History Multiple Choice 3

The Kansas-Nebraska Act a. Gave the residents of Kansas and Nebraska the power to decide if their territory would allow slavery or not. b. Expelled slaves from the territories of Kansas and Nebraska. c. Admitted Kansas to the Union as a free state. d. Strengthened the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.

a. Gave the residents of Kansas and Nebraska the power to decide if their territory would allow slavery or not.

Chinook jargon was "a less than ideal fit" for the negotiations between the United States and the Natives of the Pacific Northwest because it a. Had a limited vocabulary and the negotiations were far too delicate and specific. b. Was not spoken by American negotiators. c. Was not a local language, and none of the Natives of the Pacific Northwest spoke it. d. Was only spoken by the Chinook and no other Natives of the Pacific Northwest.

a. Had a limited vocabulary and the negotiations were far too delicate and specific.

Which senator introduced a series of resolutions that became known as the Compromise of 1850? a. Henry Clay b. John C. Calhoun c. Frederick Douglass d. None of these

a. Henry Clay

The Natives who lived in earthen villages were the a. Hidatsa. b. Lakotas. c. Apaches. d. Comanches.

a. Hidatsa.

Abraham Lincoln was assassinated a. In April 1865. b. In August 1865. c. About a year after the end of the Civil War. d. Right after Congress passed the 13th Amendment.

a. In April 1865.

In the 1860s, the US engaged in the Plains War with the a. Lakotas. b. Zunis. c. Iroquois. d. Cherokees.

a. Lakotas.

Even though southern white women had no rights, they were a. Powerful in their own right. b. Rich and independent. c. Educated. d. Happy.

a. Powerful in their own right.

The plantation was a political and social space for the creation of a. An educated workforce. b. The concept of race. c. A skilled society. d. A community.

b. The concept of race.

In accordance with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the percentage of territory Mexico ceded to the United States was a. About 25 percent. b. A little over 60 percent. c. About 50 percent. d. Less than 20 percent.

c. About 50 percent.

What was a southern plantation crop? a. Sugar b. Rice c. All of these d. Cotton

c. All of these

In order, from greatest to least, the population of Texas in 1827 was comprised of a. Tejanos, African slaves and Anglo Americans equally. b. Tejanos, Anglo Americans and African slaves. c. Anglo Americans, Tejanos and African slaves. d. African slaves, Tejanos and Anglo Americans.

c. Anglo Americans, Tejanos and African slaves.

The Dred Scott decision, considered the worst decision by the US Supreme Court, not only upheld slavery, it a. Dictated that slavery should be expanded into the West. b. Decided that slaves that escaped to the North had to be returned to southern slave owners. c. Asserted that the Founding Fathers never intended for slaves to be considered human beings with rights as indicated in the US Constitution. d. Indicated that Dred Scott could keep a slave he took into a state where slavery was illegal.

c. Asserted that the Founding Fathers never intended for slaves to be considered human beings with rights as indicated in the US Constitution.

What was the most valuable export of the United States by 1840? a. Rice b. Tobacco c. Cotton d. Slaves

c. Cotton

What did the "Grasp of War" policy allow the Republicans to do in the South? a. Required southern states to give 40 acres and a mule to every freedman in the South b. Forced Southerners to give half of their property to freedmen c. Established five military districts and five occupying Union armies to enforce the legislation passed by Congress. d. Imprisoned every former Confederate civil and military official for ten years.

c. Established five military districts and five occupying Union armies to enforce the legislation passed by Congress.

In the year 1847, the US occupied a foreign capital for the first time -- a. Havanna. b. Manila. c. Mexico City. d. Quebec.

c. Mexico City.

The person who predicted that the Mexican American War will "poison us" is a. Henry David Thoreau. b. Frederick Douglass. c. Ralph Waldo Emerson. d. Abraham Lincoln.

c. Ralph Waldo Emerson.

Who was William Lloyd Garrison? a. The editor of De Bow's Review. b. A colleague of John Brown, who did not survive the attack on Harper's Ferry. c. The editor of the abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator. d. A senator from New York who helped elect Abraham Lincoln.

c. The editor of the abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator.

What was the greatest concern that Northerners had about Reconstruction in the aftermath of the Civil War? a. The southern economy would collapse after the war. b. The North would have too much financial burden in reconstructing the South. c. The southern states and their leaders would not recognize the end of slavery and the rights of freed slaves. d. Foreign powers would come in and try to take over land in the South.

c. The southern states and their leaders would not recognize the end of slavery and the rights of freed slaves.

The author Glymph tells us that we can find evidence for plantation mistresses's violence in a. Songs about the South. b. Popular memory. c. Their own letters and diaries. d. Movies such as Gone With the Wind.

c. Their own letters and diaries.

The person who stated that the Black men's right to vote was "in the undisputed fact of his manhood" was a. William Lloyd Garrison. b. W.E.B. DuBois. c. David Walker. d. Frederick Douglass.

d. Frederick Douglass.

What did the 14th Amendment accomplish? a. It allowed the South to force freed people back into virtual slavery. b. It prohibited states from discriminating against voters on the basis of race, color, or status as a former slave. c. It ended slavery in all of the United States. d. It granted citizenship to freed people and due process of the laws to all people.

d. It granted citizenship to freed people and due process of the laws to all people.

Mandans and Hidatsas saw the US as possible allies against their enemies, a. Cherokees. b. Apaches. c. Comanches. d. Lakotas.

d. Lakotas.

Which state, in 1850, required emancipated slaves to leave the state within a year after emancipation? a. South Carolina b. Alabama c. Georgia d. Virginia.

d. Virginia.

The mission system in California was established by the a. Dominicans. b. Franciscans. c. Jesuits. d. Templars.

b. Franiscans

The company which controlled the fur trade in the Northwest Territory was the a. Furs Trading & Co. b. Hudson Bay Company. c. Furs, Hides, and Skins. d. Columbia Bay Company.

b. Hudson Bay Company.

The phrase the "vilest miscreants of the savage race... the pirates of the Missouri" was used by Lewis and Clark to describe the a. Apache. b. Lakota. c. Mandan. d. Comanche.

b. Lakota.

Some missions included a school for Native children. a. FALSE b. TRUE

b. TRUE

In the Gadsden Purchase, the southern part of New Mexico and Arizona was purchased from Mexico for a. 15 million dollars. b. 5 million dollars. c. 10 million dollars. d. 12 million dollars.

c. 10 million dollars.

How many lives were lost during the Civil War? a. 100,000 b. 200,000 c. 750,000 d. 500,000

c. 750,000

What was the Union League? a. An early white supremacist group in the South prior to the Ku Klux Klan. b. An anti-Black group in the North that opposed Black voting in the states. c. A Republican group that hired locals in the South to organize the southern Republican vote. d. A pro-Union group in New York.

c. A Republican group their hired locals in the South to organize the southern Republican vote.

The process through which Texas was admitted into the Union was a. None of these. b. Congress passed a constitutional amendment and the states approved it. c. A majority of Congress favored adding Texas to the Union and passed a joint resolution to do so. d. President Polk wanted Texas and signed an executive order which allowed Texas to join the United States.

c. A majority of Congress favored adding Texas the the Union and passed a joint resolution to do so.

Which one of the following was a provision of the Reconstruction Act of 1867? a. The former Confederacy was divided into five military districts. b. Former Confederate states were required to write new state constitutions. c. All of these. d. Former Confederate states were allowed to rejoin the United States after ratifying the 14th Amendment and writing a new state constitution.

c. All of these.

The leader of the Mexican government who tried to suspend major provisions of the Constitution of 1824 was a. Vicente Guerrero. b. Juan de Seguin. c. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna. d. Lorenzo de Zavala.

c. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.

