History study guide Chap. 1
In 1565, the first European town was established in the current-day United States at:
St. Augustine
The French captain Jacques Cartier most importantly explored the:
St. Lawrence River
At the time Europeans arrived in North America, Indians:
fed themselves exclusively through farming
The Aztecs:
had an empire of 371 city-states in thirty-eight provinces
The Protestant Reformation in England:
occurred more for political reasons than because of disagreement about religious doctrine
Which of the following was NOT a result of the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella?
opening of the Atlantic slave trade
Dutch sailors were essentially:
pirates
A central element of John Calvin's theology was his belief in:
predestination
All of the following are true of Cortés's invasion of Mexico EXCEPT:
regional Indian tribes attempted to help the Mexica against the Spanish
The introduction of horses to Plains tribes:
replaced dogs as beasts of burden
Which of the following animals were NOT found in the New World before the Europeans arrived?
sheep and pigs
It is possible that one third of the entire Native American population of Central America died as a result of:
smallpox
The presidios established by the Spaniards in the Southwest housed:
soldiers
A major reason for the defeat of the Spanish Armada was:
storms in the North Sea
Christopher Columbus first landed in the New World in:
the Bahamas
The English attempt to establish a colony on Roanoke Island resulted in:
the disappearance of the colonists
The original Spanish settlement of New Mexico:
was led by Juan de Oñate
The explorer Sir Humphrey Gilbert:
was lost at sea
All of the following are true of the Anasazis EXCEPT that they:
were transformed by the arrival of horses
Which of the following foods did Europeans introduce to the New World?
wheat
On his first voyage, Columbus:
explored a number of Caribbean islands
European exploration of the Americas was greatly assisted by:
new sailing technologies
Cortés was primarily motivated by:
Aztec gold
The city of Tenochtitlán was founded in 1325 by the:
Aztecs
Which country did Sir Walter Raleigh argue should establish colonies in the New World?
England
Before the arrival of the Europeans, the horse was an important part of every New World culture.
False
Calvinism stressed tolerance and liberal theology rather than a strict moral code.
False
Pueblos were communities built by the Aztecs on cliff sides.
False
The brutal and exploitative systems that the Spanish implemented in the New World were largely the work of Bartolomé de Las Casas.
False
Which of the following was NOT true of Bartolomé de Las Casas?
He designed the system of native slavery adopted by Spain.
Which is NOT true of the Pueblo Revolt of 1680?
It led the Spaniards to immediately colonize Texas and California.
Which of the following was NOT true of the Algonquians?
built mounds like the Mississippians
The Protestant Reformation was launched in Europe by:
Martin Luther
Around 1500 B.C.E., which group in Middle America (Mesoamerica) began developing large cities, including gigantic pyramids?
Mayas
The first Europeans to sail around Africa and on to India were the:
Portuguese
The newest theories of the earliest migrations from Asia to the Americas include:
This migration began much earlier than previously thought.
By 5000 B.C.E., Native Americans had transitioned into farming societies.
True
Cahokia was a large, advanced regional center for the Mississippian culture.
True
Ferdinand Magellan's ship was the first to sail around the world.
True
Ferdinand and Isabella forced Muslims and Jews to either become Christians or leave Spain.
True
Many of the New World's early explorers were looking for a shorter and safer route around Africa to India.
True
Mexica tribes were deeply spiritual and incorporated human sacrifice into their religious worship.
True
The Church of England was established by gradually integrating Calvinism with English Catholicism.
True
The New World was named for the Portuguese-sponsored explorer Amerigo Vespucci.
True
The introduction of Indian foods, such as corn and potatoes, spurred a dramatic increase in Europe's population.
True
The presence of horses transformed the ecology of the Great Plains.
True
Virginia Dare, of Roanoke Island, was the first British child born in the New World.
True
Spanish explorers of North America, such as Narváez, de Soto, and Coronado:
added to the knowledge of the continent's interior
Food crops exported from the Americas:
allowed a population explosion
The encomienda system:
allowed privileged Spanish landowners to control Indian villages
The Spanish Armada:
attempted to invade England
Which of the following would NOT characterize the Mississippian Indian culture?
cliff dwellings and widespread use of irrigation
All of the following was true of Bartolomé de Las Casas EXCEPT:
considered natives to be naturally inferior peoples
The primary objective of the thousands of priests in New Spain was to:
convert the Indians
In most cases, Spanish explorers and soldiers who came to the New World were motivated by all of the following EXCEPT
desire to serve their fellow man
After the arrival of Europeans, the greatest number of Indians died as a result of:
disease
Which of the following was NOT true of Portuguese seagoing efforts?
early settlements included Newfoundland and the New England coastline
As monarch, Queen Elizabeth:
illustrated incredible strength and effectiveness
Traditionally, scholars have believed that Paleo-Indians migrated from Asia into North America
in pursuit of large game animals
Columbus succeeded in:
inspiring subsequent European explorations
Horses became so valuable in North America they:
intensified intertribal competition and warfare
The Spanish Empire began a precipitous decline because:
it became overly dependent on extraction of wealth
Ferdinand Magellan:
led the expedition that circumnavigated the globe
Which of the following was NOT true of Columbus's first voyage?
made contact with continental America
John Cabot's crossing of the Atlantic in 1497 resulted in his:
making landfall in present-day Canada
