History Notecards

"History: What If the Black Death Had Been Avoided?" Quora. Accessed March 29, 2013. http://www.quora.com/History/What-if-the-Black-Death-had-been-avoided.

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"Jewish History." Jewish History. Accessed March 29, 2013. http://www.jewishhistory.org/the-black-death/.

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Benedictow, Ole. The Black Death. History Today 55, no. 3 (January 2005): 42.

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Boccaccio, Giovanni. The Decameron vol. I. Translated by Richard Aldington. New York: Garden City Publishing, 1930.

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Bridbury, A. The Black Death. The Economic History Review 26, no. 4 (November 1973): 557-592.

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Cohn, K. & Samuel, K. The Black Death. End of a Paradigm. American Historical Review 107, no. 3 (December 2002): 703.

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Conclusion However, the Black Plague was good for one thing, it was also the reason for the Western Europe to power.

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Conclusion Mongols were heavily incorporated in trade, especially along the spice route.

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Conclusion People in Mongol started to die, so the king decided to conquer other countries.

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Conclusion Religious groups were persecuted, which further caused chaos and casualties during the time of the greatest epidemic to ever hit Europe.

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Conclusion The Black Death it caused economic, social, and political upheaval for decades and altered European history forever.

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Conclusion The Black Death killed about 50% of all Europeans

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Conclusion The Mongols did not attempt to control or even acknowledge the disease until it was too late. They increased trade and war in times of their death to try to widen their boundaries to avoid the plague

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Conclusion The Mongols had vast control over the area of China that the Black Death originated from.

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Conclusion The Mongols involvement in trade brought the Black Plague through the most populated and use spice route in all of Europe. The conquering of other countries also helped the disease to spread more quickly to other kingdoms

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Conclusion The Mongols were the ones who facilitated the Black Death throughout Europe, but Rats were the initial carriers of the disease and are credited for spreading it.

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Day, James. The Origins, Spread, and Effects of the Black Death. New York: Macmillan, 1989.

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Demaitre, Luke. The Black Death Transformed. The Medieval Review (March 2003): 243.

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Di Coppo Stefani, Marchione. Cronaca Florentina vol. XXX. Edited by Niccolo Rodolico. Citta di Castello: Tipi dell' Editore, 1903.

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Effects of the Black Death During this time, people responded in different ways religiously. People either turned towards and away from God for two reasons: They thought 'God hates us' OR ;God wants us to suffer and then he will let the loyal ones survive.'

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Effects of the Black Death People abandoned their families and fled to their countryside estates to try to escape the Black Death; thus further facilitating it.

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Effects of the Black Death People thought they were all going to die so they started getting into large alcoholic orgies and lived life like everyday would be their last because it very well may be.

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Effects of the Black Death The flagellants arose—religious group of people who beat themselves to show God they were loyal. Also killed other religious groups and terrorized Europe--specifically the Jews.

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Hecker, I. Black Death in the Fourteenth Century. London: Schloss, 1833.

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Impact of the Black Death "In analyzing the events of the Mongol Empire and their relation to the Black Death, it becomes clear that the Mongols were in part responsible for the spread of this deadly epidemic."

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Impact of the Black Death "Thus, during the period following the spread of the Black Death, Western Europe was able to expand in power and influence. This would eventually lead to a permanent shift of world power from Eastern to Western Eurasia."

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Impact of the Black Death "While the Black Death was bringing about the decline of the Mongol Empire in the East, its destruction in western Europe had led to a new era of learning and discovery; the Renaissance."

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Impact of the Black Death Because of the spreading of the world's most deadly epidemic, the Mongols led to their own demise, contributed to the rise in Western Europe's power, and devastated all of Europe for decades.

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Impact of the Black Death Western Europe had previously been spared from the powerhouse Mongolian army because they did not have much to offer. Since the Mongols did not attack Western Europe, the plague hit them late and weak.

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Introduction And the third being that people lost their faith in God.

