History of Photography Final Exam

Yasumasa Morimura

- Figure 31. Yasumasa Morimura, Futago (Twins), 1988.

Mark Klett

- Second View: Rephotographic Survey Project (1977-79)

Rena Effendi

- She went to the zone to look at the people who have returned. A number of people were evacuated, but they ended up saying I was born here and I shall die here. She went and photographed people and also made still life with play on word.

Robert Heinecken

1931-2006 mix of sculpture and photography

Joel-Peter Witkin

1939 american Someone who is interested in looking at subjects that most of us would rather not look at, interested in the notion of the grotesque

Christian Boltanski

1944 French Conceptual artist specializing in installations tomb reclining figure space becomes part of work projection sculpture candles

John Coffer

1952 american antiquarian avant garde You would wrongly assume this is a 19th century photograph in part because it is actually what we call a tintype: the most common and cheapest form a photography practice worldwide but specifically in America roughly the 1860s to the 1920s they kept continuing to use and now there's a big Resurgence of old processes.- There's a book called Antiquarian Avant-garde (using John Coffer to stand as all these photographers, who include our own Susan Evans) who have Revisited the old techniques.- In this case, John coffer is part of the group of individuals who are in the business of reenacting the American Civil War.

directorial mode

1970 A.D. coleman working like director in movie setting Cindy Sherman context of movie

Figure 2. Doug and Mike Starn, Attracted Light I, 2000-2003.

252 inches wide thin emulsion mounted on wall

Edward Ruscha

26 gasoline stations reintroduce figuration visual imagery and architecture 1963-190 artist book small quantity documents neutral urban sprawl artwork of rejection 34 parking lots born 1937

Figure 8. Robert Heinecken, Shiva the Lord Whose Half Is Woman, 1990.

84 inches piece of magazine crumple collage glued them in relief shiva trans

Robert and Shana Parke Harrison

?

Vid Ingelevics

A collection of envelopes. Vid is an artist, sort of like Hans Haacke, who to work from actual archival material.- Around 2003, his father passed, and while going through his belongings, clearing it out, he came across a stack of envelopes that had been addressed to his father over a few decades. His father came from Lativa, worked in a shipping department of a company in Toronto, for a transport company, and certainly was well aware of his son's interest and are making and somehow had collected these envelopes never having shared them with anybody in the family, envelopes that had his name misspelled.

Conceptual Art

An American avant-garde art movement of the 1960s that asserted that the "artfulness" of art lay in the artist's idea rather than its final expression.

Gregory Crewdson

An American photographer who is best known for elaborately staged, surreal scenes of American homes and neighborhoods.

INDIVIDUALS Doug and Mike Starn

Boston 1961 movement of hybridization break rules born 1961

Yuri Marder

Each of these portraits include words by the sitters themselves and they're all inscribed in their own script, their own written form as part of the images as well. All of them are accompanied with a translation in the catalog as well as the expectation.

3: Installation art has become a widely pursued practice within contemporary photography. Define what the term implies and use at least four specific examples by different individuals to suggest the broadest possible understanding of the term.

Figure 10. Hans Haacke, Shapolsky et al. Manhattan Real Estate Holdings, a Real-Time Social System, as of May 1, 1971. Installation view. Figure 13. Barbara Kruger, I Shop Therefore I Am, 1987. Christian Boltanski Arnaud Maggs

Rick Dingus

Figure 33. Rick Dingus, Witches Rocks, Weber Valley, Utah, 1978. From the "Rephotographic Survey Project" (1977-80).

5: A growing number of contemporary photo-based artists, who happen to be first- or second-generation immigrants, reflect upon the changing nature of cultural identity. While some produce autobiographical works, others give voice to "the other." By means of five bodies of work representing different cultural heritages, discuss both approaches to the changing face of immigration.

