HLHS 211 midterm study

Which of the following menu items has major ingredients that represent four different MyPlate food groups?

Casserole made with canned tuna, green onions, noodles, and cheddar cheese

Hillary would like to add more soluble fiber to her diet. Which of the following foods should she add?

Citrus fruits

Which of the following factors has a major influence over a person's food choices?

Close friends

The body uses cholesterol to make vitamin ____.

D

A nutrition scientist wants to develop a nutritionally complete formula diet for adults who are healthy but need to avoid solid food for awhile. Based on this information, she is likely to refer to _____ when developing the new formula.

DRIs

Which of the following standards can help you compare nutrient contents of packaged foods to make more healthful choices?

DVs

The ____ is responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medications.

FDA

The government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the ________.

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

Which of the following statements about fruits and/or vegetables is false?

Fruit juices provide more fiber than whole fruit.

_____ can be classified as a dietary supplement.

Ginkgo biloba

Dorrie wants to eat a food that is a good source of fiber and phytochemicals. Based on this information, which of the following foods would you recommend?

Green beans

Which of the following substances carries cholesterol away from tissues?

HDL

Which of the following practices is an example of integrative health care?

Having psychological counseling and taking St. John's wort to improve mood

A physician who hosts a popular TV show makes several nutrition-related claims during one of the programs. Which of the doctor's claims is a "red flag" of unreliable information?

Kava cures migraine headaches.

____ is an example of an food that supplies a lot of empty calories.

Lite beer

You are planning a party for a group of college students. Some of the students follow the dietary practices of the Jewish, Islamic, and Mormon religions. Which of the following menu items would be acceptable to everyone at the party?

Meatless bean dip

Before she shops for groceries, Terry plans several nutritionally adequate daily menus for her family. Which of the following guides is the best menu-planning tool for her to use?

MyPlate

Sari would like to compare amounts of polyunsaturated fat in two brands of canned tuna. She should read the ___ on each product's label.

Nutrition Facts panel

The amount of vitamin C that meets about 98% of the population's need for the nutrient is the _____ for the vitamin.

RDA

Which of the following kinds of studies would be the best to use to identify lifestyle factors that may be related to the development of liver cancer in an adult population?

Retrospective study

One day, Hillary consumed a handful of peanuts, a bowl of chocolate pudding, a sugar-sweetened soft drink, and three hard-cooked eggs. Which of these foods contains a lot of empty calories and is not a member of one of the USDA's major food groups?

Soft drink

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving?

Soy milk

Researchers at a major American university plan a 10-year study involving 25,000 adults who will follow their usual lifestyles while they participate in the study. One of the main goals of this particular scientific investigation is to determine lifestyle factors that contribute to stomach cancer. Which of the following activities is likely to be a component of their research efforts?

Submitting an article describing the results of the study to a peer-reviewed journal

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that provides energy for humans?

Sugar

Belle is pregnant and has two young children. She is having difficulty supporting her family on an income of $18,000/year. Recently, she was diagnosed with high blood pressure and iron deficiency. Based on this information, Belle should enroll in the _____ program.

WIC

Scientists at a major university have isolated a chemical from grapes. Which of the following features is an indication that this chemical could be a vitamin?

When a person's diet lacks the chemical, his or her body experiences abnormal functioning.

Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation?

When women gain less weight than average during pregnancy, the birthweights of their babies tend to be lower than average.

Which of the following foods is a rich source of starch?

White rice

Zack takes 500 mg of vitamin C daily. He advises his friends to take vitamin C supplements because, he claims, the vitamin protects him from cold viruses. His claim about the usefulness of the vitamin is an ________.

anecdote

A substance that can protect a person's cells from being damaged or destroyed by certain harmful factors is a (an) ________.

antioxidant

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids?

avocado

Women who are trying to become pregnant or are pregnant should ________.

avoid all forms of alcohol

Avi's salivary glands do not secrete amylase. As a result of his condition, his mouth cannot ________.

begin starch digestion

The liver recycles bile salts to make new ________.

bile

The liver uses cholesterol to make ________.

bile

A primary function of the digestive system is the ________.

breakdown of food into nutrients

Carter wants to lower his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, he should limit his intake of ________.

butter and beef

MyPlate

can be individualized to meet a person's food preferences.