During the Civil War, who first declared escaped slaves "contraband of war"? a. President Abraham Lincoln b. General David Hunter c. General Benjamin Butler d. General Ulysses S. Grant

c. General Benjamin Butler

What did the 13th Amendment accomplish? a. It allowed the South to force freed people back into virtual slavery. b. It prohibited states from discriminating against voters on the basis of race, color, or status as a former slave. c. It ended slavery in all of the United States. d. It granted citizenship and due process of the laws to freed people.

c. It ended slavery in all of the United States.

Who ran for the Constitutional Union Party in the 1860 presidential election? a. Stephen Douglas b. James Bull c. John Bell d. John C. Fremont

c. John Bell

Who was Andrew Johnson? a. US House representative from Tennessee b. President of the United States after Lincoln. c. Vice President under Abraham Lincoln d. All of these.

d. All of these.

Mormons eventually settled a. In upstate New York. b. Just west of the Missouri River in the Dakotas. c. Near the Grand Canyon. d. Around the Great Salt Lake.

d. Around the Great Salt Lake.

The state brought into the Union as a "free" state under the Compromise of 1850 is a. New Mexico. b. Arizona. c. Nevada. d. California.

d. California.

The Natives who served as scouts to the US to find the Lakotas in the 1860s Indian War were the a. Seminoles. b. Cherokees. c. Crees. d. Crows.

d. Crows.

Writings by travelers and southerners in the 1800s showed that plantation manors were a. The heart of the plantation system. b. Middle-class homes with solid protection from the elements. c. Mansions with the finest luxuries. d. Dirty and open to the elements with simple living structures.

d. Dirty and open to the elements with simple living structures.

When Lewis and Clark arrived in the Pacific Northwest, they were surprised how much the Natives were familiar with a. Russian. b. Spanish. c. Latin. d. English.

d. English.

The 15th Amendment a. Gave people the right to go to court if they felt their rights were being denied. b. Required equal protection and due process to any person living in the United States. c. Abolished slavery in the United States and its territories. d. Extended the right to vote to all men born in and naturalized in the United States.

d. Extended the right to vote to all men born in and naturalized in the United States.

Slaveholders maintained that slaves were a. Well cared for. b. Christians. c. Healthy and strong. d. Happy to serve.

d. Happy to serve.

The Mexican Cession of 1848 caused great problems for the US mostly because . a. Indigenous groups started a civil war in the newly acquired territories. b. Mexico continued to invade the region. c. Mexican Americans in the new territories revolted against American rule. d. It upset the balance of free and slave states.

d. It upset the balance of free and slave states.

Which US president advocated expanding US territory north in the Oregon border dispute? a. Abraham Lincoln b. Benjamin Harrison c. Thomas Jefferson d. James K. Polk

d. James K. Polk

The artist Alfred Miller depicted Native Americans hunting buffalo by a. Driving them over a cliff to their deaths. b. Stalking them with spears. c. Chasing them until they were tired and gave up. d. Shooting them with rifles.

a. Driving them over a cliff to their deaths.

After the Civil War, the interaction between White women and former slave women continued to be physically intimate. a. FALSE b. TRUE

a. FALSE

All Americans accepted that the border should be set at 49°40". a. FALSE b. TRUE

a. FALSE

Andrew Johnson's veto of the Civil Rights Act of 1866 broke the willpower of the Republican Party to pursue Reconstruction. a. FALSE b. TRUE

a. FALSE

Between 1790 and 1860, cotton production increased ten-fold. a. FALSE b. TRUE

a. FALSE

While the North experienced draft riots in New York City in the summer of 1863, the South was quite fortunate in not experiencing similar riots. a. FALSE b. TRUE

a. FALSE

The number of Mexicans who were admitted into the US as a result of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is approximately a. 75,000. b. 50,000. c. 25,000. d. 10,000.

a. 75,000.

The "black codes" were a. A series of laws passed throughout the South that aimed to limit the freedom and independence of freed people. b. Laws designed to redistribute confiscated lands to freed people. c. Constitutional amendments which granted freedmen the right to vote. d. Part of a federal institution that helped freed people transition into the free labor system.

a. A series of laws passed throughout the South that aimed to limit the freedom and independence of freed people.

The US and Mexico battled over a land mass of a. 12 million square miles. b. 1.5 million square miles. c. 150,000 square miles. d. 800 square miles.

b. 1.5 million square miles.

The historian Frederick Jackson Turner suggested that the history of the westward expansion of the United States could be described as a. A "legacy of conquest." b. A continually advancing frontier line that moved from east to west. c. A web of interconnected events with long lasting and unforeseen effects. d. Manifest Destiny.

b. A continually advancing frontier line that moved from east to west.

Southerners justified slavery because Blacks had the right a. Skills. b. Knowledge and experience. c. Height and muscular built. d. Temperament and were of low intelligence.

d. Temperament and were of low intelligence.

Which of the following states did NOT secede prior to the attack on Fort Sumter? a. Mississippi b. Alabama c. Texas d. Tennessee

d. Tennessee

Middle-class plantation homes were not ornate and were built from a. Sod. b. Mud. c. Brick. d. Wood.

d. Wood.

All of the routes of the Underground Railroad ended in northern states. a. FALSE b. TRUE

a. FALSE

The Constitution provided all the guidance Congress needed to reunite the US after the Civil War. a. FALSE b. TRUE

a. FALSE

An early example of "ethnic cleansing," according to many scholars, is a. The Indian Removal Act. b. Mexico's War of Independence from Spain. c. The war between the United States and Mexico. d. The establecimento de paz.

a. The Indian Removal Act.

The Emancipation Proclamation freed the slaves a. Throughout the entire United States (Union and Confederate territories). b. In the unoccupied portion of the Confederacy. c. In the western territories. d. In Confederate territory under Union control.

b. In the unoccupied portion of the Confederacy.

The state which, by 1860, had become the largest producer of cotton, was a. Texas. b. Mississippi. c. Louisiana. d. Virginia.

b. Mississippi.

The Lakota referred to the horse as a. Big dog. b. Mystery dog. c. Big deer. d. Buffalo hunter.

b. Mystery dog.

Comanche raiding routes extended through northern Mexico all the way to Mexico City. a. FALSE b. TRUE

b. TRUE

Freed people almost universally joined the Republican Party. a. FALSE b. TRUE

b. TRUE

The doctrine of "Manifest Destiny" means a. Legal slavery should "manifestly" be the rule of law in the western United States. b. The United States must bring under its sovereignty all of the land west of the eastern states all the way to the Pacific coast. c. White people are "destined" to become the rulers of colored people. d. Democracy is the only legitimate government that should exist in the western hemisphere.

b. The United States must bring under its sovereignty all of the land west of the eastern states all the way to the Pacific coast.

"The weeping time" referred to a. The cotton harvesting season. b. The largest auction of slaves in the history of the US, which took place in Georgia. c. The period after John Brown's death and abolitionists mourned his death. d. The period when white Charleston women protested the lack of the food during the Civil War.

b. The largest auction of slaves in the history of the US, which took place in Georgia.

The author Jacoby notes that the British received support during the Revolutionary War from the a. Lakota. b. Cree. c. Cherokee. d. Comanche.

c. Cherokee.

Prior to the arrival of the horse, the only domesticated animal used by Native peoples of the plains to assist their daily lives was a. Buffalo. b. Cattle. c. Dogs. d. Mules.

c. Dogs

Arizona's Expulsion Act a. Deported all Republicans from the state who favored abolition in any way. b. Expelled all slaveholders from the state in 1860. c. Expelled all free Blacks from the state in 1860. d. Deported all Mexican citizens living in Arizona in 1859.

c. Expelled all free Blacks from the state in 1860.

