HIV QCC NU202 final content

Question 7 of 14 When preparing a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) for discharge to home, the nurse should be sure to include which instruction? "Avoid eating foods from serving dishes shared by other family members." "Sterilize all plates and utensils in boiling water." "Put on disposable gloves before bathing." "Avoid sharing such articles as toothbrushes and razors."

Correct response: "Avoid sharing such articles as toothbrushes and razors." Explanation: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS, is most concentrated in the blood. For this reason, the client shouldn't share personal articles that may be blood-contaminated, such as toothbrushes and razors, with other family members. HIV isn't transmitted by bathing or by eating from plates, utensils, or serving dishes used by a person with AIDS.

A patient develops gastrointestinal bleeding from a gastric ulcer and requires blood transfusions. The patient states to the nurse, "I am not going to have a transfusion because I don't want to get AIDS." What is the best response by the nurse? "No one has gotten HIV from blood in a long time. You have to have the transfusion." "If you don't have the blood transfusions, you may not make it through this episode of bleeding." "I understand what you mean, you can never be sure if the blood is tainted." "I understand your concern. The blood is screened very carefully for different viruses as well as HIV."

Correct response: "I understand your concern. The blood is screened very carefully for different viruses as well as HIV." Explanation: Blood and blood products can transmit HIV to recipients. However, the risk associated with transfusions has been virtually eliminated as a result of voluntary self-deferral, completion of a detailed health history, extensive testing, heat treatment of clotting factor concentrates, and more effective virus inactivation methods. Donated blood is tested for antibodies to HIV-1, human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2), and p24 antigen; in addition, since 1999, nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) has been performed.

Question 2 of 14 A nurse is teaching high school students about transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Which comment by a student warrants clarification by the nurse? "I've heard about people who got AIDS from blood transfusions." "I.V. drug users can get HIV from sharing needles." "I won't donate blood because I don't want to get AIDS." "A man should wear a latex condom during intimate sexual contact."

Correct response: "I won't donate blood because I don't want to get AIDS." Explanation: HIV is transmitted through infected blood, semen, and certain other body fluids. Although a transfusion with infected blood may cause HIV infection in the recipient, a person can't become infected by donating blood. The other options reflect accurate understanding of HIV transmission.

Question 12 of 14 A 16-year-old has come to the clinic and asks to talk to a nurse. The teen states that she has become sexually active and is concerned about getting HIV. The teen asks the nurse what she can do to keep from getting HIV. What would be the nurse's best response? "Only the correct use of a female condom protects against the transmission of HIV." "There's no way to be sure you won't get HIV except to use condoms correctly." "There are new ways of protecting yourself from HIV that are being discovered every day." "Other than abstinence, only the consistent and correct use of condoms is effective in preventing HIV."

Correct response: "Other than abstinence, only the consistent and correct use of condoms is effective in preventing HIV." Explanation: Other than abstinence, consistent and correct use of condoms is the only effective method to decrease the risk of sexual transmission of HIV infection. Both female and male condoms confer significant protection. New prevention techniques are not commonly discovered, though advances in treatment are constant.

Question 14 A client is considering beginning sexual relations and wants to know the best way to be protected from a sexually transmitted infection and HIV. What is the best response by the nurse?

Correct response: "Using a latex condom and spermicidal jelly is one of the most effective ways to decrease the risk of transmission of an STI and HIV." Explanation: Using a latex condom with spermicide is one of the most effective ways to reduce the risk of HIV infection. Condoms are available for both men and women. A diaphragm would not be the most effective way because there is no protection for the penis or vagina. A lamb skin condom is not effective to prevent the transmission of HIV. Douching after intercourse is not an effective method to avoid transmission and does not offer protection from secretions that are already present.

Question 9 of 14 The nurse is discussing sexual activity with a client recently diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The client states, "As long as I have sex with another person who is already infected, I will be okay." What is the best response by the nurse? "If you have sex with another person who is HIV positive, you will develop AIDS sooner." "Yes, since you are already infected, it won't make a difference if you have sex with a person who is HIV positive." "I am not sure why you would want to have sex with another person who is HIV positive. That person may have another sexually transmitted infection." "You should avoid having unprotected sex with a person who is HIV positive because you can increase the severity of the infection in both you and your partner."

Correct response: "You should avoid having unprotected sex with a person who is HIV positive because you can increase the severity of the infection in both you and your partner." Explanation: Clients, families, and friends are educated about the routes of transmission of HIV. The nurse discusses precautions the client can use to avoid transmitting HIV sexually or through sharing of body fluids, especially blood.

Question 1 of 14 A client who has been exposed to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) tests negative. Which explanation by the nurse would be most appropriate? "You're one of the lucky ones who are immune to the virus." "Your body may not have developed antibodies yet, so we need to follow up." "You might still go on to develop AIDS even with negative results." "Congratulations, a negative result means that you're not infected with the virus."

