History Section 3 Review/ Chapter 15

Sir Francis Drake

A skillful sea captain who attacked and raided Spanish ships

Scottish Presbyterian Church

An independent Church of Scotland

Elizabethan Age

As the reign of Elizabeth is now known, shines in English history and in the history of the world

Mary Stuart

Became queen when she was only a week old in 1542

Henry VII

Became the first Tudor king of England after he won the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485

She had a difficult, dangerous childhood, but she learned from hard times "when to keep to silence, how to bide her time", and how to be cunning, as rulers sometimes must be; "Good Queen Bess"

Describe the background and character of Queen Elizabeth I. By what affectionate nickname did the English refer to her?

Mary firmly resolved to return the English nation to the Roman church since she was Catholic; Bloody Mary; The people of England were forced, on penalty of imprisonment, torture, or death, to suddenly change their religion back to Romanism. About 300 people who refused to obey, died for their convictions

Describe the reign of Mary Tudor. By what name is she remembered? What effect did her reign have on Protestantism in England?

The pope refused Henry's request for permission to divorce Catherine. Thus, the pope and the church became obstacles in the path of Henry VIII's political aspirations; The Lollards (John Wycliffe's followers) remained influential in spreading the spirit of revival and reform throughout England. The Bible was translated into English first by John Wycliffe in the 1300s and later by William Tyndale in the 1500s.

Explain Henry VIII's break with the Roman church. In what ways was England ready for a spiritual reformation?

Henry forced the English clergy to recognize him as 'the single protector, the only supreme lord, and as far as permitted by the law of Christ even supreme head" of the English church. Later in 1534, Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy, recognizing Henry as "the supreme head" of the English church

Give the date and purpose for the Act of Supremacy. What were the problems with Henry VIII becoming the head of the Church of England?

The English completely defeated the Armada in 1588. Spain's power and prestige gradually slipped away. Spain began to decline in nearly every matter that determines the greatness of a nation.

Give the date and results of the defeat of the Spanish Armada.

She created the Elizabethan Settlement; The Puritans felt that the Anglican Church was still too Romanist in outlook. The Separatists wanted to be separate from the official church altogether.

How did Elizabeth attempt to settle her country's religious conflicts? Name and describe the groups that were dissatisfied with her religious program.

In 1586, Queen Elizabeth sent about 6,000 troops to the Netherlands to aid the Dutch in their fight against the Spanish; Sir John Hawkins

How did England prepare for war with Spain? Who did Elizabeth employ to improve the English navy?

Book of Common Prayer

Made up of prayers to be spoken or even sung (first issued in 1549, and revised in 1552)

James VI

Mary Stuart's infant son

Edmund Spenser; The poem is an allegory describing the many virtues of England's beloved queen, referring to her as "Queen Gloriana"

Name the author and the subject of The Faerie Queene.

Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, and Jane Seymour; Jane Seymour

Name the first three wives of Henry VIII. Which one gave him the son he desired?

Lady Jane Grey

One of the most extraordinary people involved in the English Reformation

Anglican Church

The Church of England

John Foxe

The English historian who wrote the Book of Martyrs

Mary of Guise

The mother of Mary Stuart who wanted to Keep Scotland Catholic and closely allied with France

William Shakespeare; Romeo and Juliet & Julius Caesar

Who is considered to be possibly the greatest writer of all time? Name two of his plays.

Edward VI; First of all, he was only nine when he came to the throne and second of all, the regents who ruled for him were Protestants; Thomas Cranmer, Nicholas Ridley, and Hugh Latimer

Who succeeded Henry VIII to the throne? Why was his reign beneficial to the Protestants? Name three Protestant leaders in England during this time.

John Knox; When Edward died and Mary Tudor came to the throne, Knox and other Protestant leaders were forced to leave. Their conflict climaxed when Knox successfully opposed Mary's plans to wed Don Carlos, the son of Philip II of Spain

Who was the outstanding leader of the Scottish Reformation? Describe the conflict between Mary Queen of Scots and the Scottish Protestants.