The "Trail of Tears" refers to the a. Path marched by Mormons on their way to their new settlement near the Great Salt Lake. b. Comanche invasions into Mexico. c. Forced removal of thousands of Cherokee and other Indians who were marched over 1,000 miles to present-day Oklahoma. d. War between Texas and Mexico.

c. Forced removal of thousands of Cherokee and other Indians who were marched over 1,000 miles to present-day Oklahoma.

The Ojibwe and Cree were able to push the Lakota out of their original homeland in the early 1700s by a. Gaining access to horses. b. Convincing their French trading partners to push out the Lakota. c. Gaining firearms from trading with the French. d. Winning American-style cavalry battles.

c. Gaining firearms from trading with the French.

Female slaves on large plantations were typically assigned to labor at a. Spinning and weaving. b. Sewing and cooking. c. Picking and hoeing. d. All of these.

d. All of these.

The freedmen set the goal to a. Reunite with family who had been sold to other plantations. b. Acquire land. c. Control their own labor. d. All of these.

d. All of these.

The government agency that was created to help transition former slaves into the free labor system was the a. Red Cross. b. NAACP. c. Republican Party. d. Freedmen's Bureau.

d. Freedmen's Bureau.

Who ran against Lincoln in the presidential election of 1864? a. Ulysses S. Grant b. Henry Clay c. Stephen Douglas d. George McClellan

d. George McClellan

Congress was persuaded to declare war on Mexico by a. President John Tyler. b. President John Buchanan. c. President Abraham Lincoln. d. President James K. Polk.

d. President James K. Polk

The phrase "American blood was shed upon American soil" was uttered by a. Frederick Jackson Turner. b. Ralph Waldo Emerson. c. Abraham Lincoln. d. President James K. Polk.

d. President James K. Polk.

Field hands were divided by a. Skills systems. b. Age systems. c. Gender systems. d. Rating systems.

d. Rating Systems.

The southern state that broke ranks with the others and ratified the 14th Amendment was a. Delaware. b. West Virginia. c. Kentucky. d. Tennessee.

d. Tennessee.

The Radical Republicans used this clause to implement a military occupation of the South in order to reconstruct it. a. The Due Process Clause b. The Equal Protection Clause c. The Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause d. The "Grasp of War" clause.

d. The "Grasp of War" clause.

Alexander Stephens was a. The president of the Confederacy. b. The leader of the Racial Republicans in Congress. c. Lincoln's vice president in his first term, 1861-64. d. The vice president of the Confederacy.

d. The vice president of the Confederacy.

In what southern states was the Republican Party strongest before 1877? a. All of these b. Florida c. Mississippi d. South Carolina

a. All of these

The Radical Republicans wanted a. All of these b. Military occupation of the South until it reformed itself. c. Confiscation and redistribution of Confederate leaders' land. d. Enfranchisement of Black men.

a. All of these

Southerners believed that slaves would stand up if they were mistreated or neglected, but had no a. Desire for freedom. b. Interest in learning. c. Interest in bettering themselves. d. Desire to make money.

a. Desire for freedom.

Missouri was one of the border states that joined the Confederacy. a. FALSE b. TRUE

a. FALSE

The Civil Rights Act of 1866 a. Gave an individual the right to go to federal court, if they thought their rights were violated in a state court. b. Ended slavery in the US. c. Granted "due process" of law to any person in the US. d. Granted universal male suffrage in the United States.

a. Gave an individual the right to go to federal court, if they thought their rights were violated in a state court.

Even though some plantation mistresses wouldn't use brutality towards their slaves; they would a. Not stand up to others who used brutality. b. Let others punch her slaves. c. Agreed with using brutality towards slaves. d. Report others who did.

a. Not stand up to others who used brutality.

According to noted historian Kenneth Stampp, Southerners measured their societal rank by the a. Number of slaves they owned. b. Acreage of land they owned. c. Amount of crops they produced. d. None of these.

a. Number of slaves they owned.

Slaveholders claimed that slaves were a part of their own families. Historians call this a. Paternalist fiction. b. A lie. c. Materialistic reality. d. Paternalistic exploitation.

a. Paternalist fiction.

The Freedmen's Bureau was created to assist in the transition from slavery to freedom. a. TRUE b. FALSE

a. TRUE

What were "habits of mutuality"? a. The ways poor white Southerners exchanged work and services outside a formal market economy. b. The ways that poor white Southerners aided slaveholders in keeping slaves in bondage. c. The poor farming practices that kept southern farmers from increasing productivity. d. The tendency of slave women to identify with their slave mistresses.

a. The ways poor white Southerners exchanged work and services outside a formal market economy.

Who thought the land gained with the Louisiana Purchase will become "fields for the blessings of freedom and equal laws"? a. Thomas Jefferson b. Frederick Jackson Turner c. James Polk d. James Monroe

a. Thomas Jefferson

Through treaties that disadvantaged them, the Cherokee lost a. Three-quarters of their land. b. One half of their land. c. One-third of their land. d. Just a small portion of their land.

a. Three-quarters of their land.

Why did the Apache negotiate establecimientos de paz, peace settlements, with the Spanish? a. To stop the Apache from raiding Spanish settlement b. To get Apache women for the Spanish c. To make trade with the Apache in fur pelts d. To help the Spanish fight the Comaches

a. To stop the Apache from raiding Spanish settlement

Philip Sheridan was a a. Union general who supported a "hard war" policy. b. Confederate general who stopped food riots. c. Confederate politician during the Civil War. d. Republican senator who supported a "hard war" policy.

a. Union general who supported a "hard war" policy.

Thomas Nast was a. An abolitionist congressman from Massachusetts. b. A famous cartoonist of the 19th century. c. The editor of De Bow's Review. d. The vice president of the Confederacy.

b. A famous cartoonist of the 19th century.

Newly admitted southern states soon implemented "Black Codes," which a. Prevented Blacks from testifying against White people b. All of these. c. Prevented Blacks from holding certain kinds of well-paying occupations. d. Prevented Blacks from voting.

b. All of these.

Presidential Reconstruction under President Johnson involved a. Requiring an oath of loyalty of all southern citizens. b. All of these. c. Issuing instructions to the states on how to form a new state government and how to seek readmission to the United States. d. Providing pardons to all Southerners except the highest ranking Confederate officials and military leaders.

b. All of these.

When it was certain that the US would win the war with Mexico, President Polk felt that the United States should a. Annex 10 of the provinces of northern Mexico, including Texas and California. b. Annex just the sparsely inhabited territories on the borderlands with the United States. c. Acquire Mexico and turn it into a colony of the United States. d. Annex Mexican territory all the way to Mexico City and then create a new border.

b. Annex just the sparsely inhabited territories on the borderlands with the United States.

Fort Tucson was the site of peace negotiations between the Spanish and the a. Comanches. b. Apaches. c. Mandan. d. Lakotas.

b. Apaches.

It is estimated that when the South freed its slaves, it gave up in value a. Roughly half a billion dollars. b. Approximately three billion dollars. c. Over 100 million dollars. d. Almost exactly one billion dollars.

b. Approximately three billon dollars.

The Pictorial Autobiography of Half Moon, a Sioux Chief was a ledger book found by a journalist a. During the Lewis and Clark Expedition and brought to Thomas Jefferson. b. At the Battle of Little Big Horn. c. After the Battle of Wounded Knee. d. During the Lewis and Clark Expedition, brought to Charles Wilson Peale, and displayed in his natural history museum.

b. At the Battle of Little Big Horn.