Correct response: "Your body may not have developed antibodies yet, so we need to follow up." Explanation: A negative test result means that antibodies to HIV are not in the blood at this time. The person may not be infected or the person's body may not yet have produced antibodies. (The "window" period is 3 weeks to 6 months). The client needs follow-up testing and must continue to take precautions. The negative test result does not mean that the client is immune to HIV, nor does it mean that the client is not infected. It just means that the body may not have produced antibodies yet.

Which client is more at risk of becoming infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)? A woman who has never had intercourse A man who uses sildenafil before having intercourse A woman who has had deliveries after the age of 40 A person having casual intercourse with multiple partners

Correct response: A person having casual intercourse with multiple partners Explanation: People who have casual intercourse with multiple partners are at a greater risk of acquiring HIV. Women who have never had intercourse are at the least risk because HIV spreads through body fluids, such as semen, vaginal secretions, and blood. The risks of women who have had deliveries after the age of 40 or men who use sildenafil (Viagra) before having intercourse are yet to be established.

Question 10 of 14 Other than abstinence, what is the only proven method of decreasing the risk of sexual transmission of HIV infection? Birth control pills Spermicides Consistent and correct use of condoms Vaginal lubricants

Correct response: Consistent and correct use of condoms Explanation: Other than abstinence, consistent and correct use of condoms is the only method proven to decrease the risk for sexual transmission of HIV infection. Vaginal lubricants, birth control pills, and spermicides are not proven means of decreasing the risk for sexual transmission of HIV infection.

Question 11 of 14 A nurse is working with a client who has recently received a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). When performing client education during discharge planning, what goal should the nurse prioritize? Encourage the client to exercise within the client's limitations. Encourage the client to adhere to the client's therapeutic regimen. Encourage a disease-free state. Appraise the client's level of nutritional awareness.

Correct response: Encourage the client to adhere to the client's therapeutic regimen. Explanation: One of the goals of client education is to encourage people to adhere to the therapeutic regimen. This is a very important goal because it is necessary if clients are to attain their optimal level of wellness. In this client's circumstances, this is likely a priority over exercise or nutrition, though these are important considerations. A disease-free state is not obtainable.

A new nursing graduate is working at the hospital in the medical-surgical unit. The preceptor observes the nurse emptying a patient's wound drain without gloves on. What important information should the preceptor share with the new graduate about standard precautions? It is only necessary to use gloves when you are emptying reservoirs that have body fluids in them. Standard precautions should only be used with patients who are HIV positive to reduce the risk of transmission of the HIV virus. Standard precautions should be used with all patients to reduce the risk of transmission of bloodborne pathogens. If you are careful and do not expose yourself to blood or body fluids, it is not necessary to use gloves all of the time.

Correct response: Standard precautions should be used with all patients to reduce the risk of transmission of bloodborne pathogens. Explanation: Standard precautions are designed to reduce the risk of transmission of bloodborne pathogens and of pathogens from moist body substances. Standard precautions are used when working with all patients in all health care settings, regardless of their diagnosis or presumed infectious status (Siegel, Rhinehart, Jackson, et al., 2007).

A client suspected of having human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) asks the nurse what causes AIDS. What is the best response by the nurse? The human immunodeficiency virus The Epstein-Barr virus The staphylococcal bacteria The streptococcal bacteria

Correct response: The human immunodeficiency virus Explanation: A pathogen known as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS. HIV/AIDS is not caused by either the streptococcal or the staphylococcal bacteria; it is also not caused by the Epstein-Barr virus.

Question 13 of 14 Which statement reflects treatment of HIV infection? Treatment should be offered to all clients once they reach CDC category B: HIV symptomatic. Treatment should be offered to only select clients once they reach CDC category B: HIV symptomatic. Treatment of HIV infection for an individual client is based on the client's clinical condition, CD4 T cell count, and HIV RNA (viral load). Treatment should be offered to clients with plasma HIV RNA levels less than 55,000 copies/mL (RT-PCR assay).

Correct response: Treatment of HIV infection for an individual client is based on the client's clinical condition, CD4 T cell count, and HIV RNA (viral load). Explanation: Although specific therapies vary, treatment of HIV infection for an individual client is based on three factors: the patient's clinical condition, CD4 T cell count, and HIV RNA (viral load). Treatment should be offered to all clients with the primary infection (acute HIV syndrome). In general, treatment should be offered to clients with fewer than 350 CD4+ T cells/mm or plasma HIV RNA levels exceeding 55,000 copies/mL (RT-PCR assay). Reference:

Question 8 of 14 The nurse has four clients that come to the clinic for healthcare. Which client has the highest risk factor for HIV infection? a 26-year-old inmate who receives tattoos in prison a 46-year-old female who has been in a monogamous relationship for 9 years a 34-year-old female who has donated blood on several occasions a 22-year-old heterosexual male who has had one relationship for 2 years

Correct response: a 26-year-old inmate who receives tattoos in prison Explanation: Contact with infected blood on body piercing, tattoo, and dental equipment places the inmate at great risk because there is not an approved method for sterilization of the equipment. The other answers do not eliminate the risk for HIV but are less likely.