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Introduction Because death was so prevalent, the European people became obsessed about it and about salvation. They thought that perhaps God was punishing them for their sins, and marched around in these processions carrying huge heavy crosses on their backs or whipping themselves to repent.

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Introduction In pre-plague Europe, sanitation was terrible. People lived in these filthy, packed towns, bathing about twice a year and dumping their feces onto the streets.

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Introduction Life during the Plague was terrible. There were so many dead that there were not enough living to bury them all. Corpses grew rotten on the streets. The stench of the dead the dying was everywhere. The pain during the disease itself, though short, was excruciating.

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Introduction The Plague all started when ships returning from Asia came to Europe, bearing in their cabins stowaway rats who had been infested with flees that carried the Plague. These rats jumped onto humans and bit them, and the Plague quickly spread.

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Introduction The Plague had three main effects during and after it

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Introduction The first being a lot of serfs, or peasants, died, and therefore the general power of the serf over his Lord was increased. Serfs became to have a lot more freedom because of the shortage of labor, and they were able to demand more, and even obtain their freedom.

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Introduction The second being the value of luxury goods increased, because that was all people could find salvation in. Artisans that were skilled in trades such as silks or pottery could charge enormous amounts of payment for their goods, and as a result, cities bloomed. Nobility became obsolete.

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Life After the Plague After the plague was over, life was completely altered. There was less people, more crime, and more land.

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Life After the Plague Families were no more, as people had to individually live for themselves and find food and water and survive.

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Life After the Plague Serfdom declined as a direct result of the immense amounts of inhabited land.

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Life After the Plague Theft, murder, and illegal activity increased across Europe because the governments were all so weak

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Nohl, Johannes. The Black Death. Translated by C.H. Clarke. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1926.

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Pamuk, Sevket. The Black Death and the origins of the 'Great Divergence' across Europe. European Review of Economic History 11, no. 3 (November 2007): 289.

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Religious Effects of the Black Death Groups of killers arose that murdered Jewish pogroms and Jewish societies because they believed that the plague would go away once all of the Jews were exterminated.

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Religious Effects of the Black Death People had no idea the plague started with the Mongols, so they used the Jews as a scapegoat

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Religious Effects of the Black Death This resulted in even more deaths; like the Black Plague wasn't enough.

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Religious Effects of the Black Death This resulted in the persecution of Jews across Europe.

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Salkeld, L. & Bates, C. Black Death backtrack: Don't blame the rats, the plague was 'spread by people'. Central European History (June 2011): 20.

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Senker, Cath. Black Death 1347-1350: The Plague Spreads Across Europe. Chicago: Raintree, 2006.

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Sue, Rebecca. "The Mongols and Plague." Suite101.com. March 10, 2009. Accessed March 29, 2013. http://suite101.com/article/the-mongols-and-plague-a101652.

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The Black Death and the origins of the 'Great Divergence' across Europe. The actual spread of the Black Death was caused by Rats moving throughout Europe. The most common form of the plague killed about 50% of its victims

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The Black Death in the Fourteenth Century Even though Western Europe did come into contact with the Black Death and suffered their own casualties, some may say that it was beneficial to them because of the power surge it created.

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The Black Death in the Fourteenth Century If it weren't for the Mongols, the Black Death would have secluded in China and would not have spread throughout Europe.

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The Black Death in the Fourteenth Century The Black Death caused economic, social, and political upheaval; also, it contributed to an increased crime rate because chaos was common and military officials were dying in large numbers.

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The Black Death in the Fourteenth Century The Black Death killed approximately half of all Europeans and devastated Europe as a whole.

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The Black Death in the Fourteenth Century The Black Death would not have devastated Europe like it did; the effects would have been minimal. China would probably be less of a world power today compared to the rest of Europe.

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The Black Death in the Fourteenth Century The kingdoms and countries of Europe would have been stable and the Western World would not have gained power over most of Europe, which would alter political life in Europe in the modern day.

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The Mongols and Plague "Many people overlook the connection between the Mongol empire and the Black Death. However, the great Eurasian empire may have been responsible for this epidemic."