Winning the Mexican American War upset the a. Urban cities of the North. b. Balance over slavery's limits. c. Discovery of gold. d. Republicans.

b. Balance over the slavery's limits.

A Native group which some scholars refer to as "an indigenous empire" is the a. Lakota. b. Comanche. c. Cherokee. d. Apache.

b. Comanche.

The Compromise of 1850 was actually a series of laws that legislated all of the following, EXCEPT ONE a. Admission of California to the Union as a free state. b. Continuation of the slave trade in Washington, DC. c. A commitment to form four territories, namely Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and New Mexico, without any mention of slavery. d. A strengthened Fugitive Slave Act.

b. Continuation of the slave trade in Washington, DC.

The Mormons were initially not interested in being a part of the US but wanted to form a theocracy called a. Mormonia. b. Deseret. c. Latter Day Saints. d. Independencia.

b. Deseret.

Between 1850 and 1860 cotton production a. Tripled. b. Doubled. c. Was cut in half. d. Decreased.

b. Doubled.

Most weakened by war with the Comanche was a. Deseret. b. Mexico. c. The United States. d. The Bear Flag Republic.

b. Mexico.

The Lakota were successful in limiting US trade in the northern Great Plains from the time of Lewis and Clark and for many decades. a. FALSE b. TRUE

b. TRUE

There were so many slaves who escaped to the Union army lines, the War Department had to establish camps for them. a. FALSE b. TRUE

b. TRUE

The year 1863 was an important turning point in the war effort because a. It became obvious that Abraham Lincoln would win a second term. b. The Emancipation Proclamation made it clear that the goal of the war was not just to preserve the Union but to preserve a Union without slavery. c. The North began to win battle victories and would win all of the battles to the end of the war. d. Great Britain decided not to break through the Union blockade of Confederate ports and prevented the South from getting the armaments it needed.

b. The Emancipation Proclamation made it clear that the goal of the war was not just to preserve the Union but to preserve a Union without slavery.

What did Frederick Douglass call "inhuman, disgraceful, and scandalous"? a. The Compromise of 1850 b. The Fugitive Slave Act c. The Dred Scott decision d. The Kansas-Nebraska Act

b. The Fugitive Slave Act

What was the military dilemma for the Union at the start of the Civil War? a. The war was more popular in the South than in the North. b. The North would have to fight on Confederate territory. c. The South had more money because of slavery. d. The South had superior military leadership.

b. The North would have to fight on Confederate territory.

The two nations that established permanent outposts in the Northwest Territory were a. The US and Alaska. b. The US and Great Britain. c. Russia and Great Britain. d. Russia and the US.

b. The US and Great Britain.

Raids by Native Americans into Mexico made US conquest of northern Mexico easier because a. Native Americans were allies with the US and staged raids meant to support the conquest of Mexico. b. The raids weakened Mexican defenses and made Mexican citizens ambivalent towards the Mexican government. c. Native Americans moved in from the south while US forces attacked from the north, dividing the Mexican army. d. Native American raids caused the border dispute in Texas that led to war between the US and Mexico.

b. The raids weakened Mexicans defenses and made Mexican citizens ambivalent towards the Mexican government.

The name of the treaty that ended the war between the US and Mexico is the a. Treaty of Guadalajara. b. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. c. Taylor-Scott Agreement. d. Treaty of San Antonio.

b. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

During the Civil War, General Ulysses S. Grant gained fame at the battle of a. Atlanta. b. Vicksburg. c. Gettysburg. d. Petersburg.

b. Vicksburg.

How were overseers depicted in newspaper cartoons? a. Happy b. Violent c. Paternal d. Friendly

b. Violent

The depiction of the plantation manor in the movie, Gone with the Wind, is a lasting interpretation of the South that shows a. The horrors of slavery in the Antebellum South. b. The poverty of southern society. c. A softer image of the slave system with caring masters and happy and devoted slaves. d. America's tribute to southern farming.

c. A softer image of the slave system with caring masters and happy and devoted slaves.

Which of the following is true about Cherokee Indians? a. They became successful farmers and merchants. b. They tried to adopt white people's ways. c. All of these d. They owned African slaves.

c. All of these

During the Memphis Riots of 1866 a. Angry Whites raided black neighborhoods, looting and buring. b. Whites attacked Black, Union veterans. c. All of these. d. Whites raped scores of Black women.

c. All of these.

If Anglo Americans wanted to settle in Texas in the 1820s, they were required to a. Have "steady habits." b. Use Spanish in all of their business transactions. c. All of these. d. Become Catholic.

c. All of these.

Journals like De Bow's Review gave farmers a. Information about crop rotation. b. Information about the management and rating of slaves. c. All of these. d. International commodity prices.

c. All of these.

Geronimo was a. The Lakota chief who led his people into Canada. b. The name of a famous Mexican bandit who raided the Texas frontier after the Lone Star Republic was established. c. An Apache leader. d. A Comanche leader.

c. An Apache Leader.

Frederick Jackson Turner was the a. Scout for the Fremont Expedition to California. b. Senator who negotiated a treaty with the Cherokee. c. Historian who described the history of American westward expansion in relation to the frontier. d. British sea captain who first contacted the Chinook people, establishing trade with the Pacific Northwest.

c. Historian who described the history of American westward expansion in relation to the frontier.

The gang system was used a. On plantations growing rutabagas. b. Less intensely on large plantations than on farms having only 16 to 20 slaves. c. In most cotton, sugar and rice operations. d. By sugar growers least of all.

c. In most cotton, sugar and rice operations.

The person who was typically in charge of slaves in the plantation house was the a. Overseer. b. Driver. c. Mistress (slaveholder's wife). d. Slave breaker.

c. Mistress (slaveholder's wife).

Who was the founder and leader of the Ku Klux Klan? a. John C. Calhoun b. Alexander Stephens c. Nathan Bedford Forrest d. Robert E. Lee

c. Nathan Bedford Forrest

"Fifty-four Forty or Fight" was the war cry for the a. Mexican American War. b. Texas Revolution. c. Oregon border dispute. d. Indian wars in the Great Plains.

c. Oregon border dispute.

The Spanish name for "fort" is a. Fuerte. b. Forte. c. Presidio. d. Puente.

c. Presidio.

Which part of the Republican Party drafted and passed the 15th Amendment? a. Conservatives b. Moderates c. Radicals d. Unionists

c. Radicals

In 1775, a Native revolt, in which most mission buildings were burned and several priests were killed, happened in the Spanish settlement of a. Tucson. b. Fronteras. c. San Diego. d. Janos.

c. San Diego

Which cotton crops could be grown inland? a. Long-staple, green-seed cotton b. Short-staple, red-seed cotton c. Short-staple, green-seed cotton d. Long-staple cotton.

c. Short-staple, green-seed cotton

The foundation of the southern social structure and hierarchy prior to the Civil War was a. Southern concepts of honor. b. The belief in state's rights. c. Slave labor on plantations. d. Cotton.

c. Slave labor on plantations.

The man who tried to help Anglo American Texans to integrate into the Mexican government by translating Mexican laws into English was a. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna. b. Juan de Seguin. c. Stephen F. Austin. d. Lorenzo Zavala.

c. Stephen F. Austin.

Robert E. Lee surrendered his army to Ulysses S. Grant at a. The Gettysburg City Hall. b. The Vicksburg Annex. c. The Appomattox Court House. d. Atlanta's Union Train Station.

c. The Appomattox Court House.

In the 1830s before it became a part of the US, Texas was called a. The Lone Star Territory b. Texas (the name of their country). c. The Lone Star Republic. d. The United Provinces of Texas.

c. The Lone Star Republic.