Figure 39. Chandana Reddy, Study: (Cultural) Identity, 2006. American, nude, Indian The switch between cultures Figure 40. Christina Leslie, EveryTING Irie, 2006. immigration Figure 41. Vid Ingelevics, Attention: Mr. Inglewick, still from DVD projection, 2004. how names are pronounced part of culture Figure 42. Yuri Marder, Luna, 2000, from The Exile Project, 1992-present. speaking in own language Figure 48. Sara Angelucci, Everything in My Father's Wallet / Everything in My Wallet, 2005. connection between father

Kip Fullbeck

Figure 44. Kip Fulbeck, The Hapa Project, 2001-present.

8: Ever since the April 26, 1986, explosion of Reactor No. 4 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, many international photographers have traveled to the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone to bear witness to the continuing legacy of what remains the most catastrophic nuclear accident in human history. With reference to five bodies of work produced by image makers originating from different countries, discuss the diverse photography of the Chernobyl aftermath.

Figure 61. Igor Kostin, Reactor No. 4, Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, 26 April 1986. Figure 62. Gerd Ludwig, Deep inside Reactor No. 4, Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, 2013. Figure 64. Alina Rudya, The Artist and Her Mother, 17 Lenin Avenue, Apt 24, Prypiat, Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, 1986 and 2011. Figure 67. Rena Effendi, Hanna Zavorotnya, Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, 2010 Figure 68. Pierpaolo Mittica, Yitz Twersky Praying at the Tomb of Grand Rabbi Menachem Nochum Twersky, Chornobyl, 2019.

IMAGES Figure 1. Doug and Mike Starn, Double Rembrandts with Stairs, 1987. Who, What, When, Where, and Why.

Figure in photo historical rembrant reproduced mirror image unrelated images frame cut glue to put together photograph- painting appropriate rembrant painting use other images not own-appropriation

Walter Benjamin, "The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction" (1935)

German jewish define changes in art-post modernism text article mechanical reproduction different relationship to art missing notion of aura only one (presence) power of image more interested in reproduction (artists) Mona Lisa reproduced by andy warhol with color

Gu Xiong

He decided to make portraits of Chinese heritage and have the words they appear to utter in these works. These were words that were actually crafted by the artist.

ESSAY QUESTIONS 1: While modernist photographers embraced originality, authenticity, and purity of means as the key principles of their aesthetic doctrine, these values came under increasing pressure as a new generation of artists emerged in the 1960s. Unthinkable during the heyday of modernism, hybridization of media became one of the strategies with which to overturn the status quo. With reference to the work of three artists who led this sea change, discuss how they laid the foundations for postmodernist photography.

Hybridization unit postmodernist 3 artists postmodernist photography Jerry Uelsmann Figure 6. Robert Rauschenberg, Retroactive I, 1964. Figure 4. Andy Warhol, Gold Marilyn, 1962.

2: By means of different representative figures and specific artworks, identify, define, and contextualize a minimum of five art-making strategies that can be used to recognize a postmodernist tendency in photo-based artwork.

Hybridization unit hybrid is it post modern? strategies: appropriation, mixed media, pastiche (combo things don't go together), hybridization, conceptual

Arnaud Maggs

Installation atget's book his clients rephotography of book cover to cover Artist puro Italian plays 1926-2012

Christina Leslie

It is a work that is very performative. It is written to echo in a sense the patois of Jamaican people, which is the way they speak, sort of a broken English. they talk about their experience, what's this thing about snowflakes, what's this thing about Christmas trees, etc. Includes members all from their own family.

Robert Mapplethorpe

Known for large-scale, highly stylized black and white portraits, photos of flowers and nude men, along with celebrity portraits and homoerotic subjects.

TOPICS Hybridization of Media

New Strategies work against modernism a mix of media? photo is the uniqueness of means John szarkowski photography 1917 full potential is in purity of use handwork manipulation impotent to paint

Ydessa Hendeles

Parents escaped gas chamber Immigrated to Canada Art collector wealthiest family in Canada born 1948

Straight photography

Photography that attempts to depict a scene a realistically as premitted by the medium. Figure 44. Kip Fulbeck, The Hapa Project, 2001-present.