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The Mongols and Plague "The Mongols had vast control over the area of China, and it is here that the dreaded Bubonic Plague, or Black Death, originated."

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The Mongols and Plague After Mongolian trade declined, the Mongols tried to gain new territory to get more supplies. This resulted in the further spread of the Black Death.

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The Mongols and Plague The Black Death eventually destroyed the Mongols from within and brought about their decline and eventual collapse.

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The Mongols and Plague The Mongols were the most powerful military force in pre-modern times. Their empire expanded from Korea to Hungary to Egypt.

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The Mongols and Plague The plague soon spread throughout Mongolian trade routes, which ultimately led to a heavy decline in Mongolian trade during the 1350's and 1360's

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The Origins and the Spread of the Black Death All-in-all, it caused the complete downfall of Mongolia and the destruction Europeans abroad, nobody was spared.

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The Origins and the Spread of the Black Death Black Death cleared out Mongolia as a superpower and replaced the region of Eurasia instead.

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The Origins and the Spread of the Black Death The Black Death began on Mongolian territory and was not quarantined whatsoever, which is what allowed the spread to occur

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The Origins and the Spread of the Black Death The Black Death spread through the Spice Routes because of the Mongols and their bringing of the disease all throughout Europe

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The Origins and the Spread of the Black Death The conquering of other countries allowed the Black Death to spread rapidly at first so that it couldn't be contained

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The Origins and the Spread of the Black Death The geography of countries around Mongol was completely changed due to many places being wiped off the map (exterminated).

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The Origins and the Spread of the Black Death This 'extinction' of countries led to vast lands with small populations, which in turn led to huge surpluses of land and food after the plague was over.

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What is the Black Death Had Been Avoided? If Mongolia could have quarantined the Black Death, the effects on Mongolia themselves wouldn't have been much better. Most of the population still would have perished, but some people may have survived and been able to stop the collapse of the Mongolian Empire.

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What is the Black Death Had Been Avoided? If the Black Death could have been contained, the effects on Europe would have been massive.

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What is the Black Death Had Been Avoided? Mongolia would have been wiped off the map and taken over by another country.

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What is the Black Death Had Been Avoided? The Jewish population during the 14th and 15th centuries would prosper better than it otherwise did due to the persecution they suffered by the hands of many extermination groups.

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What is the Black Death Had Been Avoided? The Mongols could have done any things to better quarantine or stop the Black Death from spreading. They could have killed off the infected people. They could have separated the infected from the rest of society.

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What is the Black Death Had Been Avoided? Trade would have declined because of the absence of the Mongols and another country would step up to become the world's next superpower.

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Why Jews were Less Affected "According to Jewish law, one could not eat food without washing one's hands, leaving the bathroom and after any sort of intimate human contact."

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Why Jews were Less Affected "At least once a week, a Jew bathed for the Sabbath."

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Why Jews were Less Affected "Furthermore, Jewish law prevents the Jew from reciting blessings and saying prayers by an open pit at latrines and at places with a foul odor."

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Why Jews were Less Affected "In addition to Christian persecution, Jews were also dying from the Black Death. It is hard to tell whether proportionally more Jews died from the plague or the persecutions."

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Why Jews were Less Affected "Jewish law compels one to wash his or her hands many times throughout the day. In the general medieval world a person could go half his or her life without ever washing his hands."

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Why Jews were Less Affected "The Christians claimed that the Jews died at only half the rate. Even if true, it would then be about 20% of the Jewish population who died from the plague."

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Why Jews were Less Affected Catholics suggested they had 'evidence' that explained why Jews were being effected less by the plague than Christens. So to balance it out, they killed the Jews instead.

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Why Jews were Less Affected Even if this is true, it can be attributable to the sanitary practices of Judaism listed in the following notecards:

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Why Jews were Less Affected So to summarize, the sanitary conditions that are followed in Judaism may be primitive by today's standards; however, it was far superior to the general sanitary conditions of the 1300's

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