The southern economy was set apart from the world around it because it was based on a. The brutality of slavery. b. Use of female slaves in the fields. c. Unfree labor. d. Agriculture.

c. Unfree labor.

As the Civil War continued, it became for Blacks a a. Nightmare. b. War for food and jobs. c. War for citizenship and racial equality. d. Fight for their rights to public education.

c. War for citizenship and racial equality.

At first, Anglos and Tejanos wanted to rebel against Mexico primarily because they a. Wanted to become part of the United States. b. Had little protection from Comanche raiders. c. Were frustrated with the central Mexican government. d. Wanted to create their own independent nation.

c. Were frustrated with the central Mexican government.

What was the essential provision of the Kansas-Nebraska Act? a. Northerners no longer had to return escaped slaves to slaveholders. b. The federal government set aside a fund for purchasing escaped slaves from their owners, so that they would not have to be returned to slavery. c. Western territories could decide for themselves whether they were going to be slave or free. d. It was a essentially a treaty with Canada that provided the return of the escaped slaves to the South.

c. Western territories could decide for themselves whether they were going to be slave or free.

Frances Kemble was well known because she a. Was a spy for the Union army in the South during the Civil War. b. Was the wife of one of the leaders of the Confederacy. c. Wrote a book critical about southern slavery and life. d. Was one of the wealthiest plantation owners in the South.

c. Wrote a book critical about southern slavery and life.

Approximately how many slaveholders qualified as planters (owning more than 20 slaves)? a. 88 percent b. 72 percent c. 50 percent d. 12 percent

d. 12 percent

Russia ceded its claim to the Northwest Territory in a. 1925. b. 1862. c. 1848. d. 1825.

d. 1825.

When were the Narratives of the Life and Adventures of Henry Bib published? a. 1838 b. 1862 c. 1854 d. 1849

d. 1849

Fifty percent of slaveholders in the South owned fewer than a. 20 slaves. b. 15 slaves. c. 10 slaves. d. 5 slaves.

d. 5 slaves.

The Spanish mission system in California lasted a. 70 years. b. 20 years. c. 10 years.. d. 60 years.

d. 60 years.

In the 1820s, the Cherokee Sequoyah is credited with having developed a. The Cherokee's use of African slaves for labor. b. Cultivation of cash crops by the Cherokee. c. The domestication of pigs and cattle by the Cherokee. d. A Cherokee "syllabary" used as the Cherokee's native written language.

d. A Cherokee "syllabary" used as the Cherokee's native written language.

Plantation mistresses were equal in status to a. Slave auctioneers. b. Slave Drivers. c. Masters. d. None of these.

d. None of these.

The US and Britain fought the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812; in addition, author Jacoby notes that these two nations may have fought a third war over disputed boundaries in a. Texas. b. California. c. The American Southwest. d. The Pacific Northwest.

d. The Pacific Northwest.

After the Civil War, newly freed women began to renegotiate the terms of their domestic service with their former plantation mistresses by a. All of these. b. Distinguishing between the types of work they would perform. c. Deciding how much to charge for their services. d. Deciding who to work for.

a. All of these.

In the US, the Mexican American War was criticized because it a. All of these. b. Put into question the nation's democratic principles. c. Was looked at as a way to expand slavery to new territories. d. Was the nation's first war of choice.

a. All of these.

President Johnson's actions that frustrated Republicans included a. All of these. b. Overturning efforts to give Blacks land. c. Pardoning Confederate leaders and officials. d. Vetoing Reconstruction legislation.

a. All of these.

Presidential Reconstruction in the spring of 1865 called for a. All of these. b. Constitutional conventions in each of the southern states. c. Amnesty for Southerners except high-level civil and military officers of the Confederacy. d. Amnesty for Southerners except men who held more than 20,000 dollars of property.

a. All of these.

The 14th Amendment a. All of these. b. All citizens to have due process of law. c. All citizens to have equal protection of the laws. d. All people born in the United States to be citizens.

a. All of these.

The president who followed Abraham Lincoln was a. Andrew Johnson. b. James Buchanon. c. Ulysses S. Grant. d. Thaddeaus Stevens.

a. Andrew Jackson.

The general on the Mexican side of the Texas Revolution was a. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna. b. .Juan Bautista de Remangarde c. Carlos Gutierrez d. Luis Jose de Santa Rincon

a. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.

The Spanish attempted to control the West Coast and curtail Russian exploration and conquest by a. Establishing a series of missions and forts along the Pacific. b. SIgning a trade agreement with Russia. c. Creating "peace settlements" with the Native peoples. d. Distributing horses to the Native peoples.

a. Establishing a series of missions and forts along the Pacific.

Before the Civil War, southern White plantation mistresses tended to have more property rights and privileges than northern White women. a. FALSE b. TRUE

a. FALSE

The plantation home was an example of a very private space. a. FALSE b. TRUE

a. FALSE

Many of the slaves who were sold in the Deep South and Texas between 1790 and 1860 came a. From Maryland, Virginia, and the Carolinas. b. From the Caribbean. c. Directly from Africa. d. From South America.

a. From Maryland, Virginia, and the Carolinas.

What was the "hard war" policy? a. It meant that the Union army would cut loose from long supply lines and live off the southern land. b. It required that all northern industry be turned to the war effort. c. It induced a draft or mandatory service in the Union army. d. It allowed the kidnapping of all slaves the Union army encountered.

a. It meant that the Union army would cut loose from long supply lines and live off the southern land.

In Native American history, the "Long Walk" refers to a. Kit Carson's forced relocation of the Navajo Indians from their native territories in 1864-65. b. The movement of the Comanche people from the Rocky Mountains into the Great Plains. c. The migration of Chinook-speaking people north all the way to Alaska. d. The forced migration of the Cherokee from the southeast into Oklahoma.

a. Kit Carson's forced relocation of the Navajo Indians from their native territories in 1864-65.

What evidence from the 18th and 19th centuries has led historians to re-evaluate the role of the plantation mistress in the history of the Antebellum South? a. Letters and diaries mostly of the plantation mistresses themselves. b. Wills and probate records. c. Newspaper accounts of southern living. d. Oral histories from female slaves.

a. Letters and diaries mostly of the plantation mistresses themselves.

After the Kansas-Nebraska Act, several northern states passed personal liberty laws which a. Maintained that citizenship could not be denied to a person because of African ancestry. b. Insisted that no human being could be owned by another. c. Indicated that Northerners were being deprived of their personal liberty because of the "slave power." d. Gave state legal support to African American churches and organizations for harboring escaped slaves.

a. Maintained that citizenship could not be denied to a person because of African ancestry.

The southern plantation stood as a symbol of the a. Racial and gender hierarchies and the capitalistic system of the South. b. Lack of southern culture as compared to the North. c. Prosperity of the sugar crop achieved through the use of enslaved labor. d. American economic system.

a. Racial and gender hierarchies and the capitalistic system of the South.

In the plantation task system a. Slaves were given a certain amount of work to complete each day. b. Slaves were allowed to keep small gardens and sell the produce. c. Slaves were allowed to earn money to buy their freedom. d. Only slaves with special talents or skills were given privileges. a

a. Slaves were given a certain amount of work to complete each day.

Most Southerners believed that "God intended the [Blacks] to be ..." a. Slaves. b. Free. c. Living in Africa. d. Unable to live on their own.

a. Slaves.

Before the Americans arrived in the "West," the area had already been transformed by the a. Spanish and British. b. Irish and Scots. c. Swedes and Danes. d. Germans and Italians.

a. Spanish and British.