David Buchan

Refers to Jacques Louis David, Death of Marat, 1793- He made this remarkable painting about Marat who was a leader of a particular group that was absolutely devastated by the number of murders they encouraged, meaning all the figures that were not fitting their ideological pursuit we're basically killed. Marat had a terrible skin disease that forced him to keep his body in water to soothe the pain.- In this case here, he is shown holding a letter to him by a woman that came in and assassinated him.- David Buchan hear plays with the shampoo Halo and obviously mimics the painting. in this case here, it's about the postmodern gesture of consumerism, on the left, David Buchan has his Marat hold his bank statement.

Andy Warhol

Rejected things to bring attention to other things postmodern 1928-1987

Re-photography

Rephotograph to deconstruct it Present it under different authorship (authority) Arnaud Maggs

Appropriation

Reproduce images transform them Figure 1. Doug and Mike Starn, Double Rembrandts with Stairs, 1987.

Figure 9. Edward Ruscha, Every Building on the Sunset Strip, 1966. 7 1/8" x 460 5/8".

Road LA mountains accordian design every building Gold belt Street and address Reject editing showed all go against rules

Combine painting

Robert Rauschenberg's name for his works of high-relief collage 1st artist abstract deconstruct make fun mocking pollock combination of painting and sculpture

Discoursing with History

Share ideas create a dialogue art with previous art sense of history past artwork

Chandana Reddy

She wanted to do a piece about her Indian Heritage. She was born in Michigan, And on special occasions, holidays and such, she always dresses in her cultural clothing. Being a t-shirt and jeans person, she wanted to do a piece of work that will be in three parts to show the two sides that are sort of split in her mind, 10 in the middle, naked.

Jeff Wall

The quintessential postmodernist artist using photography - Produces on average 2-3 images a year, while Edward Burtynski releases 200-300 hundred images a year. - Their presentation is also very different for all of the work, all of them were actually displayed or continued to be displayed as light boxes of a scale that almost matches about a billboard, as opposed to Burtynski who makes very large prints, very detailed but not lit from behind.

Sara Angelucci

The story behind this work: in about 2004, her niece came up to her ask for advice on what to do because she loved her, she said she had a box. Her father died a number of years ago and have not looked into it ever since he died. when she opened the box she found a bunch of different stuff including her father's wallet, which had remained intact since his passing with nothing added or removed. she recognized that the objects in her father's wallet could be read very much as a portrait of him

Annu Palakunnathu Matthew

These are known as lenticular prints, done by making two photographs and then slicing them very very thin through a very special machine, then mounting them interleaving one after the other. The photograph has a microscopic death to them and so when you move your head and actually changes . sequential rendering and so you actually see for photographs made as you move from left to right, slightly the work goes.

Pierpaolo Mittica

This is a Jewish Orthodox visiting being photographed by an Italian photographer Pierpaolo Mittica. This is a Hasidic Dynasty that comes out of Chernobyl.

simulacrum

a copy of original that never existed Cindy Sherman looks real but never existed in that form masking to unmask

KEYWORDS Hybridization of media

a mix of media Figure 5. Robert Rauschenberg, Untitled Combine (Man with White Shoes), 1955.

Deconstruction

a type of critical postmodern analysis that involves taking apart or disassembling old ways of thinking Figure 11. Sherrie Levine, After Weston's 'Torso of Neil,' 1979.

Conceptual art

a work in which the ideas are often as important as how it is made marcel duchamp concept fountain work a different form of art intent greater value on idea Figure 13. Barbara Kruger, I Shop Therefore I Am, 1987.