Brett eats _____ to increase his intake of omega-3 fatty acids.

canned sardines

Most forms of _____ are a source of energy for cells.

carbohydrate

The ____ is the smallest living functional unit in an organism.

cell

Jeremy would like to know the amount of vitamin C that is recommended for his life/stage group. He can obtain this information by

checking the RDA table for vitamin C.

According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Americans consumed more ____ in 2010 than in 1970.

cheese

According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Americans consumed more ____ in 2010 than in 1970.

chicken

According to the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines, _____ should be consumed in amounts that are as low as possible.

cholesterol

The primary function of the cardiovascular system is ________.

circulation of blood throughout the body

Having a control group enables researchers to ________.

compare findings of the control group with those of the experimental group

If your diet supplies more sugar and starch than you need, the excess can be

converted into fat and stored.

Hannah is in her 5th month of pregnancy. Her diet is poor because she rarely pays attention to her food choices, and she eats a limited variety of foods that she likes. Hannah was described as "undernourished" by her physician. Based on this information, Hannah is likely to ________.

deliver a baby who has breathing difficulties

For 5 years, Michael ate only plant foods. He recently developed numbness in his feet and a sore swollen tongue. A few days after he added eggs and milk to his diet, his tongue healed and the numbness in his feet stopped bothering him. Based on this information, Michael probably ________.

developed a nutrient deficiency disorder that was cured by the eating animal foods

The host of a radio program makes a "red flag" claim about a nutrition-related product, because the claim is generally an indication that the information about the product is unreliable. The radio program host said, ________.

"All ingredients in this product have been scientifically tested and clinically proven"

Felicia wants to meet the MyPlate recommendation for daily consumption of dairy products, which is 3 cups of dairy products. According to the USDA, how much plain yogurt should she eat to replace 1 cup of milk?

1 cup

Table sugar is nearly _____ carbohydrate.

100%

Elisa weighs 62 kg, which is approximately _____ pounds.

136

Three-year-old Amanda does not like to drink milk, but she loves pudding made with fat-free milk. MyPlate recommends that Amanda should consume 2 cups of dairy products daily. According to the USDA, Amanda can meet this recommendation by consuming ____ cups of pudding daily.

2

Donovan wants to consume 3 cups of dairy products daily. According to the USDA, which of the following foods should he eat to replace 1 cup of milk?

2 cups cottage cheese

According to the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, healthy people should limit their sodium intake to ______ mg/day.

2300

A serving of food contains 20 g fat, 2 g protein, 5 g carbohydrate, 5 g alcohol, and 1000 mg potassium. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies _____ kcal.

243

Steve has pancreatic cancer. As a result of the disease, Steve has a high risk of

diabetes mellitus

A magazine advertisement for a weight loss product includes before and after photos of a woman who supposedly lost 50 pounds in 3 weeks while taking the product. The bottom of the ad includes the statement, "Results are not typical." This statement is an example of a(n) ________.

disclaimer

A food has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water but lower than the pH of an oven cleaning solution. Based on this information, the food is ________.

egg white

Phosphorus, potassium, and sodium are ________.

elements

The Exchange System allows you to

estimate your carbohydrate intake.

Which of the following substances is a simple sugar?

fructose

The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are

galactose, glucose, and fructose.

Jared often eats a large dinner about an hour before he lies down to sleep. Based on this information, he is likely to develop ________.

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Erika has type 1 diabetes and gives herself insulin injections to help manage her blood glucose level. One afternoon, Erika tested her blood and discovered that her blood glucose level was 260 mg/dl. Based on this information, Erika should

give herself a specific dose of insulin.

The starch in rice and potatoes is composed of _____ molecules.

glucose

In the body, certain lipids ________.

help maintain cell membranes

The Tolerable Upper Limit for a nutrient is the

highest average amount that is unlikely to harm most people when consumed daily.

Having high blood levels of _____ may increase a person's risk of CVD.

homocysteine

Certain organs and tissues use _____ to send messages to target cells.

hormones

Which of the following characteristics or conditions increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

hypertension

Betty is constipated; she generally has bowel movements only twice a week. To help relieve her constipation without taking medications, Betty should

increase her intake of fiber-rich foods.

