History of GD Quiz #2

A.M. Cassandre

Ukrainian born, French designer. YSL logo-VERY Art Deco. GREATEST POSTER MAKER. was a painter, commercial poster artist and typeface designer. His inventive graphic techniques executed in clear, simplified forms show influences of Surrealism and Cubism and became very popular in Europe and the US during the 1930s

Richard Floethe

WPA would hire artists without work He ran program, art for benefit of everyone From bauhaus

Herbert Matter

Who designed the New York, New Haven, and Hartford Railroad trademark in 1954? The design included a geometric slab-serif capital N above an H, and a red, black, and white color scheme.

Constructivism

1) Not any particular branch of art (e.g. a picture of poems) but art as a whole. 2) Not expressing one's personal experiences and moods, but looking for a practical application for the creative drive, flowing from the original instinct of art, displayed in every product of human labor. 3) Construction determines the form, form has its origin in construction, Application of the achievements of technology to expand the range of formal opportunities 4) Building of a thing according to its own principles 5) The property of the created thing must depend on the employed materiality

John Heartfield

1920-30's, communist, socialist, DADA. AIZ magazine

Surrealism

1922, most DADA people have moved to either constructionism or surrealism. An artistic movement that displayed vivid dream worlds and fantastic unreal images. Salvadore Dali

W A Dwiggins

1922/23, boston: first person to call himself a graphic designer. interested in juxtaposition of color. "You're enticed by the dust jacket...then you throw it away"

Cubism

A style of art in which the subject matter is portrayed by geometric forms, especially cubes. started by Pablo Picasso, fragmentation, transparency, simultaneity (looking at the same thing from different perspectives), collage was legitimized by this movement

Cipe Pineles

During the 1940s, only a moderate number of American magazines were designed well. These included Fortune, Harper's Bazaar, and Vogue. An art director's assistant at Vogue during the 1930s,made a major contribution to editorial design during the 1940s and 1950s, first as the art director at Glamour, then at Seventeen, Charm, and Mademoiselle. Her publication designs were characterized by a lyrical appreciation of color, pattern, and form. She became the first woman admitted to membership in the New York Art Director's Club. On a cover for Seventeen she designed in 1949, stripe patterns and a mirror-image reflection achieved a graphic vitality.

Photomontage

cameras used to be huge, germans started working on hand held camera. Invented after WW2, and became tool for most constructionists. The process of combining parts of various photographs in one photograph.

Herbert Bayer

Austrian, studied at the Bauhaus, one of the 3 most important "graphicers". Taught Advertisement. Went from influence of DaDa to constructionism. Moves to Colorado, obsessed with making alphabets based on geometry, designs an only lower case alphabet (Germans thought he was wrong for this).

Futurism

Begins in 1909 in Italy, trying to work out from cubism. Motion and movement, more aggressive. performative trying to break down to society and get out of institutions. art movement that championed war as a cleansing agent and that celebrated the speed and dynamism of modern technology.

William Golden, Georg Olden

CBS, TV logo, THE PLACE to go work as a graphic designer in 1950's. Golden is Art Director, using ideas of contrast. Typeface: Bedoni Dido. Olden-designed identity of every program, African American

Art Deco

Descended from Art Nouveau, this movement of the 1920s and 1930s sought to upgrade industrial design in competition with "fine art" and to work new materials into decorative patterns that could be either machined or handcrafted. Characterized by streamlined, elongated, and symmetrical design.

Jan Tschichold

New Typography

Walter Gropius

German architect who broke form previous design with light, airy, bright buildings of glass and iron, leader of the Bauhaus for longest time. After Bauhaus teaches @ Harvard.

El Lissitzky

Innovator Paintings that he did of shapes floating in space Learned this from malevich Offered to do installation in germany, made one of constructions into 3d space, Like walking into painting First example of installation walking into room He was showing work of people he knew ex. Mondrian Pieces of wood coming off wall Painted white on white side gray in middle and black on other Can see paintings on wall on white background, grey background, black background Innovation on treating surface of what you put paintings on. Effects of time and motion Experimenter Design and art exhibits of traveling works What life was like in soviet union Works traveling to germany, france, switzerland Exhibits on health (now healthier, sports), things they made (furs) Press- magazines and newspapers Space completely filled with interesting things to look at. Exhibit design telling stories in space Involved in planning, and each element created by 1 or 2 people under him Moving part of exhibit, first time people saw this. Elements on vertical conveyor belt Examples of magazines and newspapers Futuristic idea Every part has interesting forms and shapes

Otto Neurath, Marie Riedemester, Gerd Arntz

Isotype

Leonetto Cappiello

Leonetto Cappiello (9 April 1875 - 2 February 1942) was an Italian and French poster art designer and painter, who mainly lived and worked in Paris.[1] He is now often called 'the father of modern advertising' because of his innovation in poster design. The early advertising poster was characterized by a painterly quality as evidenced by early poster artists Jules Chéret, Alfred Choubrac and Hugo D'Alesi. Cappiello, like other young artists, worked in a way that was almost the opposite of his predecessors. He was the first poster artist to use bold figures popping out of black backgrounds, a startling contrast to the posters early norm

Henry Beck

London Underground Map, which was only made of 45 and 90 degree angles, less true to geometry and more about systems.