Installation Art

an artistic genre of three-dimensional works that often are site-specific and designed to transform the perception of a space. art reliant on space

Installation

an artwork created by the assembling and arrangement of objects in a specific location adapt as space has an impact barbara Cruger installation art space significant physical domination of entire space pop art, minimalism

Figure 10. Hans Haacke, Shapolsky et al. Manhattan Real Estate Holdings, a Real-Time Social System, as of May 1, 1971. Installation view.

and others manhattan shapolsky leader of a family exploit poor target real estate real time social system censorship gugenheim culture war critical practice 142 buildings works from research address dimension company property value corporation and tax write-offs

discourse

argument made (gender ID Cindy Sherman) Figure 24. Cindy Sherman, Untitled, #96, from Centerfolds, 1981.

Figure 3. Andy Warhol, Sixteen Jackies, 1964.

artist, not a particular photographer color stylized arbitrary repetition of photos random when jfk was alive, after before he was killed funeral source the press appropriates from media contemporary \hybrid counter modernist

appropriation by inference

based on stereotype reference to something never reference a specific Cindy Sherman woman experience

Sherry Levine

born 1947 name on edward weston print

Rafael Goldchain

born in chile jewish roots son michael convey heritage to son create photo albumn teach son of his heritage based on photos, no photos make up about who they were

Revolutionizing Cultural Identity

celebrate heritage

Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Gender Expression

celebrate identity, highlight taboos and transform them self expression

Yves Klein

conceptual artist the guy on building

Site-specific installation

designed for a particular space Hans Haacke example

4: The practice of making art about art, which is widespread within contemporary photography, has long been a preoccupation of artists. By means of representative examples produced since the 1960s, discuss a minimum of five photo-based artists whose work exemplifies this mode of production.

discoursing with history Jeff Wall compared to after 'invisible man' by Raph Ellison, the Prologue 1999-2000 no natural light Figure 30. David Buchan, Halo, 1989. Figure 32. Mark Klett, Pyramid Isle, Pyramid Lake, Nevada, 1979. From the "Rephotographic Survey Project" (1977-80). Figure 33. Rick Dingus, Witches Rocks, Weber Valley, Utah, 1978. From the "Rephotographic Survey Project" (1977-80). Figure 35. Joel-Peter Witkin, Woman on a Table, New Mexico, 1987.

post-visualization

don't know what you get till you go into dark room creativity where it leads jerry uelsmann beginning of process

7: Since the 1970s, photography has often been used to raise public consciousness about environmental degradation and its impact upon human beings. Discuss five major bodies of work exemplifying human-induced poisoned ecologies, at least one of which must address the impact of poor environmental stewardship upon humans.

ecologies impact of pollution on humans previous examples young girl bathing Japan mercury pollution minimata eugene smith Figure 57. Edward Burtynsky, Bao Steel #8, Shanghai, China, 2005 Figure 58. Emmet Gowin, Subsidence Crater, Nevada Test Site, 1996. Figure 59. John Pfahl, Bethlehem # 16, Lackawanna, New York, 1988. Figure 60. David Maisel, The Lake Project #9273-8, 2001-02. Figure 63. David McMillan, Portrait of Lenin, Kindergarten, Prypiat, Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, 1997.

Figure 11. Sherrie Levine, After Weston's 'Torso of Neil,' 1979.

feminist, deconstruction take apart reveal assumptions Weston original SL reproduce work with own signature appropriation, plagiarism no alternation put her name on his Critique Weston, Weston not as original greek sculpture so W not the first to do it rephotography

Marcel Duchamp

fountain

Claude Cahun

french woman who used a pen name, self portraits interested in issues of gender and often appeared as a man

6: For decades, contemporary artists have used photography to explore sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender expression, often doing so in collaboration with members of their respective communities. By means of five representative figures, discuss the use of photography in promoting gender equity and non-discrimination.

gender identity marcel duchamp draw on it to set scene claude cauhun Figure 51. Janine Antoni, Mom and Dad, 1993. Figure 52. Lyle Ashton Harris and Renée Cox, The Child, 1994. Cindy Sherman Figure 53. Jess T. Dugan, Jess and Vanessa, 2013. Figure 50. Catherine Opie, Self-Portrait / Cutting, 1993.