Bethany consumes a very-low-carbohydrate diet that supplies less than 100 g of carbohydrate daily, but she eats high amounts of meat and fat. As a result of her diet, Bethany's cells form more _____ than normal.

ketone bodies

Betty has type 2 diabetes, and she has difficulty keeping her fasting blood glucose level under 180 mg/dl. Based on this information, Betty has a high risk of

kidney failure.

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter ________.

lacteals within the villi

Caden develops intestinal cramps and gas after he drinks more than a half cup of milk. He can eat yogurt and cheese without any discomfort. Based on this information, Caden probably has

lactose intolerance.

Feces form in the ________.

large intestine

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome usually includes making dietary changes and ________.

learning ways to manage stress effectively

A chylomicron is a type of ________.

lipoprotein

Which of the following organs is the main site for detoxifying alcohol?

liver

Which of the following organs relies on enterohepatic circulation to recycle bile salts?

liver

Coretta has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce her likelihood of developing heartburn, her physician recommended that she ________.

lose excess body fat

The process of digesting food begins in the ________.

mouth

An essential nutrient ________.

must be supplied by the diet

Which of the following groups of foods is not a major food group of MyPlate?

oils

In the United States, food insecurity is most likely to affect ________.

older adults on fixed incomes

An _____ is a body structure composed of tissues that have related functions.

organ

Tyler smokes cigarettes, drinks excess alcohol, and takes aspirins regularly to treat his headaches. Based on this information, Tyler has a high risk of developing ________.

peptic ulcers

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin C on the human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin C to one group of human subjects and pills that do not contain vitamin C or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain the vitamin are

placebos

A person's _____ is not a major influence for his or her food selection practices.

political beliefs

A 10-month old baby whose diet is low in fat has ____, which is a sign of an essential fatty acid deficiency.

poor growth

Which of the following foods is a source of cholesterol?

pork steak

Which of the following nutrients is a source of energy for human cells?

protein

In the body, fat ________.

provide insulation against cold temperatures

Glucagon

raises blood glucose levels.

Which of the following foods has a low glycemic index (less than 70)?

raw carrots

According to the main nutrition-related goal of Healthy People 2020, Americans should ________.

reduce the risk of chronic diseases by consuming a healthy diet

A group of nutrition researchers interviews 100 adults who have chronic high blood pressure to determine whether there is an association between consuming diets low in calcium during adolescence and developing high blood pressure in adulthood. This study is an example of a ____ study.

retrospective

Eating a high-salt diet increases people's chances of developing high blood pressure. Thus, a diet that supplies excessive amounts of salt is a ____ for high blood pressure.

risk factor

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?

starch

The body uses cholesterol to make ________.

steroid hormones

Most of the people living in a small South African village have access to nutritious foods. Soon after their birth, 10 infants in the village developed severe diarrhea, which resulted in dehydration. After questioning the infants' parents, local public health officials were able to determine the cause of the diarrhea. Based on the officials' findings, the parents were advised to ________.

stop diluting the babies' formula with local well water

Adipose cells ________.

store triglycerides

The primary function of an adipose cell is ________.

storing fat

Actress Lotta Talent appears in commercials endorsing a dietary supplement containing a substance from dandelions for weight loss. Her endorsement is an example of a(n) ________.

testimonial

According to the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines, _____ should be consumed in amounts that are as low as possible.

trans fat

Today, Sean only ate three sandwiches made with whole-grain buns, 3 slices of cheese, and 10 ounces of roast beef. He also drank 3 cups of orange juice. According to MyPlate, he ate nothing from the food group that includes

vegetables.

Which of the following practices is an example of integrative health care?

A physician who treats a patient's back pain with cortisone injections and massage therapy.

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?

Brain

Abe wants to use canned or frozen peaches to make a dessert. While shopping for the fruit, how can he determine which kind has the least sugar per serving?

By comparing sugar content information that is listed in the Nutrition Facts panels

Which of the following conditions or diseases is a leading diet-related cause of death in the United States?

Heart disease

Which of the following foods or beverages is a major source of added sugars in American diets?

Sugar-sweetened soft drinks

_____ includes farming techniques that do not deplete natural resources or harm the environment.

Sustainable agriculture

Which of the following menu items has major ingredients that represent three different MyPlate food groups?

