions. d. new regulations to ease working conditions for children.
new regulations to ease working conditions for children
In 1772, Russia cooperated with Prussia and Austria to: 1) defeat Napoleon Bonaparte 2) fight France 3) partition Poland 4) introduce Enlightenment reforms
partition Poland
Which Renaissance artistic techniques are featured in The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci? 1) stylized lighting and flat human forms 2) perspective and reality 3) harmony and naturalism 4) cubism and expressionism
perspective and realism
Which of the following statements would you be most likely to find supported in the book shown here? a. A utopian community offers the best guarantee of equality and social justice. b. The government has a duty to guarantee everyone a fair wage. c. Prices should be regulated by the laws of supply and demand. d. Workers should own and control all means of production.
prices should be regulated by the laws of supply and demand
What are some Protestant characteristics? (3) 1) prayers to the saints, emphasis on sermon, lavish churches 2) priests can marry, bible printed in the vernacular, no papal authority 3) confession, prayers to saints, allegiance to Rome 4) pilgrimages, supreme rule of Pope, excommunication
priests can marry, bible printed in vernacular, no papal authority
The invention shown above contributed to a shift in painting from a. realism to impressionism. b. romanticism to realism. c. impressionism to post-impressionism. d. realism to romanticism.
realism to impressionism
"The very first requirement in a hospital, is that it should do the sick no harm." Which of the following would have been a step toward achieving the goal described in the quotation above? a. requiring nurses to wash their hands b. vaccinating people against disease c. using anesthesia in surgery d. researching the cause of tuberculosis
requiring nurses to wash their hands
This image illustrates a scene from a novel that satirizes (the picture shows a knight on a horse and a small man on a donkey in everyday clothing) 1) romantic notions of knighthood and chivalry 2) the concept of absolute monarchy 3) the low position of Spanish peasants 4) the wars of Philip II
romantic notions of knighthood and chivalry
Which group in France would have been most likely to support the Reign of Terror? 1) emigres 2) sans-coulottes 3) the National Assembly 4) the First Estate
sans-coulottes
The invention of the internal combustion engine was an essential step that eventually led to a. the manufacture of stronger steel. b. sustained, pilot-controlled flight. c. steam-powered ocean travel. d. artificial lighting for city streets.
sustained, pilot-controlled flight
So that the largest possible cargo might be carried, the captives were wedged belowdecks, chained to low-lying platforms stacked in tiers, with an average individual space allotment that was 6 feet long, 16 inches wide, and perhaps 3 feet high (183 cm by 41 cm by 91 cm). Unable to stand erect or turn over, many slaves died in this position. The text is most likely describing 1) The Middle Passage 2) The Macartney embassy 3) The Magellan circumnavigation expedition 4) Encomienda
the Middle Passage
Europeans, by contrast, wrote enthusiastically about China. In 1590, a visitor described Chinese artisans "cleverly making devices out of gold, silver and other metals," and wrote with approval: "They daily publish huge multitudes of books." Which era of rule in China is referred to in this text?
the Ming dynasty
Summarize the main idea of the quotation. "The many great gardens of the world, of literature and poetry, of painting and music, of religion and architecture, all make the point as clear as possible: The soul cannot thrive in the absence of a garden. If you don't want paradise, you are not human; and if you are not human, you don't have a soul."—Thomas More 1) The arts, education, and spirituality make us human. 2) Political, cultural, religious, and social reforms are needed to attain paradise. 3) Humans already occupy paradise, so attempts to improve our lives are unnecessary. 4) Religious faith and commitment to classical ideals of learning will save us.
the arts, education, and spirituality make us human
"The marks of former convulsions on every part of the surface of our planet are obvious and striking. The remains of marine animals imbedded in the solid strata are so abundant, that they may be expected to force themselves on the observation of every people who have made some progress in refinement . . ." —Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology (1832) Vol.1. The scientist quoted above attempted to prove that a. all atoms were basically alike. b. members of each species competed to survive. c. the Earth had formed over millions of years. d. certain microbes might cause specific infectious diseases.
the earth had formed over millions of years
What is the main reason the "putting-out" system gave way to the factory system in the British textile industry? a. The factory system produced better quality cloth. b. The factory system allowed more cloth to be produced at a lower cost. c. The factory system did not require a natural supply of water power. d. The factory system allowed employers to hire women and children.
the factory system allowed more cloth to be produced at a lower cost
Which group made up the "Second Estate" under France's ancien regime? 1) The clergy 2) the nobility 3) the middle class 4) peasants and urban workers
the nobility
Which factor enabled the central ideas of the Protestant Reformation to gain acceptance throughout northern Europe? 1) the printing press 2) the Council of Trent 3) the Peasant's Revolt 4) the Peace of Augsburg
the printing press
When Colonists later protested British policies in North America, they viewed themselves as "freeborn Englishmen" who were defending their traditional rights. Which one of the following describes one of the traditional rights being referred to? 1) the right to own lands in American colonies 2) the right to covert Native Americans to Christianity 3) the right to marry settlers from different countries 4) the right to have representative assemblies and Parliament
the right to have representative assemblies and Parliament
"I cannot paint an angel, because I have never seen one." — Gustave Courbet. This quotation reflects the values of an artistic movement that rejected a. the Enlightenment faith in the power of reason. b. the realistic depiction of everyday subjects. c. the romantic emphasis on imagination. d. the use of art to expose social ills.
the romantic emphasis on imagination
The transportation system shown in this image declined in importance after a. the steam locomotive was invented. b. the price of coal rose dramatically. c. the textile industry was industrialized. d. private toll roads opened across England.
the steam locomotive was invented
The invention shown here was most directly responsible for a revolution in a. the textile industry. b. agriculture. c. transportation. d. communication.
transportation
The Scientific Method was based on the idea that a. the scientific theories of the ancients were correct. b. scientific laws governed nature. c. the truth could come only through investigation. d. philosophy was the key to learning scientific truths.
truth could come only through investigation
What role did trade play in the Renaissance? 1) wealth from trade led to higher prices for Renaissance art 2) wealth from trade unified Renaissance Italy 3) trade spread the Renaissance to the Muslim world 4) wealth from trade fueled the Renaissance
wealth from trade fueled the Renaissance