Post-modernism

genre of art and literature and especially architecture in reaction against principles and practices of established modernism Andy Warhol

Danny Custodio

he is looking through the family album and he is making images of some of the details of texture, of embroidery and other things his mom had at the house, Granite contour and its kitchen.In the center, he is actually in the act of skinning a pig and roasting it or something to that effect, which is something Danny grew up with, and so his work is titled leave/remain/return.

Cindy Sherman

is a feminist artist who addresses the way Western art has presented women for the "male gaze" by her self-portraits in photography. She sees gender as a socially constructed concept and an unstable one. photo based artist role playing not self portraits women represented through male gaze numbered not titled archive of work

Barbara Kruger

is a feminist artist who explores the "male gaze". Her goal was to subvert the typical use of imagery in advertising with her huge word and photograph collages 1945

Jerry Uelsmann

is an American photographer who layered negatives to create surrealistic photographs. A master printer producing composite photographs with multiple negatives and extensive darkroom work, his images are complex and magical dreams. constructed images not postmodernist manipulated images

Wieslaw Michalak

is work was very different from the rest of the exhibition because these are not portraits of people but they are very much about the process of migration. They are actually transparencies that all had little black boxes we hid all the cables in the wall.

Figure 6. Robert Rauschenberg, Retroactive I, 1964.

jfk, space age repitition silk screen photo readymade postmodernist reproductive technology repetition of art break away from modernist

Catherine Opie

lesbian photographer, kids drawing etched in blood into a lesbian womans back, lesbian woman with 'dyke' tattoo on the back of the neck

Figure 4. Andy Warhol, Gold Marilyn, 1962.

like madona religious poland went to church in back connection to religious roots Maryiln icon of today silk screen firguration x modernist

Proto-postmodernist paradigm

marcel duchamp contemporary art before post modernism gender persona le rose selavy

Figure 5. Robert Rauschenberg, Untitled Combine (Man with White Shoes), 1955.

mirror at bottom architectural no longer relying on style its a pastiche hybrid unexpected

pastiches

mix dont make sense trigger something variety of sources combo of styles brought together Figure 5. Robert Rauschenberg, Untitled Combine (Man with White Shoes), 1955.

Robert Rauschenberg

multi artist sculpture ur post modernist combine painting 1925-2008

masking/unmasking

partly obscure image example Hans Haacke Metro Mobilton 1985 wanna see photo behind object mobil sponsor oppression south africa text of company social issues mask the words and image over image

Hans Haacke

photo based artists or artist who used photography politically driven installation red carpet formal, president regan crowd of germans against nuclear weapons photograph and city against regan advocating connection being made born 1936

Second View: Rephotographic Survey Project (1977-79)

photo of past recreate to see what has changed rephotographing of a site Figure 33. Rick Dingus, Witches Rocks, Weber Valley, Utah, 1978. From the "Rephotographic Survey Project" (1977-80).

Figure 7. Robert Heinecken, Figure Cube, 1965.

photographic nude studies photographic and sculpture

Poisoned Ecologies

pollution and nuclear disasters causing harm to the environment and to the people living in the environment

Ur-postmodernist

prefix ur (origins) the first example of postmodernist there in beginning roshinburg

Richard Prince

rephotographer marbolo cigarette thing born 1949

Fabricated to be Photographed

set up to make picture choose subject how they pose make photo construct it new reality expressive realities

Jess T. Dugan

she is a trans artist, born a female but has undergone transformation and at that time, she was fine being called whichever way we'd like- it clearly demonstrates that the subject that Jess' photographs Are representing a very wide range of sexual identity, it is not just the trans community.- Where they say inspection of identities is not identified in the book.

Figure 12. Richard Prince, Untitled (Marlboro Man), 1989.

sold for 1 mil 248 thousand dollars from a cigarette face of company archetype rephotographed ad value of company deconstruction point out western movie imagery