Vanilla ice cream topped with peanuts, strawberries, and chocolate syrup

Which of the following observations is an example of an inverse correlation?

Women who smoke 5 or more cigarettes each day during pregnancy are more likely to give birth to underweight babies than women who smoke fewer than 5 cigarettes a day during pregnancy.

Which of the following foods is considered to be a probiotic?

Yogurt with live and active cultures of Lactobacillus

When Leah parties with her friends, she usually drinks 6 beers during a 2-hour party. At this level of alcohol consumption, she is ________.

a binge drinker

The professional football star Andro "The Man" McGraw claims the dietary supplement AminoProFixate helped him build muscle mass quickly and safely. His endorsement of the product is an example of ________.

a testimonial

A team of scientists extracts a chemical that they call "Zombia" from the leaves of a common houseplant. One of the scientists would like to market Zombia as a dietary supplement because it makes people sleepy, when it is injected into them. Based on this information, Zombia ________.

cannot be marketed as a dietary supplement

Generally, epidemiological studies ________.

cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships

Scientists study 200 adults who have type 2 diabetes and 200 adults who have similar characteristics but do not have the disease. For 18 months, the researchers collect lifestyle information on all the study participants. According to the study's findings, the adults with type 2 diabetes were 25% less physically active than their counterparts who did not have type 2 diabetes. This is an example of a(n) _____ study.

case-control

Blood and blood vessels are primary components of the _____ system.

circulatory

Which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information?

dietsnomore4u.com

Pancreatic amylase

digests starch in the small intestine.

Food guides generally do not group _____ with dairy foods.

eggs

Iron, calcium, and carbon are ________.

elements

An _____ is a compound that speeds up (catalyzes) a chemical reaction.

enzyme

A group of scientists would like to determine lifestyle factors that are associated with the development of asthma among American children. Based on this information, the researchers should design a (an) _____ study.

epidemiological

The sides of the tongue have taste buds that are only able to detect sweet-tasting items.

false

When cells have more glucose than they need energy, they may convert some of the excess into

fat

Which of the following foods provides the most carbohydrate per 4-ounce serving?

fat-free milk

Which of the following foods is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids?

flaxseeds

Last night, Sara ate French fries, fried fish, and creamy cole slaw. For dessert, she had a chocolate milk shake. About an hour after eating this food, she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain. Based on this information, Sara probably has ________.

gallstones

Katie is pregnant. She has type 1 diabetes and often has difficulty controlling her blood glucose level. Based on this information, Katie is likely to

give birth to a baby that has birth defects.

Which of the following foods is naturally a source of phytochemicals?

grapes

Albert is a healthy, 23-year-old college student. He would like to know more about his risk of cardiovascular disease, so he can take preventive measures, if they are necessary. Albert should ________.

have a lipoprotein profile performed on a sample of his blood

Which of the following carbohydrates is in plain, fat-free milk?

lactose

Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi. Based on this information, you would expect Marcus to _____ while he has this illness.

lose weight rapidly

A group of registered dietitian nutritionists is planning to conduct a scientific study to investigate the effects of eating honey on school-age children's behavior. At first, the researchers will ________.

make observations

According to Shawn's physician, Shawn has a high risk of _____ because his waist circumference is 42 inches, his blood pressure consistently measures 140 mm Hg/90 mm Hg, and his fasting blood glucose level is 110 mg/dl.

metabolic syndrome

_____ is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells.

metabolism

Lactose is the disaccharide in

milk

Which of the following foods contains cholesterol?

roast pork

During a television interview, Dr. Ima Quack provides the following statement. "Most Americans suffer from nutritional deficiency diseases and will develop cancer within the next 10 years because they are not taking my megavitamin formula therapy." Dr. Quack's statement is an example of a(n) ________.

scare tactic

Chyme is the ________.

semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach

Hillary consumed 3 servings of an orange-flavored sugar-sweetened soft drink that provided 140 kcal/serving. This amount of the beverage

should be considered a source of empty calories.

Impoverished children who live in developing countries have a high risk of dying from ________.

vitamin A deficiency

When following recipes, Candice wants to use a type of fat that is not a solid fat. Which of the following fats should she use?

walnut oil