London Underground

London underground First and largest underground public transportation Symbol used everywhere Along with the name, particular typeface, branding Frank pic pr person Commissioned some of most well recognized Showed where to go Trying to get rid of dark scary stereotype Successful, increased riders Changed details of logo but kept basic structure same Stations had same typeface, Everything connected Everything in johnson typeface, first great sans serif

Werkbund

Movement in early 20th c Germany which sought to ally designers with industry to improve quality of industrial goods. Schism in the Werkbund: Muthesius: Norm, standardization, typisierung, design for industry; Van de Velde: individualism, craft, expression, Art Nouveau eccentricity.

The New Typography

New Typography movement brought graphics and information design to the forefront of the artistic avant-garde in Central Europe. Rejecting traditional arrangement of type in symmetrical columns, modernist designers organized the printed page or poster as a blank field in which blocks of type and illustration (frequently photomontage) could be arranged in harmonious, strikingly asymmetrical compositions. Its chief German proponent, Jan Tschichold, designed typefaces that emphasized clarity. Rules of new typography Focused on asymmetry Do not use serif Use sans or slab Use as few sizes as possible Leftist, became politically involved, got thrown in jail, moved to switz

Bauhaus

Started in Weimar, from "high art" & "applied art" school after WW2. In 1907 Walter Gropius took over. Form masters and craft classes, always taught by architects, basically a bunch of workshops. Bauhaus studied expressionism and then constructionism. Moved to Dessav in 1925 (consolidation phase). In 1932 moved to Berlin (phase of disintegration). Btw 182 k students (from all over the world). A German interdisciplinary school of fine and applied arts that brought together many leading modern architects, designers, and theatrical innovators. constructionism, main force on design.

Theo van Doesburg

Thought expressionism was old fashioned, tries to work at Bauhaus, Gropius is scared of him and says no. So Doesburg teachers students constructionism in private (the students knew this was the future. Theo van Doesburg was a Dutch artist, who practiced painting, writing, poetry and architecture. He is best known as the founder and leader of De Stijl

Dada

anti-movement, people who didn't want to be drafted , moved to Switzerland, Berlin, Paris, Zurich, New York. Self promotion, photo-montage, photography. John Heartfield, Marcel Duchamp.

Wiener Werkstatte

design movement centered in Vienna that was heavily influenced by Charles Rennie Mackintosh and Frank Lloyd Wright

AEG

electrical company started in 1907

Bradbury Thompson

emerged as one of the most influential graphic designers in postwar America. His designs for Westvaco Inspirations, four-color publications demonstrating printing papers, made a significant impact. A thorough knowledge of printing and typesetting, combined with a penchant for adventurous experimentation, allowed him to expand the range of design possibilities. He discovered and explored the potential of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century engravings as design resources. Large, bold, organic and geometric shapes were used to bring graphic and symbolic power to the page. Letterforms and patterns, such as the details from halftone reproductions, were often enlarged and used as design elements or to create visual patterns and movements. During the 1960s and 1970s, he turned increasingly to a classical approach to book and editorial format design. Readability, formal harmony, and a sensitive use of old style typefaces marked his work for periodicals such as Smithsonian and ARTnews.

WPA Posters

government hired artists during the Great Depression to work for them and distract communities, federal art project murals and posters. Good design everywhere

Lucian Bernhard

invented object posters, Priester Matches poster,

Isotype

invented system of anthropological typography

Peter Behrens

led one of first company identity campaigns (AEG), considered first industrial designer in history. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier, Adolf Meyer, Jean Kramer and Walter Gropius learned under him before going to start the Bauhaus

Laszlo Moholy-Nagy

light 3D exhibit, info and 3D exhibit

Ludwig Holbein

poster stamp

Object Posters

posters which just show posters so passing by trains and buses get the general gist of product. invented by Lucian Bernhard, entered into contest, was thrown out, but top guy was like uh oh this is dope

MF Agha

russian/turkish. art director in Germany, came to NYC to work for Conde Nast (taking over as art director for Vogue, Vanity Fair, House & Garden). Makes format, hired artists and photographers from Europe.

Alexey Brodovitch

the art director at Harper's Bazaar from 1934 to 1958, used white space as a design element and sought "a musical feeling" in the flow of texts and visuals. Russian, Harper's Bazaar, art director (bffs with Cassandra).

Propaganda Posters (why and how)

used to encourage participation in the war and to gain support against the enemy. GERMAN: poster shows that they want to win, use Blackletter to emphasize heritage. showcase German submarines. setting people to hate the enemy so they feel ok killing. showing legitimacy/suprematism of German society. FRENCH: illustrative, resource based, "they shall not pass" BRITAINS: Recreation posters IRELAND: tempted to go fight germans, Britons using GD to shame men into fighting US: Uncle Sam, bloody boots "keeping these off the USA"

Laslo Moholy-Nagy

wrote book "painting, photography, and film." Book Design & Publishing. Very multi disciplinary. New Typography movement