Andrew Johnson's home state was a. Tennessee b. Kentucky c. Mississippi d. Missouri

a. Tennesse

Texas gained independence from Mexico in 1836 following a victory at a. The Battle of San Jacinto. b. The Alamo. c. The Battle of the Sierra Madre Mountains. d. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

a. The Battle of San Jacinto.

The difference between the First and Second Confiscation Acts was a. The First freed fugitive slaves the Confederacy was using to aid their war effort, while the Second freed all fugitive slaves of rebel owners. b. The First freed all fugitive slaves of rebel owners, while the Second confiscated all other property of the slaveholders. c. The First freed fugitive slaves the Confederacy was using to aid their war effort on the battlefront (mostly Virginia), while the Second extended the law to all slaves in the Confederate South. d. The First freed all fugitive slaves of rebel owners, but the Second partly reversed that order and freed only slaves the Confederacy was using in its war effort.

a. The First freed fugitive slaves the Confederacy was using to aid their war effort, while the Second freed all fugitive slaves of rebel owners.

In 1850, the region of the South that was home to the largest plantations and highest concentrations of slaves was a. The Mississippi River Delta. b. The South Carolina Sea Islands. c. Virginia. d. Maryland.

a. The Mississippi River Delta.

Brigham Young was the leader of a. The Mormons in Utah. b. The US military in the Southwest. c. The Methodist missions in the Lakota territory. d. The Texas rangers in the 1830s.

a. The Mormons of Utah.

According to W.E.B. DuBois, the greatest tragedy of Reconstruction was that a. The country did not embrace all of its provisions and grasp its real significance. b. Northerners lost interest in the freedom of former slaves once the Civil War was over. c. It was directed by a Republican-controlled Congress rather than a compromise between Democrats and Republicans. d. It happened too early in the 19th century.

a. The country did not embrace all of its provisions and grasp its real significance.

President Andrew Johnson disliked a. The planter elite of the South. b. The railroad barons of the West. c. President Lincoln. d. None of these.

a. The planter elite of the South.

Before planters could move safely into Alabama and Mississippi, what was necessary? a. The removal of the Cherokee Indians. b. Federal subsidies for homesteading. c. The development of the Cotton Exchange in New Orleans. d. The end of the international slave trade in the United States.

a. The removal of the Cherokee Indians.

Slaves prices increased 100% between 1850 and 1860 due to a. The rise of the cotton kingdom. b. Inflation. c. Fewer slaves were offered to sale. d. Slave owners held on to their "property."

a. The rise of the cotton kingdom.

In the Oregon border dispute, Britain wanted to avoid conflict with the US because it a. Was the US's largest trading partner. b. Lost two wars to the US. c. Feared it would lose its West Indies colonies. d. Feared the US Navy.

a. Was the US's largest trading partner.

Who wrote "the governance of slaves rested on despotism." a. William Dusinberre b. Andrew Jackson c. Harriet Beecher Stowe d. Francis Kemble

a. William Dusinberre

Who wrote that he will be "as harsh, truthful, and uncompromising" on the issue of slavery? a. William Lloyd Garrison b. Frederick Douglass c. David Walker d. James Forten

a. William Lloyd Garrison

Bosque Redondo was a. One of the establecimento de paz's of Mexico in the Southwest. b. A reservation where Navajo Indians were kept to make room for white settlers on their lands. c. The fort that fell during the Battle of San Jacinto. d. The place where Mexican troops slaughtered 169 Apache in the northwest Mexican borderland.

b. A reservation where Navajo Indians were kept to make room from white settlers on their lands.

What was the role of a "driver" on a slave plantation? a. The black person who would transport rented slaves to other plantations. b. A slave put in charge of smaller groups of gangs on a plantation. c. A white man who worked for the slave owner and directed work in the fields on a plantation. d. A mechanism that drove the cotton gin and was manned by as many as three slaves.

b. A slave put in charge of smaller groups of gangs on a plantation.

Horses changed the life of Native peoples on the Great Plains because a. Horses allowed them to hunt buffalo more easily and safely. b. All of these. c. Horses allowed them to carry more goods and possessions. d. Some peoples, such as the Lakota, abandoned farming to hunt exclusively the buffalo.

b. All of these

An aspect of American culture that the Cherokee adopted was a. The cultivation of commercial crops. b. All of these. c. A written constitution and code of laws. d. The use of enslaved African Americans as a labor force.

b. All of these.

While the French, British, Americans, and Natives of the Pacific Northwest traded many things, the global trade product that they were most interested in trading was a. Gold. b. Fur pelts. c. Shells and limestone. d. Fish.

b. Fur pelts.

The author of the doctrine of "civil disobedience" was a. Frederick Jackson Turner. b. Henry David Thoreau. c. Frederick Douglass. d. Abraham Lincoln.

b. Henry David Thoreau.

James K. Polk precipitated the Mexican American War by ordering American troops a. To San Diego, California. b. Into the disputed border zone between the Rio Grande and the Nueces River. c. To camp on the south side of the Nueces River. d. To remain Just north of Santa Fe, New Mexico.

b. Into the disputed border zone between the Rio Grande and the Nueces River.

In order to counter Indian raids and create stability in their northern province of Texas, the Mexican government a. Declared all-out war on the Comanches in 1836. b. Invited Anglo-Americans to settle the province. c. Exchanged the province to the United States for California. d. None of these.

b. Invited Anglo-American to settle the province.

What did Special Field Order #15 do? a. It was the standing Union army in the South that imprisoned any Southerners who prevented former slaves from voting. b. It was a military order that gave freed people thousands of acres of land confiscated from Confederate sympathizers. c. It was an order that allowed raiders to capture cotton shipments on the Mississippi River and deliver it to the Union army. d. This was a presidential order from Andrew Johnson that returned hundreds of thousands of acres of land to Confederate officials.

b. It was a military order that gave freed people thousands of acres of land confiscated from confederate sympathizers.

Who was the president of the Confederate States of America? a. Robert E. Lee b. Jefferson Davis c. Alexander Stephens d. Thomas Jefferson

b. Jefferson Davis

After the Civil War, there was a "War Within" -- between black domestics and a. Black men. b. Landowning women. c. Masters. d. The Freedmen's Bureau.

b. Landowning women.

John Gast's painting American Progress symbolizes the ideology of a. Temperance. b. Manifest Destiny. c. Abolitionism. d. Republicanism.

b. Manifest Destiny.

John C. Calhoun argued that slavery was a. So important to the economy of the US that its moral difficulties were worth suffering. b. Not a necessary evil, but a positive good. c. A necessary evil. d. Essential to modern civilization just as during the Roman Republic.

b. Not a necessary evil, but a positive good.

According to Robert Fogel, the gang system of slave labor a. Produced about 39 percent LESS output than free farms or small slave farms. b. Produced about 39 percent or MORE output than free farms or small slave farms. c. Produced roughly the same output as free farms and small slave farms. d. Proved to be completely inefficient and slaveholders actually lost money by using slave labor in the gang system.

b. Produced about 39 percent or MORE output than free farms or small slave farms.

According to the Apache, there was a difference between raiding and warfare. a. FALSE b. TRUE

b. TRUE

After the congressional elections of 1866, the moderates and Radical Republicans began to see that giving Black men the vote would be the best lever to reconstruct the South. a. FALSE b. TRUE

b. TRUE

Because of the timing of legislation in the federal and state systems, all African American men in the South could vote before most African American men in the North. a. FALSE b. TRUE

b. TRUE

Connecticut, Minnesota and Wisconsin rejected referenda in support of the Black men's vote. a. FALSE b. TRUE

b. TRUE

During the 1860 presidential election, most slaveholding states did not have Abraham Lincoln's name on the ballot. a. FALSE b. TRUE

b. TRUE

During the wars with the Indians on the Great Plains, the United States military relied on scouts from opposing Indian nations. a. FALSE b. TRUE

b. TRUE

Historical literature, fiction, and films distort the brutal facts of slavery. a. FALSE b. TRUE

b. TRUE

Nearly three-fourths of all white southerners owned no slaves at all. a. FALSE b. TRUE

b. TRUE

On larger slave plantations most of the labor was broken down into specialties (plow hands, picking, etc.). a. FALSE b. TRUE

b. TRUE

Plantation mistresses often suffered from psychological spousal abuse. a. FALSE b. TRUE

b. TRUE

Retaining the allegiance of the border states was a critical piece of Lincoln's policy in the first year of the war. a. FALSE b. TRUE

b. TRUE

Texas Rangers hunted and killed Mexican "bandits." a. FALSE b. TRUE

b. TRUE

The Emancipation Proclamation transformed the basis on which the Union fought the Civil War, making the war about the abolition of slavery. a. FALSE b. TRUE

b. TRUE

The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 made the "republic a hunting ground for men." a. FALSE b. TRUE

b. TRUE

The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 required Northerners to turn over fugitive slaves to the authorities. a. FALSE b. TRUE

b. TRUE

The Julianton Plantation was an example of an elite planter's house. a. FALSE b. TRUE

b. TRUE

The Lakota transformed from refugees to a powerful, firearm-equipped culture centered around buffalo hunting. a. FALSE b. TRUE

b. TRUE

The event during the summer of 1866 that caused many Northerners to vote for Congressional Republicans and against the president's vision of Reconstruction was a. Johnson's refusal to take to the campaign trail to get support for his view of Reconstruction. b. The race riots in Memphis and New Orleans where Whites killed a number of Blacks. c. The many Native American wars in the West that people felt Johnson was not handling well. d. Alexander Stephens' election to Congress.

b. The race riots in Memphis and New Orleans where Whites killed a number of Blacks.

Why was short-staple cotton not commercially viable before the invention of the cotton gin? a. The plant was not available at earlier times. b. The seed was difficult to separate by hand from the fiber. c. That form of cotton was not needed in early factories. d. The seed was to small to be taken off by hand.

b. The seed was difficult to separate by hand from the fiber.

Which of the following best describes the concentration of wealth in the South between 1850 and 1860? a. The number of poorer, non-slaveholding Whites was growing fewer in number, while the wealthiest Whites were becoming greater. b. The wealthiest Whites were becoming wealthier and fewer in number, while the number of poorer, non-slaveholding Whites was becoming greater. c. Poorer, non-slaveholding Whites were increasing their wealth by growing cotton. d. Slaveholding in the South was becoming near universal, helping to spread the wealth fairly evenly across all the region.

b. The wealthiest Whites were becoming wealthier and fewer in number, while the number of poorer, non-slaveholding Whites was becoming greater.

The United States faced many challenges when it gained over one million square miles of territory from Mexico including a. Citizenship and rights of former Mexican citizens now in US territory. b. What to do with religious diversity such as Native spirituality and Mormonism. c. All of these. d. What form of labor, slave or free, would spread into the newly acquired territories.

c. All of these.

"Bleeding Kansas" refers to a. A massive drought in the Kansas Territory in the 1840s that killed almost 10 percent of the people. b. The popular name given to the legislation that allowed Kansans to choose whether they would have slavery. c. An incident in which pro-slavery forces attacked the Free Soil town of Lawrence, followed by retaliation from antislavery advocates led by John Brown. d. A massive slave revolt in Kansas in 1855.

c. An incident in which pro-slavery forces attacked the Free Soil town of Lawrence, followed by retaliation from antislavery advocates led by John Brown.

The crop that "fueled territorial expansion and westward migration" more than any other was a. Rice. b. Tobacco. c. Cotton. d. None of these.

c. Cotton.

The Spanish were motivated to establish missions in California because they wanted to a. Exploit the gold fields in California. b. Create an alternative Pacific port to Acapulco. c. Counter Russian exploration and interest in California. d. Develop the beaver fur trade in California.

c. Counter Russian exploration and interest in California.

Who wrote that slavery created a "bond of interest that encouraged Christian behavior"? a. Emily Burke b. Francis Kemble c. Eugene Genovese d. William Dusinberre

c. Eugene Genovese

How did John Wilkes Booth become a historical figure? a. He was the commander of Fort Sumter. b. He was a Confederate general. c. He assassinated Abraham Lincoln. d. He was vice president under Abraham Lincoln.

c. He assassinated Abraham Lincoln.

In Lincoln's First inaugural address, he told Southerners that a. They must free their slaves immediately or risk war. b. He would agree to all of their requirements, if they would not secede. c. He would block slavery in the West but not in the states where it existed. d. He would agree to Breckenridge's plans for slavery's continuation in states where it existed.

c. He would block slavery in the West but not in the states where it existed.

The layout of a southern plantation shows a. Inefficient systems of labor and poor capitalistic practices. b. Small fiefdoms. c. Highly functional labor systems and self-sufficient capitalistic labor systems. d. Self-sufficient workplaces that imported many European goods.

c. Highly functional labor systems and self-sufficient capitalistic labor systems.

The technological change brought by the Spanish to North America that radically changed the way of life for Indians, especially on the Great Plains, was a. Iron pots and pans. b. Town and city building. c. Horses. d. Bison.

c. Horses.

The United States and Great Britain resolved their territorial disputes over the Pacific Northwest a. In the War of 1812. b. Through Manifest Destiny. c. In 1848 when the present border between the US and Canada was negotiated and created. d. Peace treaties with the Native groups.

c. In 1848 when the present border between the US and Canada was negotiated and created.

Fort Sumter was located a. At the mouth of the St. John's River in Florida. b. Across from the Union"s Fort Monroe on the Virginia side, opening into the Chesapeake Bay. c. In Charleston Harbor in South Carolina. d. In the New Orleans Harbor on the Mississippi River.

c. In Charleston Harbor in South Carolina.

In 1820, cotton production in the US was sparse. What triggered the increase in cotton production? a. The Lewis and Clark Expedition b. The decline of tobacco exports c. The Louisiana Purchase d. The development of the textile factories in England

c. The Louisiana Purchase

One way the Lewis and Clark Expedition knew they were drawing closer to the Pacific Coast was that a. Existing maps reflected it. b. They encountered European forts. c. The Native peoples they encountered were often wearing European clothing and equipped with European weapons. d. They encountered European traders who dressed and lived among the Natives.

c. The Native peoples they encountered were often wearing European clothing and equipped with European weapons.

What was the role of a plantation overseer? a. To manage the accounts b. To wake up the slaves in the morning c. To direct work in the fields d. To oversee the rationing of slave provisions

c. To direct work in the fields

The Union general who captured Atlanta was a. George A. Klein. b. George McClellan. c. William Tecumseh Sherman. d. William T. Butler.

c. William Tecumseh Sherman.

John Ridge was a. An Apache warrior. b. A Lakota chief. c. A Comanche medicine man. d. A Cherokee leader.

d. A Cherokee leader.

The "Lost Cause" movement was a. A sense that White women in the South did not have to share the shame of their husbands's losses in the Civil War. b. A belief that the Confederacy could have won the war had they received support from European nations. c. An assertion that White Confederate soldiers were betrayed by their slaves in the Civil War. d. A myth that plantation mistresses were not only proper women but maternal and benevolent masters to their slaves.

d. A myth that plantation mistresses were not only proper women but maternal and benevolent masters to their slaves.

The Emancipation Proclamation was a. Preceded by the First and Second Confiscation Acts. b. Preceded by General David Butler's declaration that the slaves of rebel owners were "contraband of war." c. First announced by Lincoln to his cabinet on July 22, 1862. d. All of these

d. All of these

The statement which best describes the typical yeoman farmer in the South prior to the Civil War is a. They worked small subsistence farms. b. They typically owned no slaves. c. They typically only grew small amounts of cash crops. d. All of these

d. All of these

Why did Lincoln's election in 1860 lead to the secession crisis? a. Southerners feared that Lincoln would put an end to slavery. b. South Carolina's militia fired on federal ships coming into the harbor of Charleston to replenish supplies. c. South Carolina seceded from the Union when Lincoln won the election. d. All of these

d. All of these

Why did the federal government blockade the coast of the Confederates States? a. To stop the import of food. b. To stop the export of cotton. c. To stop the import of weapons. d. All of these

d. All of these

In order to win the war, the Union would have to a. Defeat the southern armies. b. Subdue a hostile southern population. c. Advance into Confederate territory. d. All of these.

d. All of these.

Slavery was made more possible because of a. Resettlement of Native Americans. b. Wars of conquest in both Africa and the Americas. c. US expansion across the continent. d. All of these.

d. All of these.

The Comanche Empire a. Was the most powerful Native group in the Southwest. b. Dominated North Mexico and West Texas. c. Was based on the horse culture. d. All of these.

d. All of these.

What was an effect of increased Comanche and Apache raids on Mexican settlements? a. Many northern Mexican settlements were abandoned. b. Mexico encouraged foreigners to settle in Texas. c. The Mexican military was greatly weakened in northern Mexico. d. All of these.

d. All of these.

The First Confiscation Act, passed by Congress in 1861, a. Declared all slaves of disloyal slaveholders in Missouri to be free. b. Emancipated slaves in South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. c. Declared fugitive slaves of rebel owners "forever free." d. Allowed for the confiscation of slaves used to aid the Confederacy.

d. Allowed for the confiscation of slaves used to aid the Confederacy.

Why did the 15th Amendment have its most immediate impact in the North? a. Northern states were finally allowed to extend the right to vote to women. b. The amendment was easier to enforce in the North. c. Black men were already guaranteed the right to vote in the North. d. Black men were finally given the right to vote after having been prevented by many states.

d. Black men were finally given the right to vote after having been prevented by many states.

By 1860, southern plantations were important to the US economy and a. Domestic markets. b. Insurances. c. US shipping. d. Global markets.

d. Global markets.

The accomplished hunters of buffalo on the Great Plains were a. Cherokees. b. Crows. c. Apaches. d. Lakotas.

d. Lakotas.

The invention of the cotton gin changed the southern cotton industry by a. Making it more likely that tobacco would be grown instead of cotton. b. Spreading cotton production, though it became less profitable. c. Making it less profitable to grow cotton on large plantations, so production moved to small, non-slaveholding farms. d. Making it much more profitable to grow new varieties of cotton that could thrive further west and north.

d. Making it much more profitable to grow new varieties of cotton that could thrive further west and north.

Francis Kemble called which group of people "the most degraded race of human beings claiming an Anglo-Saxon origin that can be found on the face of the earth." a. Wealthy plantation owners with dozens, even hundreds of slaves. b. Middling slave owners with a dozen or so slaves. c. Small farmers with only a few slaves. d. Non-slaveholding Whites

d. Non-slaveholding Whites

Prior to the attack on Fort Sumter, Lincoln attempted to compromise with the seceded states. To bring them back into the Union, Lincoln offered to a. Have the federal government buy all slaves. b. Allow any state to keep slavery so long as they returned to the Union prior to the end of the year. c. Allow slavery in all states. d. Not interfere with slavery in the states where it existed.

d. Not interfere with slavery in the states where it existed.

After "home rule" was established in the South after 1877, which acts of the Republican Congress were then declared unconstitutional? a. Indian Removal Acts b. War Acts c. Confiscation Acts d. Reconstruction Acts of 1867

d. Reconstruction Acts of 1867

Large southern plantations were in general a. A part of a larger town. b. In need of assistance. c. In need of service from others. d. Self-contained.

d. Self-contained.

The Indian Removal Act, signed by President Andrew Jackson in 1830 a. Forced 6,000 Cherokee to move to Texas. b. Forced the Lakota out of their native lands. c. Set aside funds and forced the Iroquois and other tribes to move east of the Mississippi. d. Set aside funds and forced the Cherokee and other tribes to move west of the Mississippi.

d. Set aside funds and forced the Cherokee and other tribes to move west of the Mississippi.

Cherokees were so influenced by European culture that they even practiced a. Sailing. b. Rodeos. c. Country dancing. d. Slavery.

d. Slavery.

Which state led the secession movement? a. Mississippi. b. Alabama. c. Louisiana. d. South Carolina.

d. South Carolina.

The establecimientos de paz were peace settlements between the a. United States and the Cherokee. b. United States and the Cree. c. Spanish and the Lakota. d. Spanish and the Apache.

d. Spanish and the Apache.

When the US launched military attacks against Mexico, the scenario consisted of a. Zachary Taylor attacking California; Winfield Scott marching from Texas to Mexico City, and Stephen Kearney capturing the port of Vera Cruz and marching inland to join the forces of Scott at Mexico City. b. Zachary Taylor marching an army from Texas directly through northern Mexico to Mexico City with Stephen Kearney holding his northern flank, and Winfield Scott capturing Mexico's major port at Vera Cruz. c. Winfield Scott assaulting Vera Cruz by sea and quickly marching inland to capture the Mexican capital in Mexico City while Stephen Kearney and Zachary Taylor were holding Texas and New Mexico. d. Stephen Kearney attacking California; Zachary Taylor marching from Texas into northern Mexico, and Winfield Scott orchestrating a naval attack at Vera Cruz and marching to Mexico City.

d. Stephen Kearney attacking California; Zachary Taylor marching from Texas into northern Mexico, and Winfield Scott orchestrating a naval attack at Vera Cruz and marching to Mexico City.

Americans remember the Alamo because a. It demonstrates the racial differences between the Tejanos and the Americans. b. The battle of the Alamo shows the strength of our nation against aggressive nations such as Mexico. c. The heroic stories of Davy Crockett and others fuel our patriotic spirit. d. The Alamo places the US in the role of the victim instead of the aggressor.

d. The Alamo places the US in the role of the victim instead of the aggressor.

European explorers in the 1770s, such as James Cook, were originally searching for a. Legendary lost cities of gold. b. Beaver pelts for trading. c. A thriving marine ecosystem for commercial fishing. d. The legendary Northwest Passage linking the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.

d. The legendary Northwest Passage linking the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.

The "Grasp of War" argument of the Radical Republicans in 1867 justified a. The withholding the vote from former Confederate soldiers. b. Federal grants of 40 acres and a mule to each former male slave. c. The mandatory appointment of Black congressmen. d. The utilization of military districts administered by federal governors in the South.

d. The utilization of military districts administered by federal governors in the South.

Roger Taney wrote in the Dred Scott decision that even if Blacks were free at the time of the writing of the US Constitution a. They could not own land. b. They were not intelligent enough to become citizens. c. They had to leave the country. d. They had to be dominated by their betters -- White men.

d. They had to be dominated by their betters-- White men.

Most Northerners were lukewarm to Reconstruction until a. The assassination of Abraham Lincoln. b. The election of President Andrew Johnson. c. The election of Confederate Vice President Andrew Stephens to Congress. d. They heard reports from the South about violence against freedmen and southern Unionists.

d. They heard reports from the South about violence against freedmen and southern Unionists.